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오은정,Robert L. Williams,Stacy L. Bliss,Katherine R. Krohn 한국사회과학협의회 2009 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.36 No.1
The objective of this study was to compare the relationship of two forms of patriotism to important sociopolitical values in a Korean and an American University. Constructive patriotism represents a commitment to the ideals of one’s country and a willingness to question current societal actions in a society that appear inconsistent with those ideals. On the other hand, blind patriotism reflects allegiance to the current policies of one’s government, irrespective of their lack of consistency with the ideals of that country. The two measures of patriotism were correlated with emphasis on civil liberties, national security, and militarism. The latter values have been heavily emphasized in American society since the occurrence of 9/11. In the current study, college students in an American University (n = 222) and a Korean University (n = 215) were administered a 50-item survey measuring five sociopolitical dimensions: constructive patriotism, blind patriotism, respect for civil liberties, emphasis on national security, and militarism. The two samples obtained similar means for emphasis on national security and constructive patriotism, but the American sample scored significantly lower (p < .001) on respect for civil liberties and higher (p < .001) on blind patriotism and militarism than the Korean sample. Although the correlations between patriotism measures and the remaining sociopolitical constructs were directionally consistent across the two samples, the correlations were substantially stronger in the American sample. Few gender differences were evident in the findings for either sample. The objective of this study was to compare the relationship of two forms of patriotism to important sociopolitical values in a Korean and an American University. Constructive patriotism represents a commitment to the ideals of one’s country and a willingness to question current societal actions in a society that appear inconsistent with those ideals. On the other hand, blind patriotism reflects allegiance to the current policies of one’s government, irrespective of their lack of consistency with the ideals of that country. The two measures of patriotism were correlated with emphasis on civil liberties, national security, and militarism. The latter values have been heavily emphasized in American society since the occurrence of 9/11. In the current study, college students in an American University (n = 222) and a Korean University (n = 215) were administered a 50-item survey measuring five sociopolitical dimensions: constructive patriotism, blind patriotism, respect for civil liberties, emphasis on national security, and militarism. The two samples obtained similar means for emphasis on national security and constructive patriotism, but the American sample scored significantly lower (p < .001) on respect for civil liberties and higher (p < .001) on blind patriotism and militarism than the Korean sample. Although the correlations between patriotism measures and the remaining sociopolitical constructs were directionally consistent across the two samples, the correlations were substantially stronger in the American sample. Few gender differences were evident in the findings for either sample.
Schwartz, David L,Powis, Garth,Thitai-Kumar, Arun,He, Yi,Bankson, James,Williams, Ryan,Lemos, Robert,Oh, Junghwan,Volgin, Andrei,Soghomonyan, Suren,Nishii, Ryuichi,Alauddin, Mian,Mukhopadhay, Uday,Pen American Association for Cancer Research, Inc 2009 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol.8 No.4
<P>Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) promotes tumor cell adaptation to microenvironmental stress. HIF-1 is up-regulated in irradiated tumors and serves as a promising target for radiosensitization. We initially confirmed that the orally bioavailable HIF-1 inhibitor PX-478 reduces HIF-1 protein levels and signaling in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and provides direct radiosensitization of hypoxic cancer cells in clonogenic survival assays using C6 glioma, HN5 and UMSCCa10 squamous cells, and Panc-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. However, PX-478 yields striking in vivo tumor sensitization to single-dose irradiation, which cannot be explained by incremental improvement in direct tumor cell killing. We show that PX-478 prevents postradiation HIF-1 signaling and abrogates downstream stromal adaptation in C6 and HN5 reporter xenografts as measured by serial ultrasound, vascular magnetic resonance imaging, and hypoxia response element-specific micro-positron emission tomography imaging. The primacy of indirect PX-478 in vivo effects was corroborated by our findings that (a) either concurrent or early postradiation sequencing of PX-478 provides roughly equivalent sensitization and (b) constitutive vascular endothelial growth factor expression maintains refractory tumor vessel function and progression following combined radiation and PX-478. These results confirm that disruption of postradiation adaptive HIF-1 signaling by PX-478 imparts increased therapeutic efficacy through blockade of HIF-1-dependent reconstitution of tumor stromal function. Successful translation of targeted HIF-1 radiosensitization to the clinical setting will require specific consideration of tumor microenvironmental effects and mechanisms.</P>
BAIK, MYUNGGI,HARROLD, ROBERT L.,CHOI, CHANG B.,SLANGER, WILLIAM D.,SUNG, CHANG K.,PARK, CHUNG S. 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1993 생물공학연구지 Vol.3 No.-
Effects of testosterone and energy restriction (30%) on enzyme activity and mRNA level of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were studied in 19-wkold female Sprague-Dawley rats. Testosterone implantation for 1 wk elicited a sixfold increase in ODC activity and a fourfold increase in ODC mRNA transcripts in the kidney. Energy restriction also increased renal ODC activity. Further, the 56% increase in ODC enzyme activity observed in the testosterone-implanted, energy-restricted group was greater than the 24% increase in the placebo-implanted, energy-restricted group. No changes in renal ODC mRNA levels were observed in the energyrestricted groups. These observations suggest that translational or post-translational mechanism(s) are in-volved in the greater renal OCD activity in energy-restricted rats. J. Nutr. 122: 1056-1061, 1992.
