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Xiaodong Wang,Xingguo Liu1,Boqiang Qin,Zhaojun Gu,Hao Xu,Hao Zhu,Guofeng Cheng,Huang Liu 한국생태학회 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.3
In order to understand the mechanisms of conversion between different algal dominance, an experiment was performed in a greenhouse from 22 June to 10 July 2011. The experiment included a treatment group subjected to three instances of nutrient enrichment and a control with no nutrient enrichment. The initial water was dominated by Ankistrodesmus of Chlorophyta. The average water temperature at 08:30 h and 14:00 h during the experiment was 31.6°C and 34.6°C, respec¬tively. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in the treatment were significantly higher than in the control (P < 0.05). However, the TN/TP and DTN/DTP in the control was higher than in the treatment (P < 0.05). The dominant algae in the control did not change during the experiment, while the dominant algae in the treat¬ment switched to Planktothrix of Cyanophyta on day 9. The chlorophyll a (Chl-a), wet weight of all algae, wet weight of Cyanophyta, and percentage of Cyanophyta in the control were all significantly lower than in the treatment (P < 0.05). Amounts of zooplankton, especially rotifers, were present at the end of the experimental period. The density of rotifers between the control and treatment was not significantly different (P > 0.05), while the copepod density in the treatment was higher than in the control (P < 0.05). We conclude that green algae dominance quickly switches to cyanobacteria dominance after nutrient enrichment in a greenhouse with elevated temperature
Liu, Zhe-Ming,Ge, Xiao-Lin,Chen, Jia-Yan,Wang, Pei-Pei,Zhang, Chi,Yang, Xi,Zhu, Hong-Cheng,Liu, Jia,Qin, Qin,Xu, Li-Ping,Lu, Jing,Zhan, Liang-Liang,Cheng, Hong-Yan,Sun, Xin-Chen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8
Background: Radiotherapy is an important treatment of choice for breast cancer patients after breast-conserving surgery, and we compare the feasibility of using dual arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT2), single arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT1) and Multi-beam Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (M-IMRT) on patients after breast-conserving surgery. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with breast cancer (half right-sided and half left-sided) treated by conservative lumpectomy and requiring whole breast radiotherapy with tumor bed boost were planned with three different radiotherapy techniques: 1) VMAT1; 2) VMAT2; 3) M-IMRT. The distributions for the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were compared. Dosimetries for all the techniques were compared. Results: All three techniques satisfied the dose constraint well. VMAT2 showed no obvious difference in the homogeneity index (HI) and conformity index (CI) of the PTV with respect to M-IMRT and VMAT1. VMAT2 clearly improved the treatment efficiency and can also decrease the mean dose and V5Gy of the contralateral lung. The mean dose and maximum dose of the spinal cord and contralateral breast were lower for VMAT2 than the other two techniques. The very low dose distribution (V1Gy) of the contralateral breast also showed great reduction in VMAT2 compared with the other two techniques. For the ipsilateral lung of right-sided breast cancer, the mean dose was decreased significantly in VMAT2 compared with VMAT1 and M-IMRT. The V20Gy and V30Gy of the ipsilateral lung of the left-sided breast cancer for VMAT2 showed obvious reduction compared with the other two techniques. The heart statistics of VMAT2 also decreased considerably compared to VMAT1 and M-IMRT. Conclusions: Compared to the other two techniques, the dual arc volumetric modulated arc therapy technique reduced radiation dose exposure to the organs at risk and maintained a reasonable target dose distribution.
