Genetic Variation of H-FABP Gene and Association with Intramuscular Fat Content in Laiwu Black and Four Western Pig Breeds

Zeng, Y.Q.,Wang, G.L.,Wang, C.F.,Wei, S.D.,Wu, Y.,Wang, L.Y.,Wang, H.,Yang, H.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.1

This study was performed to detect genetic variation of the heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) gene by PCRRFLPs approach and its association with intramuscular fat (IMF) content. Data from 223 individuals, including one Chinese native pig breed and four western pig breeds, were analyzed. The results showed that for the H-FABP gene, there was one polymorphic HinfI site in the 5'-upstream region, whereas there were one HaeIII and one HinfI (marked as $HinfI^*$) polymorphic site in the second intron, respectively. The three PCR-RFLPs were present in all breeds tested. The allele frequencies, however, revealed significant differences between them (p<0.05). Furthermore, the allele frequency distribution of HinfI in the Laiwu Black and that of $HinfI^*$ in the Hampshire breed were at disequilibrium, which might be the result of selective breeding. Results also indicated that for HinfI, HaeIII and $HinfI^*$ HFABP RFLP, significant (p<0.05) contrasts of 0.78%, -0.69% and 0.72% were detected in the least square means of IMF content between the homozygous genotype HH and hh, DD and dd, BB and bb classes, respectively. It implied that the HHddBB genotype had the highest IMF content in this experimental population and these H-FABP RFLPs could serve, to some extent, as genetic markers for use in improvement of IMF content.

Effects of Dietary Lysine Levels on Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Amino Acid Absorption Mode in Growing Pigs

Zeng, P.L.,Yan, H.C.,Wang, X.Q.,Zhang, C.M.,Zhu, C.,Shu, G.,Jiang, Q.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.7

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different dietary lysine levels on the apparent nutrient digestibility, the serum amino acid (AA) concentration, and the biochemical parameters of the precaval and portal vein blood in growing pigs. In Experiment 1, 15 noncannulated pigs received diets with different lysine densities (0.65%, 0.95%, and 1.25% lysine) for 13 d. A total collection digestion test was performed, and blood samples were collected from the precaval vein at the end of the experiment. In Experiment 2, four cannulated pigs were fed the same diets of Experiment 1. The experiment used a self-control experimental design and was divided into three periods. On d 5 of each period, at 0.5 h before feeding and hourly up to 8 h after feeding, single blood samples were collected from catheters placed in the portal vein. In Experiment 1, some serum AAs (including lysine), serum urinary nitrogen (SUN), and total protein (TP) concentrations were significantly affected by the dietary lysine levels (p<0.05). Moreover, the 0.65% lysine treatment showed a significant lower apparent digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, crude protein, and phosphorus than the other treatments (p<0.05). In Experiment 2, serum lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, isoleucine (p = 0.0588), triglyceride, and SUN (p = 0.0572) concentrations were significantly affected by the dietary lysine levels (p<0.05). Additionally, almost all of the determined serum AA and total AA concentrations reached their lowest values at 0.5 h before feeding and their highest values at 2 h after feeding (p<0.05). These findings indicate that the greatest absorption of AA occurred at 2 h after feeding and that the dynamic profile of serum AA is affected by the dietary lysine levels. Moreover, when the dietary lysine content was 0.95%, the growing pigs achieved a better nutrient digestibility and serum metabolites levels.

Development of the 3.7 GHz LHCD System on HL-2A

B. Lu,M. Huang,H. Zeng,X. Y. Bai,X. H. Mao,Z. H. Lu,J. Liang,Z. H. Kang,M. W. Wang,K. Feng,H. Wang,C. Wang,J. Q. Wang,S. Wei,T. Yao,Y. N. Bu,J. Feng,G. Y. Cheng,S. D. Song,D. H. Xia,J. Rao 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8

A 2 MW-3.7 GHz lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system is under development for physicsexperiments on the HL-2A device. The RF Power is generated by four TH2103A klystron amplifiersand propagates in the TE10 mode through WR284 waveguides. The transmission lines with a lengthof 20 m to 30 m are pressurized with 2 bars of nitrogen to decrease the possibility of arcing. Thelauncher, based on the passive-active multi-junction (PAM) concept, has been developed and iscurrently being realized. It was designed for a power spectrum peaked at Nk = 2.75 with goodcoupling properties over a wide range of plasma parameters. The four klystrons are fed by ahigh-voltage power supply (HVPS) based on the pulse step modulation (PSM) concept with a fastswitch-off time of less than ten μs. This system is expected to be in operation within 1 years and willexplore many international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) related LH experiments inthe following years.

