Normal Values of High-resolution Anorectal Manometry of Healthy Indians

Rahul Deshmukh,Akash Shukla,Sanjay Chandnani,Pravin M Rathi,Pratik Tibdewal,Shubham Jain,Nitin Ramani,Parmeshwar Junare,Partha Debnath,Leela Shinde,Asif Bagwan,Megha Meshram 대한소화기 기능성질환·운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.3

Background/AimsHigh-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) measures anal sphincter function and anorectal co-ordination. This study aims to provide normal data for HRAM and evaluate the effect of gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) on anorectal functions in healthy Indian subjects. MethodsHRAM was performed on 93 healthy volunteers using a 20-channel, water-perfused catheter. We evaluated anorectal pressures, rectal sensation, and balloon expulsion time. Measurements were recorded during rest, squeeze, and simulated defecation (push). ResultsMedian anal resting pressure (88 mmHg vs 94 mmHg, P = NS), anal squeeze pressure (165 mmHg vs 147 mmHg, P = NS) were not significantly different between males and females. Rectal pressure (70 mmHg vs 54 mmHg, P = 0.024) and anal pressure (82 mmHg vs 63 mmHg, P = 0.008) during simulated evacuation without rectal distention, were higher in males. The threshold for the first sensation was lower in females (40 mL vs 30 mL, P = 0.021) but desire to defecate (105 mL vs 90 mL, P = NS) and maximum tolerable volume (160 mL vs 140 mL, P = NS) were not significantly different in males and females. Anal residual pressure (median mmHg 83 vs 71 mmHg, P = 0.025) was higher in subjects < 40 years of age. Maximum anal squeeze pressure (185 mmHg vs 165 mmHg, P = 0.024) and maximum rectal pressure (75 mmHg vs 62 mmHg, P = 0.032) during push higher in BMI < 23 kg/m2. ConclusionsThe present study provides normal data for the Indian population that can be used for comparison and further work. Age, gender, and BMI affect anorectal parameters in HRAM and should be considered while reporting.

Eco-friendly Solventless Synthesis of 5-Indolylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidinones and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Gupta, Ragini,Jain, Anshu,Joshi, Rahul,Jain, Meenakshi Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.3

A series of 5-indolylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidinones (4a-h) were obtained by multi-component reaction of 3-formylindole (1), thiobarbituric acid/barbituric acid (2) and thiourea/urea (3) under microwave irradiation in dry media. Secondly, grinding together neat reactants also gave the titled compounds in good yields. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, $^1H$ NMR and Mass). Representative compounds were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at different concentrations. Some of the compounds showed promising activity.

'One Pot' Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-cyano-4,6-diarylpyridines under Ultrasonic Irradiation and Grindstone Technology

Gupta, Ragini,Jain, Anshu,Jain, Meenakshi,Joshi, Rahul Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.11

A simple facile 'one pot' synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4,6-diarylpyridine derivatives via three component reaction of chalcone, malanonitrile and ammonium acetate under ultrasonic irradiation and grindstone technology. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of their elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR and Mass).

Formulation, Development, and Performance Evaluation of Metoclopramide HCl Oro-Dispersible Sustained Release Tablet

Nikhil Kasliwal,Vandana Jugran,Rahul Jain,Jeetendra Singh Negi 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.10

The present study was undertaken to develop and evaluate an oro-dispersible, sustained release tablet of metoclopramide HCl. The technology was comprised of developing sustained release microparticles, and compression of resultant microspheres into a fast dispersible tablet by direct compression. The microspheres of metoclopramide HCl were prepared by an emulsification-solvent evaporation method using ethylcellulose as the matrix polymer. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for morphology, particle size, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated spherical particles with a mean diameter of 81.27 ± 5.87 μm and the drug encapsulation efficiency was found to be 70.15 ± 3.06%. The process and formulation variables such as rotation speed, polymer concentration, and drug concentration influenced the drug encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release. Optimized microspheres were compressed into tablets which were comprised of metoclopramide HCl microspheres, 53% (w/v) of D-mannitol granules, 7% (w/w) of Polyplasdone XL 10, and 0.5% (w/w) of calcium stearate. The tablets demonstrated a hardness of 59 ± 3 N, friability of 0.21% and disintegration time of 27 ± 3 sec. The formulations were subjected to stability studies as per ICH guidelines and were found to be stable after a 6month study. In vivo experiments conducted in rats demonstrated that a constant level of metoclopramide HCl in plasma could be maintained for up to 20 h at a suitable concentration for antiemetic activity. An appropriate combination of excipients made it possible to obtain orally disintegrating sustained release tablets of metoclopramide HCl using simple and conventional techniques.