Compressed Magnetic Field in the Magnetically Regulated Global Collapsing Clump of G9.62+0.19
Liu, Tie,Kim, Kee-Tae,Liu, Sheng-Yuan,Juvela, Mika,Zhang, Qizhou,Wu, Yuefang,Li, Pak Shing,Parsons, Harriet,Soam, Archana,Goldsmith, Paul F.,Su, Yu-Nung,Tatematsu, Ken’ichi,Qin, Sheng-Li,Garay, Guido American Astronomical Society 2018 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.869 No.1
Liu, Xuanxuan,Xu, Lei,Huang, Yanlin,Qin, Chuanxiang,Qin, Lin,Seo, Hyo Jin Elsevier 2017 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.43 No.15
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work improved the optical absorption and photocatalytic ability of four-layered Aurivillius Bi<SUB>5</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>FeO<SUB>15</SUB> through microstructural modification via partial substitution of Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> with Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>. Bi<SUB>5</SUB>Ti<SUB>3−x</SUB>Fe<SUB>1+x</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> (x = 0–0.6) photocatalysts were prepared through sol-gel citrate-complexation synthesis. The sample crystallized into plate-like nanoparticles with [001] facets. Phase formation and crystal structure were confirmed via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinements. Bi<SUB>5</SUB>Ti<SUB>3−x</SUB>Fe<SUB>1+x</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> (x = 0–0.6) maintained its structural characteristic, i.e., a perovskite unit of (Bi<SUB>3</SUB>Ti<SUB>3−x</SUB>Fe<SUB>1+x</SUB>O<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUP>2–</SUP> sandwiched by two (Bi<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUP>2+</SUP> layers along <I>c</I> axis. The samples were investigated via scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and specific surface area analyses. The band gap showed characteristic transitions from the valence band (VB) of (O2p+Fe<I>t</I> <SUB>2g</SUB>+Bi6s) to the conduction band (CB) of (Ti-3d+Fe-<I>e</I> <SUB>g</SUB>). With increasing substitution of Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> with Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>, the sample greatly red shifted its absorption edges. The d–d transitions in FeO<SUB>6</SUB> greatly contribute to the narrow band-gap. Aurivillius is a potential photocatalyst and demonstrated photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420nm). Such photocatalytic activities were attributed to the special structural layer and the catalytic mediators of multivalent Ti<SUP>4+/3+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>3+/2+</SUP> ions in the perovskite slabs as confirmed by XPS measurements. Results suggested that substitution of Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> with Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> in an Aurivillius phase was an efficient method to modify the bandwidth and structure of Aurivillius phase. This phenomenon can be used as a strategy to improve the photochemical properties of Ti/Fe-containing Aurivillius phases.</P>
Liu, Tie,Kim, Kee-Tae,Yoo, Hyunju,Liu, Sheng-yuan,Tatematsu, Ken’ichi,Qin, Sheng-Li,Zhang, Qizhou,Wu, Yuefang,Wang, Ke,Goldsmith, Paul F.,Juvela, Mika,Lee, Jeong-Eun,Tó,th, L. Viktor,Mardones, D American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.829 No.2
<P>We observed 146 Galactic clumps in HCN (4-3) and CS (7-6) with the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment 10 m telescope. A tight linear relationship between star formation rate and gas mass traced by dust continuum emission was found for both Galactic clumps and the high redshift (z > 1) star forming galaxies (SFGs), indicating a constant gas depletion time of similar to 100 Myr for molecular gas in both Galactic clumps and high z SFGs. However, low z galaxies do not follow this relation and seem to have a longer global gas depletion time. The correlations between total infrared luminosities (L-TIR) and molecular line luminosities (L-mol') of HCN (4-3) and CS (7-6) are tight and sublinear extending down to clumps with L-TIR similar to 10(3) L-circle dot. These correlations become linear when extended to external galaxies. A bimodal behavior in the L-TIR-L-mol' correlations was found for clumps with different dust temperature, luminosity-to-mass ratio, and sigma(line)/sigma(vir). Such bimodal behavior may be due to evolutionary effects. The slopes of L-TIR-L-mol' correlations become more shallow as clumps evolve. We compared our results with lower J transition lines in Wu et al. (2010). The correlations between clump masses and line luminosities are close to linear for low effective excitation density tracers but become sublinear for high effective excitation density tracers for clumps with L-TIR larger than L-TIR similar to 10(4.5) L-circle dot. High effective excitation density tracers cannot linearly trace the total clump masses, leading to a sublinear correlations for both M-clump-L-mol' and L-TIR-L-mol' relations.</P>
Glucosamine induces cell death $via$ proteasome inhibition in human ALVA41 prostate cancer cell
Liu, Bao-Qin,Meng, Xin,Li, Chao,Gao, Yan-Yan,Li, Ning,Niu, Xiao-Fang,Guan, Yifu,Wang, Hua-Qin Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.9
Glucosamine, a naturally occurring amino monosaccharide, has been reported to play a role in the regulation of apoptosis more than half century. However the effect of glucosamine on tumor cells and the involved molecular mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. Glucosamine enters the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) downstream of the rate-limiting step catalyzed by the GFAT (glutamine:fluctose- 6-phosphate amidotransferase), providing UDP-GlcNAc substrates for O-linked ${\beta}$-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein modification. Considering that O-GlcNAc modification of proteasome subunits inhibits its activity, we examined whether glucosamine induces growth inhibition $via$ affecting proteasomal activity. In the present study, we found glucosamine inhibited proteasomal activity and the proliferation of ALVA41 prostate cancer cells. The inhibition of proteasomal activity results in the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, followed by induction of apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrated that glucosamine downregulated proteasome activator $PA28{\gamma}$ and overexpression of $PA28{\gamma}$ rescued the proteasomal activity and growth inhibition mediated by glucosamine. We further demonstrated that inhibition of O-GlcNAc abrogated $PA28{\gamma}$ suppression induced by glucosamine. These findings suggest that glucosamine may inhibit growth of ALVA41 cancer cells through downregulation of $PA28{\gamma}$ and inhibition of proteasomal activity via O-GlcNAc modification.
