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Niosomes: a potential tool for novel drug delivery
Rizwana Khan,Raghuveer Irchhaiya 한국약제학회 2016 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.46 No.3
Vesicular drug delivery system are novel means to improve the bioavailability of the encapsulated drug along with numerous advantages over conventional drug delivery systems. Liposomes were first in such type of delivery systems but it was not so successful due to their numerous drawbacks. Niosomes or non ionic surfactant vesicles are formed from self assembly of hydrated surfactant monomers. They are formulated by non ionic surfactants but various ionic amphiphiles like di cetyl phosphate, sodium deoxycholate and stearylamine etc. are also incorporated inorder to achieve a stable vesicular suspension by inducing negative or positive charge. The most striking feature of such delivery system is that it can be used to encapsulate both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic drug. The emphasis of this type of vesicular drug delivery system is placed over the slow release of drug in a controlled manner, resulting into sustained activity, reduced toxicity, protection of active moiety, targeting, modification in distribution profile of drugs and enhancing the bioavailability of encapsulated drug. This article summarizes the merits of niosomal drug delivery system over conventional drug therapy, its structural components, factors affecting its formation, method of preparation, evaluation techniques, therapeutic applications and patents.
Rizwana Kousar,Syed Imran Rais,Abdul Mansoor,Khalid Zaman,Syed Tahir Hussain Shah,Shakira Ejaz 한국유통과학회 2019 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.6 No.1
The objective of the study is to examine the impact of financial development and foreign remittances on poverty and income inequality in the context of Pakistan. The study used ARDL-Bounds testing approach for robust inferences. The results show that in the short-run, remittances increases poverty and income inequality, which further translated into its long-run impact. The result confirmed the inverted Ushaped relationship between per capita income and income inequality, while the second order coefficient of per capita income substantially decline poverty incidence in a country. In the long-run, the results disappeared and it’s turned into U-shaped relationship between income inequality and country’s per capita income. Education largely decreases income inequality both in the short and long-run, however, it increases poverty in the long-run. Unemployment rate substantially damaged the pro-poor growth scenario, as high unemployment rate increases both the poverty rates and income inequality, which suffered poor more than non-poor in a country. Financial development has a positive impact on poverty reduction and income inequality in the short-run. The impact of income inequality on poverty incidence is positive both in the short- and long-run, which need pro-poor growth policies and rationale income distribution in a country.
Analysis of the Stability of Urea in Dried Blood Spots Collected and Stored on Filter Paper
Rizwana Quraishi,Ramakrishnan Lakshmy,Ashok Kumar Mukhopadhyay,Bansi Lal Jailkhani 대한진단검사의학회 2013 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.33 No.3
The ability to use dry blood spots (DBSs) on filter paper for the analysis of urea levels could be an important diagnostic tool for areas that have limited access to laboratory facilities. We developed a method for the extraction and quantification of urea from DBSs that were stored on 3M Whatman filter paper and investigated the effect of long-term storage on the level of urea in DBSs. DBSs of 4.5 mm in diameter were used for our assay, and we determined the urea levels in blood using a commercially available enzymatic kit (UV GLDH-method; Randox laboratories Ltd., UK). The DBSs on filter discs were stored at 4°C or at 37°C for 120 days. The mean intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variance for our method of urea extraction from dried blood was 4.2% and 6.3%, respectively. We collected 75 fresh blood samples and compared the urea content of each fresh sample with the urea content of DBSs taken from corresponding fresh blood samples. Regression analysis reported a regression coefficient (r) value of 0.97 and a recovery of urea from dried spots was 102.2%. Urea concentrations in DBSs were stable for up to 120 and 90 days when stored at 4°C and 37°C, respectively. Our results show that urea can be stored and quantitatively recovered from small volumes of blood that was collected on filter paper.
( Rizwana Abbasi ) 한국국방연구원 2016 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.28 No.3
This study reassesses conflicting strategic behavior of India and Pakistan in the changed regional environment. It predominantly focuses on evaluating the two states’ behavior in regard to their nuclear doctrines, strategies, force postures and, operational plans and their impact on deterrence stability/instability. It continues by examining the following questions: Why do these states behave distinctly on their strategic goals that make peace precarious and deterrence unstable? How far have the changing security dynamics and emerging doctrinal structures of these states made regional deterrence more or less stable? How can these states stabilize deterrence and secure regional peace? The paper finds that nuclear deterrence in South Asia apparently has stabilized the region but the peace was precariously maintained because the two states have distinct strategic direction and goals. India and Pakistan cannot avoid serious and unavoidable risks of nuclear war until they lay down their all-inclusive military plans, adopt budgetary constraints, institute an arms control mechanism and build a stable political relationship.
