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      • Transmission dynamics, molecular identification, and genomic characterization of lumpy skin disease virus in Bangladesh

        Rahman Md Mafzur,Mohammad Minnatul Karim,Sang Jin Lim,Yeonsu Oh,Yung Chul Park 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2022 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

        The emerging infectious diseases, particularly viral infections in animals (zoonotic host species such as domestic, semi-domestic livestock, poultry, pets, bats and rodents), are major concern around the world. In Bangladesh, the most important animal viral diseases are Nipah virus (fruit bats), lumpy skin diseases virus (cattle and water buffalo), west nile virus (mosquito-borne), swine fever virus (pigs and wild boar), and many others. However, lumpy skin disease is one of viral diseases caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). LSDV is primarily spread by arthropod vectors such as flies, mosquitos, ticks and direct or indirect contact between infected and susceptible animals. Based on an economic loss analysis, the average loss per case due to LSDV was 9384.41 BDT (110.40 US $). The major losses have been accounted for it by treatment costs, extra management costs, lower animal selling prices, labor costs, and income loss resulting in lower milk yield. On September 15, 2019, OIE (World Organization for Animal Health) reported that the disease first appeared in the Southeast region of Bangladesh (Chattogram district), then progressively spread throughout the entire country. So far, six LSD outbreaks in Bangladesh have been documented with the clinical signs and collect samples for diagnostic confirmation. The genomic profile of LSDVs circulating in Bangladesh are unknown. The virus (LSDV) has a double-stranded DNA genome, which is about 151,000 bp in size, encoding approximately 156 proteins. The previous research finding that Bangladesh isolates differ from common LSDV field isolates encountered in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, as well as newly emerged LSDV variants in Russia and China, based on a phylogenetic analysis and detailed inspection of multiple sequence alignments. Finally, for biosecurity and management practices, transmission dynamics, continuous monitoring, and genomic characterization of circulating strains of LSDV should be prioritized.

      • The spread of lumpy skin disease in Asia

        Yung Chul Park,Sang Jin Lim,Rahman Md Mafzur,Van Tan Do,Tae Soo Chon,Yeonsu Oh 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2022 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

        Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a recent emerging bovine viral disease in Asia and can cause acute or subacute disease in cattle and water buffalo. The morphological feature of LSD-infected individuals is characterized by firm, slightly raised, circumscribed skin nodules of 2 to 7 cm in diameter on body parts such as the neck, legs, tail and back. The clinical symptom includes fever, inappetence, a reduction in milk production, nasal discharge, enlarged lymph nodes, and loss of body weight. LSD is transmitted primarily by arthropod vectors such as blood-feeding insects and ticks. In wildlife, the disease was reported in an Arabian oryx and seropositive wildlife for the LSDV includes African buffaloes, blue wildebeest, eland, giraffe, impala and greater kudu. However, the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of LSD is not yet well understood, perhaps because of the difficulty in monitoring the skin lesions. Since the first report of LSD in Bangladesh and China in July 2019. LSD seems to have spread over almost all divisions in Bangladesh by December 2019. In August 2019, the disease appeared in India and has spread to the southern part of India since January 2020. In June 2020 LSD appeared for the first time in the eastern part of Nepal. LSD recently continues to spread in the East and South Asian regions, including various provinces spanning South and East China, as well as Nepal, India and Bhutan. The recent rapid spread of disease in Asian countries indicates the importance of understanding the distribution routes and transmission vectors of LSD. The presentation is designed to provide existing information on the various aspects of the disease, focusing on current distribution, transmission vectors and the potential role of wildlife in the further spread of LSD.

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