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        High Prevalence of Multifocal Spine Infections Involving the Cervical and Thoracic Regions: A Case for Imaging the Entire Spine

        Cristian Balcescu,Khalid Odeh,Alexander Rosinski,Jonathan Wang,Priya Prasad,Jeremi Leasure,Victor Ungurean Jr.,Dimitriy Kondrashov 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.4

        Objective: Pyogenic spinal infections account for 2%–4% of orthopaedic infections. They are often difficult to diagnose, resulting in a delay in diagnosis. Risk factors for orthopaedic and spinal infection are well-documented in the literature, yet there is a paucity of studies examining risk factors specifically for multifocal spinal infections. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of multifocal spinal infections in comparison to unifocal spinal infections. Methods: The medical records, imaging studies, and bacteriology data of 20 patients treated surgically for pyogenic spinal infection over 6 years at a tertiary referral center were reviewed and analyzed after receiving Institutional Review Board approval. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with a multifocal spinal infection. Results: Seven patients (35%) had multifocal infections. Three were bifocal, and 4 were trifocal. Patients with surgically treated cervical or thoracic spinal infections had a high rate of concomitant multifocal spinal infections (71% and 83%, respectively). Other potential predictors (e.g., patient age, body mass index, magnetic resonance image findings, etc.) did not reach statistical significance. Each of the multifocal infections involved the lumbar spine. Conclusion: In this study, the spinal region was the only statistically significant risk factor for multifocal infection. Patients who are diagnosed with a spinal infection that requires operative treatment should have their entire spine evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging to detect multifocal involvement promptly.

      • Broadband dual phase energy harvester: Vibration and magnetic field

        Song, Hyun-Cheol,Kumar, Prashant,Sriramdas, Rammohan,Lee, Hyeon,Sharpes, Nathan,Kang, Min-Gyu,Maurya, Deepam,Sanghadasa, Mohan,Kang, Hyung-Won,Ryu, Jungho,Reynolds Jr., William T.,Priya Jr., Shashank Elsevier 2018 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.225 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Broadband mechanical energy harvesting implies stable output power over a wide range of source frequency. Here we present a cost-effective solution towards achieving broadband response by designing a magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvester array that exhibits a large power density of 243 μW/cm<SUP>3</SUP> g<SUP>2</SUP> at natural frequency and bandwidth of more than 30 Hz under 1 g acceleration. The magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvester array exhibits dual modes of energy harvesting, responding to both stray magnetic field as well as ambient vibrations, and is found to exhibit the output power density of 36.5 μW/cm<SUP>3</SUP> Oe<SUP>2</SUP> at 79.5 Hz under the ambient magnetic field while maintaining the broadband nature. The magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvester array was demonstrated to harvest continuous power from a rotary pump vibration, an automobile engine vibration and a parasitic magnetic field surrounding a cable of an electric kettle. These demonstrations suggest that the magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvester array could serve the role of a standalone power source for wireless sensor nodes and small electronic devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Magnetically coupled energy harvester array is demonstrated for broadband operation. </LI> <LI> Energy harvester provides dual mode energy harvesting in magnetic field and vibration. </LI> <LI> Energy harvester exhibits 243 μW/cm<SUP>3</SUP> g<SUP>2</SUP> power density and over 30 Hz bandwidth. </LI> <LI> Energy harvester is implemented in practical environments of a rotary pump, power cable, and car engine. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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