Reassessing Deterrence Dynamics and Fragility of Peace in South Asia
Rizwana Abbasi 한국국방연구원 2016 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.28 No.3
This study reassesses conflicting strategic behavior of India and Pakistan in the changed regional environment. It predominantly focuses on evaluating the two states’ behavior in regard to their nuclear doctrines, strategies, force postures and, operational plans and their impact on deterrence stability/instability. It continues by examining the following questions: Why do these states behave distinctly on their strategic goals that make peace precarious and deterrence unstable? How far have the changing security dynamics and emerging doctrinal structures of these states made regional deterrence more or less stable? How can these states stabilize deterrence and secure regional peace? The paper finds that nuclear deterrence in South Asia apparently has stabilized the region but the peace was precariously maintained because the two states have distinct strategic direction and goals. India and Pakistan cannot avoid serious and unavoidable risks of nuclear war until they lay down their all-inclusive military plans, adopt budgetary constraints, institute an arms control mechanism and build a stable political relationship.
Rizwana Begum Syed Nabi,이명희,김성업,김정인,김민영,조광수,오은영 한국육종학회 2022 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.10 No.1
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed, cash crop grown worldwide mainly in a tropical and subtropical climate. Drought stress (DS) is one of the serious abiotic stresses that alter the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of plants and causes huge production loss across the globe. The aim of this study, to investigate the twenty widely grown Korean genotypes at the seedling stage under the control and drought stress conditions, to identify tolerant lines as well as related traits. In addition, the influence of DS and rehydration or recovery after stress on peanut genotypes was also studied. Initial screening showed that given genotypes had a differential response to DS, demonstrating a wide range of variation in tested peanut genotypes during the seedling stage towards the DS. Further, based on investigation of the different growth attributes and biochemical assessment six genotypes (Palkwang, Milkwang, and Daekwang) and (Daekwang, Haeol, and Heukhwaseang) were observed as drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive lines respectively. The findings of this study will aid in the selection of peanut genotypes in future breeding efforts aimed at improving drought tolerance and minimizing peanut production loss.
Rizwana Abbasi,Sufian Ullah 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2022 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.10 No.1
Growing instability marks the evolving security environment between Pakistan andIndia and hence modifies their strategic priorities. The prevailing security dynamicsin the region, such as changing nature of conflicts, introduction of new technologies,evolving deterrent force postures, and suspension of Confidence Building Measures(CBMs), have increased states’ reliance on arms build-up and decreased their inclinationto arms control and disarmament. This paper offers a Pakistani perspective onhow the prevailing regional environment seems less favorable to nuclear disarmamentand more inclined to deterrent force modernization. To explain the aboverationale, this study takes guidance from primary and secondary sources to assessdisarmament challenges, and discusses the prospects for creating a new securityenvironment in the region to promote a renewed consensus on nuclear disarmament.
Khatoon, Rizwana,Abbasi, Hana,Aslam, Mohammad,Chaudhary, Shahid Shah Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2019 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.9 No.3
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a rich source of edible oil most commonly it is used as a food product mainly in bakeries and also use as a common source of oil in daily kitchen needs. Due to the presence of some special phytochemicals like proteins, fibers, oil, minerals and antioxidants it is highly used for medicinal and therapeutic purposes. It is a good source of energy and act as an antiaging agent. Its seeds are used as Anti-helmintic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and Hepatoprotective but its seed coat which is a byproduct of sesame and a cherished source of fibers is normally use for animal feedstuff. In Unani system of medicine it is used both as drug & diet (dawa wa ghida). In classical Unani literature it is indicated in various disorders like Asthma, Dry Cough, Gastritis (due to any drug, excessive use of alcohol), Dryness of Intestine, Dryness in throat, Renal Stone, Bleeding Piles, Amenorrhea, Retention of urine, Dysuria, Orchitis, Sexual Debility, Anorexia. The present review article, an attempt have been made to compile all the pharmacological and Pharmacognostical characters of Sesamum indicum with special reference to Unani literature.