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A Related Fixed Point Theorem on Three Metric Spaces
R. K. Jain ...et al. KYUNGPOOK UNIVERSITY 1996 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.36 No.1
A new related fixed point theorem on three metric spaces is prove.
Electron-Electron Interactions based Metal-Insulator Transition in Ga Doped ZnO Thin Films
R V Muniswami Naidu,A Subrahmanyam,A Verger,M K Jain,S V N Bhaskara Rao,S N Jha,D M Phase 대한금속·재료학회 2012 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.8 No.4
We report on the charge carrier transport mechanisms of undoped and Ga doped (2 wt. % and 4 wt. %)ZnO thin films grown by pulsed dc magnetron sputtering technique. Temperature dependent resistivity measurements showed typical semiconducting behaviour for undoped ZnO thin films where as Ga doped ZnO thin films showed metallic nature at higher temperatures and insulating nature with a metal to insulator transition at lower temperatures. The observed transition temperatures are 91 K and 140 K for 2 wt. % and 4 wt. %Ga doped ZnO films respectively. The observed metal insulator transition is attributed to the electron-electron interactions at low temperatures. The variations in the transition temperatures are explained based on the disorderness induced in the system due to the doping effect. ZnO doped with 4 wt. % Ga showed the lowest resistivity of 5.7 × 10−4Ω cm with a carrier concentration of 1.2 × 1021/cm3. Undoped and doped ZnO thin films are about 90% transparent in the visible region. Blue shift is observed in the absorption edge with the effect of doping and it is explained based on B-M shift. The Fermi level measured from valance band spectroscopy showed a shift of +0.6 eV for 2 wt. % Ga doped ZnO thin film and +0.7 eV for 4 wt. %Ga doped ZnO thin film compared to the Fermi edge of undoped ZnO thin films. This ascertains the movement of Fermi level in to the conduction band with the effect of doping.
Reheating in tachyonic inflationary models: Effects on the large scale curvature perturbations
Jain, R.K.,Chingangbam, P.,Sriramkumar, L. North Holland 2011 Nuclear Physics, Section B Vol.852 No.2
We investigate the problem of perturbative reheating and its effects on the evolution of the curvature perturbations in tachyonic inflationary models. We derive the equations governing the evolution of the scalar perturbations for a system consisting of a tachyon and a perfect fluid. Assuming the perfect fluid to be radiation, we solve the coupled equations for the system numerically and study the evolution of the perturbations from the sub-Hubble to the super-Hubble scales. In particular, we analyze the effects of the transition from tachyon driven inflation to the radiation dominated epoch on the evolution of the large scale curvature and non-adiabatic pressure perturbations. We consider two different potentials to describe the tachyon and study the effects of two possible types of decay of the tachyon into radiation. We plot the spectrum of curvature perturbations at the end of inflation as well as at the early stages of the radiation dominated epoch. We find that reheating does not affect the amplitude of the curvature perturbations in any of these cases. These results corroborate similar conclusions that have been arrived at earlier based on the study of the evolution of the perturbations in the super-Hubble limit. We illustrate that, before the transition to the radiation dominated epoch, the relative non-adiabatic pressure perturbation between the tachyon and radiation decays in a fashion very similar to that of the intrinsic entropy perturbation associated with the tachyon. Moreover, we show that, after the transition, the relative non-adiabatic pressure perturbation dies down extremely rapidly during the early stages of the radiation dominated epoch. It is these behavior which ensure that the amplitude of the curvature perturbations remain unaffected during reheating. We also discuss the corresponding results for the popular chaotic inflation model in the case of the canonical scalar field.