‘One Pot’ Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-cyano-4,6-diarylpyridines under Ultrasonic Irradiation and Grindstone Technology

Ragini Gupta,Anshu Jain,Meenakshi Jain,Rahul Joshi 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.11

A simple facile ‘one pot’ synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4,6-diarylpyridine derivatives via three component reaction of chalcone, malanonitrile and ammonium acetate under ultrasonic irradiation and grindstone technology. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of their elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass).

High Temperature Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of FeCoNiCrAlTi Dual Phase High Entropy Alloy

Piyush Kumar,Reliance Jain,M. R. Rahul,Abhijit Ghosh,Sumanta Samal,Gandham Phanikumar 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.9

The present study explores the high temperature deformation behavior of FeCoNiCrAlTi dual phase high entropy alloy(henceforth referred to as DP-HEA) in the temperature range of 900–1100 °C (1173–1373 K) and the strain rate varyingfrom 0.001 to 0.1 s−1. The as-cast sample has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction,and differential scanning calorimetry, which reveals the presence of two phases, disordered γ and ordered γ′. A constitutiverelationship between the process parameters (stress temperature, strain, and strain rate) has been drawn using the Arrheniustypeequation to recognize the high temperature deformation behavior of the DP-HEA. The optimum thermomechanicalprocessing window of the DP-HEA has been determined by constructing multiple contour maps based on different parameterssuch as efficiency, strain rate sensitivity, etc. And the optimum processing domain has been found to lie approximately in thetemperature range of 1260–1300 K and SR = 10–2.3–10–2 s−1, 1325–1373 K and SR = 10–1.4–10–1 s−1 & 1173–1193 K andSR = 10–1.3–10–1.55 s−1. Finally, the stable and unstable regimes in the processing maps are correlated with the microstructureof hot deformed samples.

Study of fertility restoration and genetic diversity of drought-tolerant breeding lines for hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) development

Singh Vijayata,Priyadarshi Rahul,Singh Akhilesh Kumar,Jain Abhinav 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.1

The identifcation of fertility restoration and genetic diversity of drought-tolerant breeding lines will be useful for the development of promising drought-tolerant rice hybrids. The extent of genetic variation of 204 drought-tolerant breeding lines based on the coefcient of parentage (COP) and test crossing with IR 58025A is studied. The linked molecular markers to Rf genes were screened on identifed maintainers and restorers. The average value of COP for 204 drought-tolerant breeding lines was 0.21, which indicates genetic divergence in breeding lines. Four major groups comprising of 81 IR 64 type, 37 Apo type, 28 Vandana type, 6 WAB type and 52 others were identifed. Out of 204 breeding lines, 37 (18.14%) maintainers, 55 (26.96%) partial maintainers, 63 (30.88%) partial restorers and 49 (24.02%) restorers were identifed. Rf genes linked molecular markers RM7466 and RM443 on chr. 1; RM6344 on chr. 7 and RM6100, RM1108, RM216, RM171 and RM244 on chr. 10 were found associated with restorers and maintainers. These Rf genes linked molecular markers might be furthermore used in marker-assisted restorer selection in cytoplasmic male sterile-WA system from large source nurseries to avoid usual test crosses in the hybrid rice development programme. The identifed restorer and maintainers may be used for the development of high-yielding drought-tolerant rice hybrids.

