Variants of non-symmetric correspondence analysis for nominal and ordinal variables

Jain Riya R.,Kamalja Kirtee K. 한국통계학회 2024 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.53 No.2

Non-symmetric correspondence analysis (NSCA) is a multivariate data analysis technique that has gained increasing attention in recent years. NSCA is an extension of traditional correspondence analysis that allows for the analysis of asymmetric association between two or more categorical variables. NSCA involves graphically depicting the one-way relationship between variables cross classified in a contin- gency table through a biplot. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the popular approaches of NSCA developed over the years. Some fundamental varia- tions in the family of NSCA such as Simple NSCA, Doubly Ordered NSCA, Sin- gly Ordered NSCA, Three-way Nominal NSCA, Triply Ordered NSCA etc. are dis- cussed thoroughly. A systematic step-by-step algorithms for each variant of NSCA and their demonstrations are neatly presented. Further a summary of NSCA variants in literature, the concise tabular presentation of R-packages developed for variants of CA/NSCA and a collection of variety of datasets where NSCA is performed are the key features of the paper. Moreover, we compare and contrast the method of NSCA with multinomial logistic regression (MNLR) to discuss some disparities between both the approaches. The paper aims to provide the theoretical, practical and computational issues of NSCA in structured manner and to highlight the further challenges with reference to NSCA.

On the Laplace Transform and the Generalized Weyl Fractional Integral Operator Involving the H-function

S. P. Goyal,R. Mukherjee,R. Jain 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2004 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.44 No.4

In the present paper, we establish a general theorem exhibiting a relationship existing between the Laplace transform and the generalized Weyl fractional integral operator (FIO) of related functions. This theorem is very general in nature and involves a multidimensional series with essentially arbitrary sequence of complex numbers. By suitably assigning different values to these sequences, one can easily evaluate the generalized Weyl fractional integral operator of special functions of several variables. References of known results which follow as special cases of our theorem are also cited. We have obtained here as applications of the theorem, the generalized Weyl fractional integral of(Srivastava-Daoust) generalized Lauricella function which gives a number of results involving special functions of one or more variables merely by specializing the parameters. The results recently obtained by R. Jain and M. A. Pathan and S. P. Goyal and Ritu Goyal,etc. follow as special cases of our main findings.

Reheating in tachyonic inflationary models: Effects on the large scale curvature perturbations

Jain, R.K.,Chingangbam, P.,Sriramkumar, L. North Holland 2011 Nuclear Physics, Section B Vol.852 No.2

We investigate the problem of perturbative reheating and its effects on the evolution of the curvature perturbations in tachyonic inflationary models. We derive the equations governing the evolution of the scalar perturbations for a system consisting of a tachyon and a perfect fluid. Assuming the perfect fluid to be radiation, we solve the coupled equations for the system numerically and study the evolution of the perturbations from the sub-Hubble to the super-Hubble scales. In particular, we analyze the effects of the transition from tachyon driven inflation to the radiation dominated epoch on the evolution of the large scale curvature and non-adiabatic pressure perturbations. We consider two different potentials to describe the tachyon and study the effects of two possible types of decay of the tachyon into radiation. We plot the spectrum of curvature perturbations at the end of inflation as well as at the early stages of the radiation dominated epoch. We find that reheating does not affect the amplitude of the curvature perturbations in any of these cases. These results corroborate similar conclusions that have been arrived at earlier based on the study of the evolution of the perturbations in the super-Hubble limit. We illustrate that, before the transition to the radiation dominated epoch, the relative non-adiabatic pressure perturbation between the tachyon and radiation decays in a fashion very similar to that of the intrinsic entropy perturbation associated with the tachyon. Moreover, we show that, after the transition, the relative non-adiabatic pressure perturbation dies down extremely rapidly during the early stages of the radiation dominated epoch. It is these behavior which ensure that the amplitude of the curvature perturbations remain unaffected during reheating. We also discuss the corresponding results for the popular chaotic inflation model in the case of the canonical scalar field.

A Related Fixed Point Theorem on Three Metric Spaces

R. K. Jain ...et al. KYUNGPOOK UNIVERSITY 1996 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.36 No.1

A new related fixed point theorem on three metric spaces is prove.

Homogenization based continuum damage mechanics model for monotonic and cyclic damage evolution in 3D composites

Jain, Jayesh R.,Ghosh, Somnath Techno-Press 2008 Interaction and multiscale mechanics Vol.1 No.2

This paper develops a 3D homogenization based continuum damage mechanics (HCDM) model for fiber reinforced composites undergoing micromechanical damage under monotonic and cyclic loading. Micromechanical damage in a representative volume element (RVE) of the material occurs by fiber-matrix interfacial debonding, which is incorporated in the model through a hysteretic bilinear cohesive zone model. The proposed model expresses a damage evolution surface in the strain space in the principal damage coordinate system or PDCS. PDCS enables the model to account for the effect of non-proportional load history. The loading/unloading criterion during cyclic loading is based on the scalar product of the strain increment and the normal to the damage surface in strain space. The material constitutive law involves a fourth order orthotropic tensor with stiffness characterized as a macroscopic internal variable. Three dimensional damage in composites is accounted for through functional forms of the fourth order damage tensor in terms of components of macroscopic strain and elastic stiffness tensors. The HCDM model parameters are calibrated from homogenization of micromechanical solutions of the RVE for a few representative strain histories. The proposed model is validated by comparing results of the HCDM model with pure micromechanical analysis results followed by homogenization. Finally, the potential of HCDM model as a design tool is demonstrated through macro-micro analysis of monotonic and cyclic damage progression in composite structures.

