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        Fabrication of visible-light-active ZnCr mixed metal oxide/fly ash for photocatalytic activity toward pharmaceutical waste ciprofloxacin

        Chitiphon Chuaicham,Takumi Inoue,Vellaichamy Balakumar,Quanzhi Tian,Keiko Sasaki 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.108 No.-

        Visible active photocatalysts have attracted interest as a potentially efficient and sustainable approach forpollutant degradation treatment. In this work, ZnCr mixed metal oxide/fly ash (ZnCr-MMO/FA) compositeswere prepared using fly ash (FA) from China coal mining power plants to improve photocatalytic performance. The formation of the ZnCr-MMO/FA composites was proved by XRD results which showed thetwo-phases combination of FA and MMO. Also, the presence of FA in the ZnCr-MMO/FA composite provideda good arrangement of small particles of ZnCr-MMO on the surface of FA and higher light absorptionability with a lower energy bandgap compared with the pure ZnCr-MMO. The photocatalyticperformance of the prepared ZnCr-MMO and ZnCr-MMO/FA composites in different FA contents wasevaluated by degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP), which is an antibiotic and often found in pharmaceuticalwastes, under visible light irradiation. Clearly, the ZnCr-MMO/FA composites showed higher photocatalyticdecomposition of CIP than pristine ZnCr-MMO, and the highest degradation performance for CIPwas obtained from the ZnCr-MMO/FA sample with 0.5 mg FA, which has a reaction rate constant approximatelyfour times greater than that of pure ZnCr-MMO. The improved CIP degradation activity of theZnCr-MMO/FA composite might not only be due to the good arrangement of ZnCr-MMO particles onthe FA surface but also high separation and less recombination of photogenerated electrons-holes pairs,proven by the photoluminescence spectra, photocurrent density, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopyresults. The lower recombination of the charge carriers of the ZnCr-MMO/FA composite mightbe caused by the heterojunction between the ZnCr-MMO as a main photocatalyst and FA. Thus, the proposedZnCr-MMO/FA composite can be used as an effective photocatalyst for wastewater treatment,including the decomposition of organic pollutants, such as discarded pharmaceuticals.

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