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- 저자 : Rabia Akhtar (검색결과 3 건)
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Ejaz Syeda Rabia,Khan Muhammad Azhar,Gulbadan Shagufta,Akhtar Majid Niaz,Ahmad Mukhtar,Hussain Altaf,Islam Misbah ul 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.4
Co 2+ and Cr 3+ -substituted SrBaCu Fe 28- y O 46 X-type hexaferrite with x = y = 0, 0.1 to 0.5 (step = 0.1) were prepared Co Cr 2- x x y through auto-combustion sol–gel method and sintered at 1250 °C for 5 h which was found from thermal analysis. The thermal investigation, phase detection, spectral, magnetic, and dielectric characteristics of the prepared composition were investigated by TGA, XRD, FTIR, VSM, and dielectric measurement. XRD patterns of the entire composition confi rmed the development of a single phase of X-type structure. The enhancement in the lattice parameters and cell volume was observed by varying the Co–Cr concentration, attributed to the larger ionic radii substitution. FTIR\spectra of all samples exhibit two absorption peaks in the wavenumber range of 500–550 cm −1 and 418–425 cm −1 that confi rm the formation of hexaferrite. The dielectric properties have been inspected based on frequency and substitution variation in the sample. The dielectric constant exhibits the increasing trend with the Co–Cr ratio. The enhancement in Ac conductivity was also found by increased substitution ions. Single semi-circles were examined in Nyquist plots, attributed to the contribution of the grain boundaries. Detailed magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization, remanence, squareness ratio, coercivity, and magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant were measured. By the increase in Co–Cr substitution the increased of saturation magnetization ( Ms ) from 61.12 emu/g to 64.89 emu/g, the remanence ( Mr ) from 27.43 emu/g to 30.71 emu/g, and coercivity ( H c ) from 1654.56 Oe to 1863.54 Oe was found. Therefore, the synthesized SrBaCu 2 X-type hexagonal ferrites with the appropriate amount of Co–Cr substitution are suitable candidates for microwave devices and valuable in longitudinal recording media.
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A Survey of Application Layer Protocols of Internet of Things
bibi, Nawab,Iqbal, Faiza,Akhtar, Salwa Muhammad,Anwar, Rabia,bibi, Shamshad International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.11
The technological advancements of the last two decades directed the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT enables billions of devices to connect through the internet and share their information and resources on a global level. These devices can be anything, from smartphones to embedded sensors. The main purpose of IoT is to make devices capable of achieving the desired goal with minimal to no human intervention. Although it hascome as a social and economic blessing, it still brought forward many security risks. This paper focuses on providing a survey of the most commonly used application layer protocols in the IoT domain, namely, Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), and Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). MQTT, AMQP, and XMPP use TCP for device-to-device communication, while CoAP utilizes UDP to achieve this purpose. MQTT and AMQP are based on a publish/subscribe model, CoAP uses the request/reply model for its structuring. In addition to this, the quality of service provision of MQTT, AMQP, and CoAP is not very high, especially when the deliverance of messages is concerned. The selection of protocols for each application is very a tedious task.This survey discusses the architectures, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of each of these protocols. The main contribution of this work is to describe each of the aforementioned application protocols in detail as well as providing their thorough comparative analysis. This survey will be helpful to the developers in selecting the protocol ideal for their system and/or application.
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Irradiation applications for polymer nano-composites: A state-of-the-art review
Muhammad Jawwad Saif,Muhammad Naveed,Hafiz Muhammad Asif,Rabia Akhtar 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.60 No.-
In recent years, irradiation treatment has emerged as a popular technique for modification of nanostructures in fabrication of high performance polymer composites. The conventional modification methods typically involve expensive chemicals, difficult processing techniques and specialized chemistry. However, the irradiation treatment is considered simple, rapid and “green” technique that operates under ambient conditions and the product is free of residual initiators and modifiers. Such modifications develop strong interfacial matrix-nanostructure interactions and exhibit notable advantages as compared to chemical approaches. High energy radiations have beneficial effects for tailoring structure and properties of nano-systems with high precision. The irradiation processes, mechanisms, strategies and composites are reviewed in this article along with the potential applications and future challenges.
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