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Gene pathways and cell cycle-related genes in cultured avian primordial germ cells.
Rengaraj, D,Lee, B R,Choi, J W,Lee, S I,Seo, H W,Kim, T H,Choi, H J,Song, G,Han, J Y Poultry Science Association, etc 2012 Poultry science Vol.91 No.12
<P>Primordial germ cells (PGC) from early embryos are applicable to various kinds of research, including the production of transgenic animals. Primordial germ cells eventually migrate and differentiate into germ cells in the gonads, where they settle and rapidly proliferate. However, the proliferation rate of PGC is low in early embryos, and there are many significant pathways that mediate PGC activity. Therefore, in vitro culture of PGC from early embryos with efficient growth factors has been necessary. Recently, we cultured chicken PGC from embryonic d 2.5 with basic fibroblast growth factor and characterized the PGC through analysis of cell morphology, survival, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, large-scale analyses of genes expressed in cultured PGC and the genes involved in associated pathways are limited. The objective of the present investigation was to identify the signaling and metabolic pathways of expressed genes by microarray comparison between PGC and their somatic counterpart, chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF). We identified 795 genes that were expressed more predominantly in PGC and 824 genes that were expressed more predominantly in CEF. Among the predominant genes in PGC, 201 were differentially identified in 106 pathways. Among the predominant genes in CEF, 242 were differentially identified in 99 pathways. To further validate the genes involved in at least one candidate pathway, those involved in the cell cycle (12 predominant genes in PGC and 8 predominant genes in CEF) were examined by real-time PCR. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate signaling and metabolic pathways in cultured PGC.</P>
Ryu, T.,Rengaraj, A.,Haldorai, Y.,Shin, J.,Choe, S.R.,Lee, G.W.,Hwang, S.K.,Han, Y.K.,Kim, B.G.,Huh, Y.S.,Chung, K.S. North-Holland Pub. Co 2017 Solid state ionics Vol.308 No.-
<P>In this study, to prevent manganese dissolution from an acid treatment during the extraction of lithium ions (Li+), silica (SiO2) was mixed mechanically with lithium manganese oxide (Li1.33Mn1.67O4, LMO) by a high-energy milling technique followed by calcination. The milling process ensured high-level chemical homogeneity of metal oxides. The amorphous SiO2 imparted stability to the LMO spinel structure and reduced the level of Mn dissolution during the extraction of Li+ using an acid. X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the amorphous SiO2 was well mixed in the framework of LMO. The Li-Si-Mn-O composite was used as an efficient adsorbent for the recovery of Li+ from lithium spiked seawater with an adsorption capacity of 43.23 mg g(-1). The adsorption process fitted the Langmuir isotherm well with a correlation coefficient of 0.9831. The kinetic study showed that the adsorption behavior followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorbent exhibited excellent selectivity towards Li+, even in the presence of competitive cations with a higher concentration than Li+.</P>
A Multi-objective Optimum Distributed Generation Placement Using Firefly Algorithm
Anbuchandran S.,Rengaraj R.,Bhuvanesh A.,Karuppasamypandiyan M. 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.2
Nowadays, the power systems face several environmental and economic challenges and Distributed Generations (DGs) will be an eff ectual solution for them. The integration of DGs may result in power system volatility and losses. The optimal allocation of DGs will resolve the aforesaid issues. This study aims to implement multi-objective fi refl y algorithm for siting and sizing of DGs by optimizing six dissimilar objective functions such as minimization of power losses, improvement of voltage profi le, enhancement of Voltage Stability Index, reduction of pollutant emission and elimination of average voltage Total Harmonic Distortion. Besides, fuzzy decision-making methodology has been deployed to choose one of the Paretooptimal solutions as the Best Compromise Solution. The studies have been conducted on standard IEEE 33-bus system and a practical 62 bus Indian Utility System namely Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited as a realworld distribution network. The outcomes of the proposed work have been compared with related past studies and prominent improvement has been experienced