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Rizwan,윤재웅,박웅진 대한교통학회 2019 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.80 No.-
하늘공원, 태종대 등 산책하기 좋은 환경을 조성하여 도보 그 자체에 목적을 두게 하는 관광지들이 많이 생겨나고 있다. 이러한 관광지들은 교통약자들이 전체 코스를 도보로 완주하기엔 다소 어려움이 발생할 수 있어, 일정 구간 혹은 전체 구간에 대해 교통수단을 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 관광지의 교통수단 선택행위가 통행시간 및 요금수준에 의해 얼마나 크게 좌우되는 지 알아보고자 한다. 분석은 다항로짓모형을 통해 진행하며, 최종적으로 도출된 관광지에서의 시간가치가 일반적인 상황에서의 시간가치와 얼마나 차이를 나타내는 지 알아본다. 최종적으로 관광단지 교통수단의 적정요금수준을 판단할 수 있는 근거 제시가 주요 목적이다.
M. Rizwan,M.T.A. Chaudhary,M. Ilyas,Raja Rizwan Hussain,T.R. Stacey 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2014 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.14 No.2
Cyclic test of the columns is of practical relevance to the performance of compression members during an earthquake loading. The strength, ductility and energy absorption capabilities of reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to cyclic loading have been estimated by many researchers. These characteristics are not normally inherent in plain concrete but can be achieved by effectively confining columns through transverse reinforcement. An extensive experimental program, in which performance of four RC columns detailed according to provisions of ACI-318-08 was studied in contrast with that of four columns confined by a new proposed technique. This paper presents performance of columns reinforced by standard detailing and cast with 25 and 32 MPa concrete. The experimentally achieved load-displacement hysteresis and backbone curves of two columns are presented. The two approaches which work in conjunction with Response 2000 have been suggested to draw analytical back bone curves of RC columns. The experimental and analytical backbone curves are found in good agreement. This investigation gives a detail insight of the response of RC columns subjected to cyclic loads during their service life. The suggested analytical procedures will be available to the engineers involved in design to appraise the capacity of RC columns.
Use of Maize (Zea mays L.) for phytomanagement of Cd-contaminated soils: a critical review
Rizwan, M.,Ali, S.,Qayyum, M. F.,Ok, Y. S.,Zia-ur-Rehman, M.,Abbas, Z.,Hannan, F. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Environmental geochemistry and health Vol.39 No.2
<P>Maize (Zea mays L.) has been widely adopted for phytomanagement of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils due to its high biomass production and Cd accumulation capacity. This paper reviewed the toxic effects of Cd and its management by maize plants. Maize could tolerate a certain level of Cd in soil while higher Cd stress can decrease seed germination, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis and growth/yields. Toxicity response of maize to Cd varies with cultivar/varieties, growth medium and stress duration/extent. Exogenous application of organic and inorganic amendments has been used for enhancing Cd tolerance of maize. The selection of Cd-tolerant maize cultivar, crop rotation, soil type, and exogenous application of microbes is a representative agronomic practice to enhance Cd tolerance in maize. Proper selection of cultivar and agronomic practices combined with amendments might be successful for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils with maize. However, there might be the risk of food chain contamination by maize grains obtained from the Cd-contaminated soils. Thus, maize cultivation could be an option for the management of low- and medium-grade Cd-contaminated soils if grain yield is required. On the other hand, maize can be grown on Cd-polluted soils only if biomass is required for energy production purposes. Long-term field trials are required, including risks and benefit analysis for various management strategies aiming Cd phytomanagement with maize.</P>
Rizwan Wahab,김영순,신형식 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3
Differently shaped zinc oxide nanostructures were synthesized at^90 ℃ by refluxing process at different refluxing times (6, 12, 18 and 24 h) via the solution method using zinc acetate dihydrate as a source material and hydrazine hydrate. Heterostructures like needle shaped nanorods, flowers composed with nanorods, pencil like zinc oxide nanorods and square shaped zinc oxide micro-particles were observed using field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM) as functions of varying refluxing time of the solution of zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(Ac)_2 2H_2O) and hydrazine hydrate (N_2H_4 H_2O). A high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HR-TEM) observation supports FE-SEM observations and revealed that nanostructures grew along [0001] direction with an ideal lattice fringe distance of 0.52 nm, same as that of bulk ZnO. X-ray diffraction patterns present good crystalline properties and that the obtained powder is zinc oxide without any other impurities. The compositional study, FTIR spectroscopic measurement showed a standard peak of zinc oxide at 518 cm^-1. In addition to this, we also proposed the chemical growth mechanism of different types of grown zinc oxide nanostructures.