Assessment of mechanical allodynia in healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth: a clinical study

Patankar Vaishnavi Ratnakar,Jain Ashish K,Rao Rahul D,Rao Prajakta R 대한치과보존학회 2024 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.49 No.3

Objectives The present study investigated the prevalence of mechanical allodynia (MA) in healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 114 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in permanent mandibular first molars who possessed healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth. The mechanical sensitivity of the teeth was determined by percussion testing. The presence or absence of pain on percussion in the teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth and the tooth distal to the contralateral symmetrical tooth was recorded according to coding criteria. The prevalence of MA was computed as a percentage, and binary logistic regression analysis was done. The Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for binary and ordinal data. Results Age and sex did not influence the prevalence of MA. An increased prevalence of MA was found in patients with higher levels of spontaneous pain (p < 0.001). The prevalence of allodynia was 57% in teeth adjacent to endodontically diseased teeth and 10.5% in teeth contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth. In addition, on the ipsilateral side, there were more painful sensations distal to the diseased tooth than mesially. Conclusions Despite being disease-free, teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth exhibited pain on percussion. There was a direct association between the severity of the patient’s pain and the presence of MA. Objectives The present study investigated the prevalence of mechanical allodynia (MA) in healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 114 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in permanent mandibular first molars who possessed healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth. The mechanical sensitivity of the teeth was determined by percussion testing. The presence or absence of pain on percussion in the teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth and the tooth distal to the contralateral symmetrical tooth was recorded according to coding criteria. The prevalence of MA was computed as a percentage, and binary logistic regression analysis was done. The Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for binary and ordinal data. Results Age and sex did not influence the prevalence of MA. An increased prevalence of MA was found in patients with higher levels of spontaneous pain (p < 0.001). The prevalence of allodynia was 57% in teeth adjacent to endodontically diseased teeth and 10.5% in teeth contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth. In addition, on the ipsilateral side, there were more painful sensations distal to the diseased tooth than mesially. Conclusions Despite being disease-free, teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth exhibited pain on percussion. There was a direct association between the severity of the patient’s pain and the presence of MA.

Complete Bony Segment Flap Failure without Skin Paddle Compromise in Fibular Free Flap: A Case Report of a Rare Early Complication

Hardeep Singh,Ankit Jain,Rahul Jain,Sanjay Mahendru,Rakesh Kumar Khazanchi 대한창상학회 2023 Journal of Wound Management and Research Vol.19 No.1

The free fibula flap is sometimes associated with partial flap loss. A 62-year-old man with squamous carcinoma of the lower alveolus underwent anterior arch resection and reconstruction with a fibula osteocutaneous flap containing three bony segments. There were two perforators in the skin flap; the first perforator was proximal to the bony segments and the other perforator was at the level of the middle segment. Atherosclerosis was observed in the anastomotic vessels. During surgery, thrombosis occurred in the arterial anastomosis, but was revised before the operation was over. The patient’s early postoperative course was uneventful. In the second week, purulent discharge was observed from the drains. Flap exploration showed devascularization of bony segments and periosteum, but the skin paddle was viable. The peroneal vessel had thrombosed distal to the takeoff of the proximal perforator and the viable skin paddle perfused by proximal perforators falsely indicated the well-being of underlying bones. The de-vascularized bones and sloughed periosteum were removed at the time of exploration, after which the skin paddle was reoriented for coverage of the defect. The patient completed chemoradiation without any bony reconstruction afterwards. This is the only reported case of early total bony flap portion loss with a viable skin paddle in free fibula flap transfer.

Eco-friendly Solventless Synthesis of 5-Indolylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidinones and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Ragini Gupta,Anshu Jain,Rahul Joshi,Meenakshi Jain 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.3

A series of 5-indolylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidinones (4a-h) were obtained by multi-component reaction of 3-formylindole (1), thiobarbituric acid/barbituric acid (2) and thiourea/urea (3) under microwave irradiation in dry media. Secondly, grinding together neat reactants also gave the titled compounds in good yields. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR and Mass). Representative compounds were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at different concentrations. Some of the compounds showed promising activity.