Genetic Diversity Measures of 8 Local Sheep Breeds in Northwest of China for Genetic Resource Conservation

Zeng, X.C.,Chen, H.Y.,Hui, W.Q.,Jia, B.,Du, Y.C.,Tian, Y.Z. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.12

The aim of this study was to evaluate, through the use of microsatellite markers, the current genetic diversity and the relationships of 375 individuals from 8 local sheep breeds reared in typical breeding farms in the northwest of China, and moreover, to offer a contribution towards genetic conservation decisions for the studied breeds. The expected heterozygosities and allelic richness for the 8 breeds varied from 0.474 to 0.623 and from 3.8 to 5.4, respectively. All the populations showed a significant deficit in heterozygosity and a relatively low level of genetic diversity. Furthermore, the high positive FIS value (ranging from 0.255 to 0.556) indicated inbreeding to be one of the main causes for high genetic homogeneity and lack of heterozygosity in all breeds. The clustering analysis performed with the DISPAN package showed that Aletai, Kazak, Bashibai and Bayinbuluke were grouped together, and Hetian, Qira black and Duolang were grouped together, which indicated that the relationship among breeds displayed some degree of consistency with their geographical distribution, production and origin. These findings indicate that improved conservation measures must be undertaken to avoid further losses of genetic diversity and minimize inbreeding represented by these breeds.

The Metabolizable Energy Value, Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Soybean Meal, Soy Protein Concentrate and Fermented Soybean Meal, and the Application of These Products in Early-weaned Piglets

Zhang, H.Y.,Yi, J.Q.,Piao, X.S.,Li, P.F.,Zeng, Z.K.,Wang, D.,Liu, L.,Wang, G.Q.,Han, X. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.5

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the metabolizable energy (ME) value, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) of soybean meal (SBM), soy protein concentrate (SPC) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM), and the application of these products in early-weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, four barrows with initial body weight (BW) of $14.2{\pm}1.4$ kg were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. The diet 1 contained corn as the only energy source. The other three diets replaced 25% of corn in diet 1 with one of the three soybean products, and the digestable energy (DE) and ME contents were determined by difference. In Exp. 2, four barrows (initial BW of $18.2{\pm}1.5$ kg) were fitted with ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Three cornstarch-based diets were formulated using each of the soybean products as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure endogenous losses of AA. In Exp. 3, ninety six piglets (initial BW of $5.6{\pm}0.9$ kg) weaned at $21{\pm}2$ d were blocked by weight and assigned to one of three treatments for a 21-d growth performance study. The control diet was based on corn and SBM, the two treatments' diets contained either 10% SPC or FSBM and were formulated to same SID lysine to ME ratio of 3.6 g/Mcal. The results showed that the ME content of SPC was greater than SBM (p<0.05). The SID of most AA in SPC was greater than the SID of AA in SBM (p<0.05). For the essential AA, the SID of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and threonine in FSBM were greater than in SBM (p<0.05). Even though they were fed same SID lysine to ME ratio of 3.6 g/Mcal diets, pigs fed SPC and FSBM diets had greater weight gain, G:F (p<0.05) and better fecal score (p<0.05) than pigs fed SBM diet. In conclusion, SPC showed a higher ME content and SID of AA than the SBM. SID of some essential AA in FSBM was higher than SBM and was similar with SPC. But the lower antigenic proteins and anti-nutritional factors content in SPC and FSBM may be the main factors affecting the performance of early-weaned piglets rather than the increased ME content and SID of AA.

DRIVING CYCLE RECOGNITION NEURAL NETWORK ALGORITHM BASED ON THE SLIDING TIME WINDOW FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

J. WANG,Q. N. WANG,X. H. ZENG,P. Y. WANG,J. N. WANG 한국자동차공학회 2015 International journal of automotive technology Vol.16 No.4

Driving cycles greatly influence the fuel economy and exhaust of the vehicle, especially in hybrid electric vehicles. The purpose of this study is to develop a method to identify the type of driving cycle with better accuracy and less sampling time than other driving cycle recognition algorithms. A driving cycle recognition algorithm based on Learning Vector Quantization neural network is first created to analyze four selected representative standard driving cycles. Micro-trip extraction and box-and-whisker plots are then applied to ensure the diversity and magnitude of training samples. Finally, a sample training simulation is conducted to determine the minimum neuron number of learning vector quantization network, using the simulation platform of Matlab/Simulink. Afterwards, we simplify the structure of the recognition model to reduce data convergence time. Simulation results show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, which decreases the time window length from 120 s to 60 s with acceptable accuracy. Furthermore, the driving cycle recognition algorithm is used in a series-parallel hybrid vehicle model to improve the fuel economy by about 6.29%.