Cadmium phytoremediation potential of <i>Brassica</i> crop species: A review
Rizwan, Muhammad,Ali, Shafaqat,Zia ur Rehman, Muhammad,Rinklebe, Jö,rg,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Bashir, Arooj,Maqbool, Arosha,Tack, F.M.G.,Ok, Yong Sik Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.631 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal released into the environment through anthropogenic activities. Phytoremediation is a green technology used for the stabilization or remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. <I>Brassica</I> crop species can produce high biomass under a range of climatic and growing conditions, allowing for considerable uptake and accumulation of Cd, depending on species. These crop species can tolerate Cd stress via different mechanisms, including the stimulation of the antioxidant defense system, chelation, compartmentation of Cd into metabolically inactive parts, and accumulation of total amino-acids and osmoprotectants. A higher Cd-stress level, however, overcomes the defense system and may cause oxidative stress in <I>Brassica</I> species due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, numerous approaches have been followed to decrease Cd toxicity in <I>Brassica</I> species, including selection of Cd-tolerant cultivars, the use of inorganic and organic amendments, exogenous application of soil organisms, and employment of plant-growth regulators. Furthermore, the coupling of genetic engineering with cropping may also help to alleviate Cd toxicity in <I>Brassica</I> species. However, several field studies demonstrated contrasting results. This review suggests that the combination of Cd-tolerant <I>Brassica</I> cultivars and the application of soil amendments, along with proper agricultural practices, may be the most efficient means of the soil Cd phytoattenuation. Breeding and selection of Cd-tolerant species, as well as species with higher biomass production, might be needed in the future when aiming to use <I>Brassica</I> species for phytoremediation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Brassica</I> species can be considered a potential candidate for Cd phytoremediation. </LI> <LI> <I>Brassica</I> species can accumulate most of the soil Cd in its parts. </LI> <LI> Different amendments can be applied to enhance Cd tolerance in <I>Brassica</I> species. </LI> <LI> Integrated agricultural practices can be used to enhance Cd uptake in <I>Brassica</I> species. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
( Rizwan Shaikh ) 한국행정학회 2020 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.2
The research examines structure of access to justice in Pakistan’s official legal and traditional Panchayat systems through comparative analysis. The unique system of Panchayat is predominant for centuries in the rural areas of South Asia including Pakistan but, research in this system is very limited, whilst comparative analysis in view of justice accessibility is a new contribution into the scarce sources of literature in the Pakistani context. The practice of Panchayat is viewed as the inability of the state’s legal system in terms its outreach and penetration into whole country and critics are also of the view it compromises a standard rule of law for the entire citizenry. The paper addresses the question, whether the official justice system or the Panchayat benefits the rural population or any of these systems requires additional reforms to improve and expand accessibility of justice to the rural population. For this qualitative exploratory research, secondary data sources have been utilized with a view to identify similarities and differences, and analyzing strengths and weaknesses of both the justice systems, framing of these aspects and discussing their implications are aimed for making policy suggestions. It is concluded that, although, Pakistani official system requires various reforms to improve and expand accessibility of justice but, for the majority rural population, Panchayat system serves as a convenient and affordable means of accessing justice instead of a hindrance. Comparative research involving field work would produce more in-depth insight into the peculiarities of both the systems to assess public preferences, effectiveness and consequential side-effects.