http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
R.Murray, Thomas 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육학과 1966 교육 연구 Vol.- No.28
가르치는 과정은 4개의 기본적인 단계로 구성된다. 즉 철학, 목적, 방법과 평가등이다. 1. 개인의 철학은 곧 인생에 대한 신념은 무엇인가 라는 질문에 대한 답이다. 2. 교육자는 그가 인생에 대해 믿는 바에서 교육에 대한 목적을 유도해낸다. 목적이란 다음과 같다. 즉 인생에 대해서 가르칠 만한 평가내용은 무엇이며 가르칠 시기는 언제인가?
Thomas R Williamson,Patrick G Robinson,Iain R Murray,Andrew D Murray,Julie M McBirnie,C Michael Robinson,Deborah J MacDonald,Nicholas D Clement 대한견주관절의학회 2023 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.26 No.2
Background: Golf is a popular sport involving overhead activity and engagement of the rotator cuff (RC). This study aimed to determine to what level golfers were able to return to golf following RC repair, the barriers to them returning to golf and factors associated with their failure to return to golf. Methods: Patients preoperatively identifying as golfers undergoing RC repair at the study centre from 2012 to 2020 were retrospectively followed up with to assess their golf-playing status, performance and frequency of play and functional and quality of life (QoL) outcomes. Results: Forty-seven golfers (40 men [85.1%] and 7 women [14.9%]) with a mean age of 56.8 years met the inclusion criteria, and 80.1% were followed up with at a mean of 27.1 months postoperatively. Twenty-nine patients (76.3%) had returned to golf with a mean handicap change of +1.0 (P=0.291). Golf frequency decreased from a mean of 1.8 rounds per week preinjury to 1.5 rounds per week postoperatively (P=0.052). The EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) index and visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) score were significantly greater in those returning to golf (P=0.024 and P=0.002), although functional outcome measures were not significantly different. The primary barriers to return were ipsilateral shoulder dysfunction (78%) and loss of the habit of play (22%). Conclusions: Golfers were likely (76%) to return to golf following RC repair, including mostly to their premorbid performance level with little residual symptomatology. Return to golf was associated with a greater QoL. Persistent subjective shoulder dysfunction (78%) was the most common barrier to returning to golf.
The Human Microbiome Project: Beginning and Future Status
Patrick R. Murray 대한임상미생물학회 2013 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.16 No.4
In 1884 Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler published Koch’s Postulates defining our historical understanding of the relationship between an organism and infection: one organism: one disease. In the last decade with research on the microbial community living on and in humans, a new concept of microbial diseases has emerged; that is, alterations of the microbial community can lead to disease including an extension beyond traditional “infectious” diseases to include metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. As we continue to gain knowledge about the functions of the normal microbiome and the effects of alterations of the microbial population on disease pathogenesis, a new era of diagnostics and therapeutics will evolve.
Modelling Spatially Regulated <i>β</i>-Catenin Dynamics and Invasion in Intestinal Crypts
Murray, Philip J.,Kang, Jun-Won,Mirams, Gary R.,Shin, Sung-Young,Byrne, Helen M.,Maini, Philip K.,Cho, Kwang-Hyun Elsevier 2010 Biophysical journal Vol.99 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Experimental data (e.g., genetic lineage and cell population studies) on intestinal crypts reveal that regulatory features of crypt behavior, such as control via morphogen gradients, are remarkably well conserved among numerous organisms (e.g., from mouse and rat to human) and throughout the different regions of the small and large intestines. In this article, we construct a partial differential equation model of a single colonic crypt that describes the spatial distribution of Wnt pathway proteins along the crypt axis. The novelty of our continuum model is that it is based upon assumptions that can be directly related to processes at the cellular and subcellular scales. We use the model to predict how the distributions of Wnt pathway proteins are affected by mutations. The model is then extended to investigate how mutant cell populations can invade neighboring crypts. The model simulations suggest that cell crowding caused by increased proliferation and decreased cell loss may be sufficient for a mutant cell population to colonize a neighboring healthy crypt.</P>