ALMA Reveals Sequential High-mass Star Formation in the G9.62+0.19 Complex
Liu, Tie,Lacy, John,Li, Pak Shing,Wang, Ke,Qin, Sheng-Li,Zhang, Qizhou,Kim, Kee-Tae,Garay, Guido,Wu, Yuefang,Mardones, Diego,Zhu, Qingfeng,Tatematsu, Ken’ichi,Hirota, Tomoya,Ren, Zhiyuan,Liu, Sheng-Yu American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.849 No.1
<P>Stellar feedback from high-mass stars (e.g., H II regions) can strongly influence the surrounding interstellar medium and regulate star formation. Our new ALMA observations reveal sequential high-mass star formation taking place within one subvirial filamentary clump (the G9.62 clump) in the G9.62+0.19 complex. The 12 dense cores (MM1-MM12) detected by ALMA are at very different evolutionary stages, from the starless core phase to the UC H II region phase. Three dense cores (MM6, MM7/G, MM8/F) are associated with outflows. The mass-velocity diagrams of the outflows associated with MM7/G and MM8/F can be well-fit by broken power laws. The mass-velocity diagram of the SiO outflow associated with MM8/F breaks much earlier than other outflow tracers (e.g., CO, SO, CS, HCN), suggesting that SiO traces newly shocked gas, while the other molecular lines (e.g., CO, SO, CS, HCN) mainly trace the ambient gas continuously entrained by outflow jets. Five cores (MM1, MM3, MM5, MM9, MM10) are massive starless core candidates whose masses are estimated to be larger than 25 M-circle dot, assuming a dust temperature of <= 20 K. The shocks from the expanding H II regions ('B' and 'C') to the west may have a great impact on the G9.62 clump by compressing it into a filament and inducing core collapse successively, leading to sequential star formation. Our findings suggest that stellar feedback from H II regions may enhance the star formation efficiency and suppress low-mass star formation in adjacent pre-existing massive clumps.</P>
Qin Wenchao,Feng Liwei,Yang Zihao,Liu Jinfeng,Liu Yan 한국물리학회 2021 Current Applied Physics Vol.32 No.-
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) was coated by a lithium-ion conductor Li3PO4 layer using a pre-coating treatment and solid state method. The physicochemical characteristics were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS. Li3PO4 coating layer maintained the crystal structure of NCM523 cathode. The cathode with 3.0 wt% Li3PO4 coating (P0.03-NCM) exhibited outstanding rate capability (169.3 mAh g 1 at 0.2 C) and cycling retention of 92.23% at 1 C after 150 cycles, whereas the pristine NCM exhibited a capacity retention of only 77.84%. The electrochemical performance of the full-cell (P0.03-NCM as the cathodes and graphite as the anodes) showed high cycle retention of 82.92% after 100 cycles. The Li3PO4 coating layer acted as a physical barrier and alleviated the degradation behaviors of NCM523. This research work provided insights for the commercial application of ternary layered cathodes.
Qin Liu,Jong Yul Roh,Yong Wang,Jae Young Choi,Xueying Tao,Jong Bin Park,Hee Jin Shim,Byung Rae Jin,Yeon Ho Je 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05
Bacillus thuringiensis 1-3 (Bt 1-3) which was isolated from a Korean soil sample showed high insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti as well as Plutella xylostella. The isolate was determined to belong to ssp. aizawai (H7) type by an H antiserum agglutination test and produced bipyramidal-shaped crystal proteins with a molecular weight of 130 kDa. PCR analysis with cry gene specific primers showed that Bt 1-3 contained cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1C, cry1D and cry2A gene, differing from spp. aizawai (reference strain) which contains cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1C and cry1D. We modified the plasmid capture system (PCS) to clone plasmid from Bt 1-3 through in vitro transposition. Fifty-three clones were acquired and their sizes were approximately 10 kb. Based on the sequence analysis, they were classified according to similarities with four known Bt plasmids, pGI3, pBMB175, pGI1 and pGI2, respectively. One of pGI3-like clones, named as pBt1-3, was fully sequenced and its 20 putative open reading frames (ORFs), Rep-protein, double-strand origin of replication (dso), single-strand origin of replication (sso), have been identified. The structure of pBt1-3 showed high similarity with pGI3 which is one of rolling-circle replication (RCR) group VI family.