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Daniel, D. Joseph,Ramasamy, P.,Ramaseshan, R.,Kim, H.J.,Kim, Sunghwan,Bhagavannarayana, G.,Cheon, Jong-Kyu Elsevier 2017 Optical materials Vol.72 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Polycrystalline compounds of LiBaF<SUB>3</SUB> were synthesized using conventional solid state reaction route and the phase purity was confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction technique. Using vertical Bridgman technique single crystal was grown from melt. Rocking curve measurements have been carried out to study the structural perfection of the grown crystal. The single peak of diffraction curve clearly reveals that the grown crystal was free from the structural grain boundaries. The low temperature thermoluminescence of the X-ray irradiated sample has been analyzed and found four distinguishable peaks having maximum temperatures at 18, 115, 133 and 216 K. Activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s) for the individual peaks have been studied using Peak shape method and the computerized curve fitting method combining with the T<SUB>max</SUB> <B>-</B> T<SUB>Stop</SUB> procedure. Nanoindentation technique was employed to study the mechanical behaviour of the crystal. The indentation modulus and Vickers hardness of the grown crystal have values of 135.15 GPa and 680.81 respectively, under the maximum indentation load of 10 mN.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The LiBaF<SUB>3</SUB> Single crystal was grown from the melt by using the Bridgman technique. </LI> <LI> Structural perfection was monitored by HRXRD analysis. </LI> <LI> Trap centers were analyzed by Low temperature thermoluminescence spectra. </LI> <LI> Kinetic parameters have been studied by using various standard methods. </LI> </UL> </P>
Daniel R. Schmitt,Cameron Killen,Michael Murphy,Michael Perry,Joseph Romano,Nicholas Brown 대한정형외과학회 2020 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.12 No.3
Background: Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) is commonly used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), especially among high-risk patients. While previous studies have reported on the efficacy of ALBC in reducing the rate of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), its impact on antibiotic resistance has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance among organisms causing PJIs after TKA in which ALBC was utilized. Methods: A retrospective review from December 1998 through December 2017 identified 36 PJIs that met inclusion criteria. Patients with culture-negative infection and unknown cement type were excluded. Patient characteristics, infecting organism, and antibiotic susceptibilities were recorded. ABLC included an aminoglycoside in all cases. Results: There was no difference in the type of PJI between the 2 groups. Staphylococcus species was the most commonly isolated, with 9 of 16 cases (56.3%) using non-ALBC and 14 of 20 (65.0%) cases using ALBC. Of those infected with Staphylococcus , there was no significant difference in antibiotic susceptibilities between groups. Overall, there were only 3 cases where the infecting organism was aminoglycoside resistant (standard cement, 1; ALBC, 2). Conclusions: These results suggest that the use of ALBC does not increase the risk of antibiotic resistance or affect the pattern of infection, even as the use of ALBC continues to increase, particularly among high-risk patients.
R. Venkatesan,R. Joseph Daniel,P. Shanmugaraja 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.1
Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) have lived to see its significant technological improvement for various display applications in recent years. Carbon nanotube (CNT) based TFT technologies have been found to be a promising component for next generation flexible electronics and flat panel displays in view of CNTs high carrier mobility, device stability and mechanical flexibility. However, the design of CNT-TFT is still not well established, especially with a view to achieve the best performance still protecting thermal stability. In this study, the authors had analysed the device structure and operation of transistor in which carbon nanotubes act as active channel region. CNT-TFT with different device geometrics and CNT physical parameters such as channel length, channel width, CNT tube length, network density and its orientation have been extensively studied using NanoNet simulation tool. This study has thrown new insight into the device performance characteristics of CNT-TFTs. The results show that it is essential to fix the length of the channel more than 5 μm for restricting the device temperature at 300 K and it can be brought down as low as 3 μm if the maximum operating temperature can be 400 K. Comparison with already reported experimental results show that the TFT parameters returned by the simulation experiments and presented in this paper match closely.