Perceived Stressors among College Students in an American and a Korean University
오은정,Carolyn A. Blondin,Jeff L. Cochran,Robert L. Williams 한국사회과학협의회 2011 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.38 No.2
A sample of 268 students attending a private university in South Korea and 232 students attending a large public university in the U.S. responded to a measure of stressors used in other studies on college‐level stress. The ratings of both samples yielded high internal consistency and similar factor structures. The ratings did not differ significantly according to the year in school but did yield a significant main effect according to nationality and there was a significant interaction between nationality and gender. The specific stressors that most differentiated the responses of the Korean and American students were finances, academic requirements, housing, planning,and feelings of being overwhelmed. The American students obtained significantly higher scores on the perceived frequency of these stressors than did the Korean students. Only the attainment of personal goals was reported as a more frequent stressor by Korean students than their American counterparts.
Strickman, Daniel,Miller, Mary-E.,Lee, Kwan-Woo,Kim, Heung-Chul,Wirtz, Robert-A.,Perich, Michael,Novakoski, William-L.,Feighner, Brian-H.,Roh, Cheon-Seop 한국곤충학회 2001 Entomological Research Vol.31 No.3
The Republic of Korea (ROK) has been experiencing an expanding epidemic of Plasmodium vivax malaria since 1993, with most cases occurring near the Demilitarized Zone in the northwestern part of the country. During 1996 and 1997, U.S. Army preventive medicine assets undertook a program of surveillance and vector control to reduce transmission to U.S. Forces Korea (USFK). In 1996, the total number of cases was low and only routine vector control (ULV applications of malathion in early evening, availability of repellent for soldiers without command emphasis) was undertaken. Surveillance in 1996 indicated that Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann was the vector and that the risk to unprotected troops was high (1 of 361 mosquitoes infected in one area with 30 bites/person per night, 1 of 1,559 mosquitoes infected in another area with biting rate of 130/person/night). All night collections showed that most biting was occurring late at night, between 2300 and 0300 hrs. Expecting more transmission in 1997, a coordinated program (which did not include chemoprophylaxis) was initiated in which physicians, military commanders, and entomology assets all played a role. The following entomological interventions were concentrated at the site of highest risk, Camp Bonifas: 1) application of residual insecticide to tents, barracks, and bed nets, 2) ULV application of resmethrin late at night, 3) replacement and repair of screens, 4) use of permethrin treated bednets in unscreened billets, and 5) command emphasis on use of repellents and proper wear of the permethrin-treated uniform. Camp Bonifas experienced a 40% decrease in malaria cases (from 5 cases in 1996 to 3 cases in 1997) compared to a 243% increase in other American troops (from 7 to 24 cases) and a 306% increase (from 285 to 1,156 cases) in ROK Army troops. Although more effective use of ULV and application of larvicides would probably have improved the result, we conclude that entomological interventions without chemoprophylaxis reduced malaria transmission at Camp Bonifas by 82% in 1997.