Identification of Vehicle-Bridge Interaction Forces In Frequency Domain

S.S Law,Tommy H.T. Chan,Q.H. Zeng 한국소음진동공학회 1997 한국소음진동공학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.1997 No.1

Determination and Prediction of the Amino Acid Digestibility of Sunflower Seed Meals in Growing Pigs

J.D. Liu,Q.Y. Li,Z.K. Zeng,P. Li,X. Xu,H.L. Wang,S. Zhang,X.S. Piao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and amino acid (AA) digestibility of sunflower seed meal (SFSM) and to use this data to develop prediction equations for estimating AA digestibility for growing pigs. Ten SFSM were collected from five provinces in China. Twelve barrows (38.8±4.6 kg), fitted with ileal T-cannula were allotted into two 6×6 Latin square designs. Each of six experimental periods comprised a 5-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The ten test diets contained 50% SFSM as the sole source of AA. Another nitrogen-free diet was used to measure the basal endogenous losses of crude protein (CP) and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an inert marker in each diet. There was considerable variation (CV>10%) among the ten SFSM in chemical composition (dry matter [DM]). The concentration of CP and ether extract (EE) ranged from 29.33% to 39.09% and 0.88% to 11.33%, respectively. Crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre ranged from 21.46% to 36.42%, 38.15% to 55.40%, and 24.59% to 37.34%, respectively. There was variation among the ten SFSM in apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) for lysine and threonine, which ranged from 63.16 to 79.21 and 55.19% to 72.04% for AID and 67.03% to 82.07% and 61.97% to 77.01% for SID, respectively. The variation in CP and methionine ranged from 60.13% to 74.72% and 74.79% to 88.60% for AID and 66.70% to 79.31% and 77.16% to 90.27% for SID, respectively. Methionine was a good indicator to predict AA digestibility. These results indicate that conventional chemical composition of SFSM was variable (CV>10%) among the ten SFSM (DM). The results of AID, SID and prediction equations could be used to evaluate the digestibility of SFSM in growing pigs.

Determination and Prediction of the Amino Acid Digestibility of Sunflower Seed Meals in Growing Pigs

Liu, J.D.,Li, Q.Y.,Zeng, Z.K.,Li, P.,Xu, X.,Wang, H.L.,Zhang, S.,Piao, X.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and amino acid (AA) digestibility of sunflower seed meal (SFSM) and to use this data to develop prediction equations for estimating AA digestibility for growing pigs. Ten SFSM were collected from five provinces in China. Twelve barrows ($38.8{\pm}4.6kg$), fitted with ileal T-cannula were allotted into two $6{\times}6$ Latin square designs. Each of six experimental periods comprised a 5-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The ten test diets contained 50% SFSM as the sole source of AA. Another nitrogen-free diet was used to measure the basal endogenous losses of crude protein (CP) and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an inert marker in each diet. There was considerable variation (CV>10%) among the ten SFSM in chemical composition (dry matter [DM]). The concentration of CP and ether extract (EE) ranged from 29.33% to 39.09% and 0.88% to 11.33%, respectively. Crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre ranged from 21.46% to 36.42%, 38.15% to 55.40%, and 24.59% to 37.34%, respectively. There was variation among the ten SFSM in apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) for lysine and threonine, which ranged from 63.16 to 79.21 and 55.19% to 72.04% for AID and 67.03% to 82.07% and 61.97% to 77.01% for SID, respectively. The variation in CP and methionine ranged from 60.13% to 74.72% and 74.79% to 88.60% for AID and 66.70% to 79.31% and 77.16% to 90.27% for SID, respectively. Methionine was a good indicator to predict AA digestibility. These results indicate that conventional chemical composition of SFSM was variable (CV>10%) among the ten SFSM (DM). The results of AID, SID and prediction equations could be used to evaluate the digestibility of SFSM in growing pigs.

432-μm Laser’s Beam-waist Measurement for the Polarimeter/Interferometer on the EAST Tokamak

Z. X. Wang,H. Q. Liu,Y. X. Jie,M. Q. Wu,T. Lan,X. Zhu,Z. Y. Zou,Y. Yang,X. C. Wei,L. Zeng,G. S. Li,X. Gao 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8

A far-infrared (FIR) polarimeter/interferometer (PI) system is under development for measurementsof the current-density and the electron-density profiles in the EAST tokamak. The systemwill utilize three identical 432-μm CHCOOH lasers pumped by a CO2 laser. Measurements of thelaser beam’s waist size and position are basic works. This paper will introduce three methods witha beam profiler and several focusing optical elements. The beam profiler can be used to show thespatial energy distribution of the laser beam. The active area of the profiler is 12.4 × 12.4 mm2. Some focusing optical elements are needed to focus the beam in order for the beam profiler toreceive the entire laser beam. Two principles and three methods are used in the measurement. Thefirst and the third methods are based on the same principle, and the second method adopts an otherprinciple. Due to the fast and convenient measurement, although the first method is a special formof the third and it can only give the size of beam waist, it is essential to the development of theexperiment and it can provide guidance for the choices of the sizes of the optical elements in the nextstep. A concave mirror, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) lens and a polymethylpentene (TPX)lens are each used in the measurement process. The results of these methods are close enough forthe design of PI system’s optical path.