Kim, Sungwoo,Marshall, Ashley R.,Kroupa, Daniel M.,Miller, Elisa M.,Luther, Joseph M.,Jeong, Sohee,Beard, Matthew C. American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.8
<P>We developed a single step, cation-exchange reaction that produces air-stable PbSe quantum dots (QDs) from ZnSe QDs and PbX<SUB>2</SUB> (X = Cl, Br, or I) precursors. The resulting PbSe QDs are terminated with halide anions and contain residual Zn cations. We characterized the PbSe QDs using UV–vis–NIR absorption, photoluminescence quantum yield spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Solar cells fabricated from these PbSe QDs obtained an overall best power conversion efficiency of 6.47% at one sun illumination. The solar cell performance without encapsulation remains unchanged for over 50 days in ambient conditions; and after 50 days, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory certification team certified the device at 5.9%.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2015/ancac3.2015.9.issue-8/acsnano.5b02326/production/images/medium/nn-2015-02326t_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn5b02326'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Symonds, Erin L,Pedersen, Susanne,Cole, Stephen R,Massolino, Joseph,Byrne, Daniel,Guy, John,Backhouse, Patricia,Fraser, Robert J,LaPointe, Lawrence,Young, Graeme P Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18
Background: Poor participation rates are often observed in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs utilising faecal occult blood tests. This may be from dislike of faecal sampling, or having benign bleeding conditions that can interfere with test results. These barriers may be circumvented by offering a blood-based DNA test for screening. The aim was to determine if program participation could be increased by offering a blood test following faecal immunochemical test (FIT) non-participation. Materials and Methods: People were invited into a CRC screening study through their General Practice and randomised into control or intervention (n=600/group). Both groups were mailed a FIT (matching conventional screening programs). Participation was defined as FIT completion within 12wk. Intervention group non-participants were offered a screening blood test (methylated BCAT1/IKZF1). Overall participation was compared between the groups. Results: After 12wk, FIT participation was 82% and 81% in the control and intervention groups. In the intervention 96 FIT nonparticipants were offered the blood test - 22 completed this test and 19 completed the FIT instead. Total screening in the intervention group was greater than the control (88% vs 82%, p<0.01). Of 12 invitees who indicated that FIT was inappropriate for them (mainly due to bleeding conditions), 10 completed the blood test (83%). Conclusions: Offering a blood test to FIT non-participants increased overall screening participation compared to a conventional FIT program. Blood test participation was particularly high in invitees who considered FIT to be inappropriate for them. A blood test may be a useful adjunct test within a FIT program.
Small-molecule activation of procaspase-3 to caspase-3 as a personalized anticancer strategy
Putt, Karson S,Chen, Grace W,Pearson, Jennifer M,Sandhorst, Joseph S,Hoagland, Martin S,Kwon, Jung-Taek,Hwang, Soon-Kyung,Jin, Hua,Churchwell, Mona I,Cho, Myung-Haing,Doerge, Daniel R,Helferich, Willi NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2006 NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY Vol.2 No.10
Mutation and aberrant expression of apoptotic proteins are hallmarks of cancer. These changes prevent proapoptotic signals from being transmitted to executioner caspases, thereby averting apoptotic death and allowing cellular proliferation. Caspase-3 is the key executioner caspase, and it exists as an inactive zymogen that is activated by upstream signals. Notably, concentrations of procaspase-3 in certain cancerous cells are significantly higher than those in noncancerous controls. Here we report the identification of a small molecule (PAC-1) that directly activates procaspase-3 to caspase-3 in vitro and induces apoptosis in cancerous cells isolated from primary colon tumors in a manner directly proportional to the concentration of procaspase-3 inside these cells. We found that PAC-1 retarded the growth of tumors in three different mouse models of cancer, including two models in which PAC-1 was administered orally. PAC-1 is the first small molecule known to directly activate procaspase-3 to caspase-3, a transformation that allows induction of apoptosis even in cells that have defective apoptotic machinery. The direct activation of executioner caspases is an anticancer strategy that may prove beneficial in treating the many cancers in which procaspase-3 concentrations are elevated.