Studies of hypro-mellose (HPMC) functionalized ZnS:Mn fluorescent quantum dots

Jain, A.,Jain, A.,Panwar, S.,Singh, R.,Singhal, M.,Sharma, J. K.,Ahuja, R.,Jeon, H. C.,Kang, T. W.,Kumar, S. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Journal of materials science. Materials in electro Vol.28 No.2

<P>Fluorescent ZnS:Mn quantum dots coated with hypro-mellose (HPMC) were synthesized by using simple and facile chemical precipitation technique in which HPMC acts as a novel organic surfactant to passivate the surface, to tune the optical properties and also to functionalize the surface of quantum dot for a futuristic controlled drug release applications. Morphological and optical characterizations were done to see the effect of HPMC coating on ZnS: Mn quantum dots. Structural and morphological studies was done by using XRD and TEM respectively. XRD studies confirms the pure zinc blende phase for all the samples. TEM studies shows that HPMC is efficiently doing the surface passivation in doped quantum dots. Optical studies were done by using UV-visible, FTIR and time resolved photoluminescence. UV-visible studies shows that quantum confinement effect is more prominent and also tunable in case of HPMC coated manganese doped ZnS quantum dots. FTIR studies confirms the functionalization of HPMC on the surface of doped ZnS quantum dots. Laser induced time resolved photoluminescence studies were also done to see the effect of HPMC on the photoluminescence intensity of doped quantum dots. Time resolved studies clearly shows the much desired luminescence stability of the HPMC coated quantum dots. It is observed that both the structural and optical characteristics have strong dependence on capping concentration. As HPMC is a very important viscoelastic polymer and organic surfactant used in various types of drug formulations, these studies opens a new way in the area of efficient drug delivery, controlled drug release and targeting.</P>

Evaluation of Outcome of Transpedicular Decompression and Instrumented Fusion in Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Tuberculosis

Akshay Jain,R.K. Jain,Vivek Kiyawat 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.1

Study Design: Retrospective analysis. Purpose: We evaluated the functional, neurological, and radiological outcome in patients with thoracic and thoracolumbar tuberculosis operated through the transpedicular approach. Overview of Literature: For surgical treatment of thoracic and thoracolumbar tuberculosis, the anterior approach has been the most popular because it allows direct access to the infected tissue, thereby providing good decompression. However, anterior fixation is not strong, and graft failure and loss of correction are frequent complications. The transpedicular approach allows circumferential decompression of neural elements along with three-column fixation attained via pedicle screws by the same approach. Methods: A total of 47 patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis of the thoracic or thoracolumbar region from August 2012 to August 2013. Of these, 28 patients had progressive neurological deterioration or increasing back pain despite conservative measures and underwent transpedicular decompression and pedicle screw fixation with posterior fusion. Antituberculosis therapy was given till signs of radiological healing were evident (9–16 months). Functional outcome (visual analog scale [VAS] score for back pain), neurological recovery (Frankel grading), and radiological improvement were evaluated preoperatively, immediate postoperatively, and at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Results: Mean VAS score for back pain improved from 8.7 preoperatively to 1.1 at 1 year follow-up. Frankel grading preoperatively was grade B in 7, grade C in 11, and Grade D in 10 patients, which improved to grade D in 6 and grade E in 22 patients at the last follow-up. Radiological healing was evident in the form of reappearance of trabeculae formation, resolution of pus, fatty marrow replacement, and bony fusion in all patients. Mean correction of segmental kyphosis postoperatively was 10.5°. Mean loss of correction at final follow-up was 4.1°. Conclusions: Transpedicular decompression with instrumented fusion is a safe and effective approach for management of patients with thoracic and thoracolumbar tuberculosis.

Association of Pedilanthus leaf curl virus and Satellites With Carrot (Daucus carota) in India

Saritha, R. K.,Shrawan, S.,Kalia, P.,Jain, R. K.,Baranwal, V. K. AMERICAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2017 Plant Disease Vol.101 No.5

Influence of large-scale variations in convective available potential energy (CAPE) and solar cycle over temperature in the tropopause region at Delhi (28.3°N, 77.1°E), Kolkata (22.3°N, 88.2°E), Cochin (10°N, 77°E), and Trivandrum (8.5°N, 77.0°E)

Dhaka, S.K.,Sapra, R.,Panwar, V.,Goel, A.,Bhatnagar, R.,Kaur, M.,Mandal, T.K.,Jain, A.R.,Chun, H.-Y. TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY 2010 EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE Vol.62 No.3

Malonyl Amino Acids and Their Esters as Psychoactive Agents I

Jain, Dilip,Tripathi, Meena,Kohli, D.V.,Uppadhyay, R.K. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1992 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.15 No.2

Malonic acid amides were synthesized using different amino acids and their esters. THe synthesized compounds were evaluated for their sedative activity on rats. Potentiating effect of all the compounds on pentobarbitone induced sleep on rats was observed. Plasma protein binding studies were also carried out and it was observed that the synthesized compounds have low plasma protein binding as compared to barbiturates.