Studies of hypro-mellose (HPMC) functionalized ZnS:Mn fluorescent quantum dots
Jain, A.,Jain, A.,Panwar, S.,Singh, R.,Singhal, M.,Sharma, J. K.,Ahuja, R.,Jeon, H. C.,Kang, T. W.,Kumar, S. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Journal of materials science. Materials in electro Vol.28 No.2
<P>Fluorescent ZnS:Mn quantum dots coated with hypro-mellose (HPMC) were synthesized by using simple and facile chemical precipitation technique in which HPMC acts as a novel organic surfactant to passivate the surface, to tune the optical properties and also to functionalize the surface of quantum dot for a futuristic controlled drug release applications. Morphological and optical characterizations were done to see the effect of HPMC coating on ZnS: Mn quantum dots. Structural and morphological studies was done by using XRD and TEM respectively. XRD studies confirms the pure zinc blende phase for all the samples. TEM studies shows that HPMC is efficiently doing the surface passivation in doped quantum dots. Optical studies were done by using UV-visible, FTIR and time resolved photoluminescence. UV-visible studies shows that quantum confinement effect is more prominent and also tunable in case of HPMC coated manganese doped ZnS quantum dots. FTIR studies confirms the functionalization of HPMC on the surface of doped ZnS quantum dots. Laser induced time resolved photoluminescence studies were also done to see the effect of HPMC on the photoluminescence intensity of doped quantum dots. Time resolved studies clearly shows the much desired luminescence stability of the HPMC coated quantum dots. It is observed that both the structural and optical characteristics have strong dependence on capping concentration. As HPMC is a very important viscoelastic polymer and organic surfactant used in various types of drug formulations, these studies opens a new way in the area of efficient drug delivery, controlled drug release and targeting.</P>
Singh, Rani,Jain, Preeti,Pandey, N.K.,Saxena, V.K.,Saxena, M.,Singh, K.B.,Ahmed, K.A.,Singh, R.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.7
In the present study, the impact of Salmonella Typhimurium on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was investigated in 5 week-old immuno divergent broiler lines selected for the high and low response to phytohemagglutinin-P. The immune response was assessed in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) induced with Salmonella Typhimurium at different time intervals (0 h, 0.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h). The differential mRNA expression patterns of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-2 and iNOS were evaluated by quantitative real time PCR. In-vitro production of nitric oxide (NO) was also estimated in the culture supernatant and correlated with iNOS mRNA expression. Present study showed higher production of NO in the high cell-mediated line (HCMI) as compared to the low cell-mediated line (LCMI) upon stimulation with Salmonella Typhimurium. Correspondingly, higher mRNA expression of iNOS and IFN-${\gamma}$ were observed in high response birds (HCMI); but IL-2 was down regulated in this line compared to the low response birds (LCMI). Significantly (p<0.05) higher expression of iNOS, IFN-${\gamma}$ and higher production of NO in high line indicated that the selection for PHA-P response might be employed for increasing the immune competence against Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken flocks.
Measurements of Cesium Radioisotopes in Cesium Compounds
Y.D.Kim,U.K.Kang,J.M.Choi,H.K.Jang,R.K.Jain,S.C.Kim,S.K.Kim,T.Y.Kim,이현수,S.E.Lee,H.Park,I.H.Park,원은일,H.S.Won,H.Y.Yang,M.S.Yang,M.J.Hwang,H.J.Kim,Y.J.Kwon,J.H.Lee,I.S.Cho,D.H.Choi,S.H.Noh,I.T.Yu,J.H.Kim 한국물리학회 2002 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.40 No.3
We have measured impurity levels of radioactive isotopes, especially 137Cs and 134Cs , in various cesium compounds using HPGe detectors for the rst time. The 137Cs contamination levels of cesium iodide (CsI) powder samples that are commercially available were between 9.7 mBq/kg and 80 mBq/kg. With these levels of the contamination, 137Cs will be the most serious background source in the low energy region E < 100 keV for CsI crystal. An upper limit of the 137Cs contamination level in pollucite powder, from which CsI powders are extracted, was set to be 5.8 mBq/kg at a 90 % condence level. It should be possible to fabricate the CsI crystal with much less 137Cs contamination than the currently available CsI crystal.