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Plaizier, J.C.B.,Nkya, R.,Shem, M.N.,Urio, N.A.,McBride, B.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.5
The effects of supplementation with nitrogen molasses mineral blocks and molasses urea mix during and immediately prior to the dry season on the production of dairy cows were studied on-station and on-farm near Morogoro, Tanzania. Supplementation of blocks to on-station cows also receiving ad libitum grass hay and 6 kg/d of maize bran increased milk production from 6.7 L/d to 11.2 L/d (p<0.05), increased dry matter intake from 10.1 kg/d to 12.0 kg/d (p<0.05), but did not significantly affect milk composition, intake of hay, and live weight changes. This increase in milk yield is mainly explained by increased intakes of energy and nitrogen. Supplementation with the molasses urea mix increased daily milk yield from 6.7 L/d to 8.8 L/d (p<0.05), but did not significantly affect the other measured production parameters. The on-farm supplementation of the blocks increased daily milk yield by 1.5 L/d in the dry season (p<0.05). This supplementation did not increase milk yields prior to the dry season, since quality forage was still available. Taking the production costs into account, supplementation with the blocks and supplementation with mix were cost effective if milk yields increased by 0.7 L/d. Hence supplementation with blocks and supplementation with mix were effective on-station, and supplementation with blocks was cost effective on-farm during the dry season.
Park, J.W.,Kim, I.H.,Plaizier, J. Canadian Science Publishing 2018 Canadian journal of animal science Vol.98 No.2
<P> This study evaluated the efficacy of fermented corn (FC) in growing pigs. One hundred twenty-eight growing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc)] with an initial body weight of 29.59 ± 1.34 kg were used in a 6 wk experiment. Pigs were assigned into one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of nutrient density (high energy: 3.37 Mcal kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, or low energy: 3.29 Mcal kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) and FC (0% or 20% substitute for corn). Pigs fed diets with FC increased (P @@<@@ 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) overall. Pigs fed with high-density (HD) diets increased (P @@<@@ 0.05) ADG and gain to feed (G/F) ratio overall. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and nitrogen (N) increased (P @@<@@ 0.05) in pigs fed with FC diets compared with pigs fed the diets without FC. In addition, pigs fed with HD diets increased (P @@<@@ 0.05) ATTD of DM and GE compared with low-density (LD) diets. Furthermore, pigs fed with HD diets had a higher (P @@<@@ 0.05) ATTD of DM and GE than those fed with LD diets. Both LD and FC supplementation led to lower (P @@<@@ 0.05) fecal gas emission content. Pigs fed FC diets increased ileal Lactobacillus concentration and decreased Escherichia coli concentration. An interactive effect between nutrient density diet and FC was observed on the G/F, Lactobacillus on ileal microorganisms, and nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, the results indicated that dietary supplementation of HD diets and FC improved performance in growing pigs. </P>
Nguyen, D.H.,Tran, H.N.,Yun, H.M.,Kim, I.H.,Plaizier, J. Canadian Science Publishing 2018 Canadian journal of animal science Vol.98 No.2
<P> A total of 480 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers with an average initial body weight (BW) of 42 ± 1 g was randomly divided into four treatments (8 replicates/treatment, 15 birds/replicate) by their BW to evaluate the influence of a cocktail of protease and xylanase in different energy density of corn- and soybean-meal-based diet on broilers. This experiment lasted for 35 d and there were two phases; starter (1-18 d) and finisher (19-35 d). The experiment was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of metabolizable energy and the cocktail enzyme with 200 mg of protease kg<SUP>−1</SUP> diet and 100 FXU xylanase kg<SUP>−1</SUP> diet. Both high-nutrient density and cocktail enzyme supplementation increased (P @@<@@ 0.05) the body weight gain (BWG) during day 1-18 and day 1-35 as well as dry matter retention on day 35. Broilers fed the high-nutrient-density diets had higher (P @@<@@ 0.05) energy retention on day 35 and relative breast muscle weight. Broilers fed the cocktail enzyme diets significantly increased nitrogen (N) retention and decreased the levels of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) emission. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of the cocktail enzyme component improved BWG, N retention, and reduced excreta noxious gas emission in broilers. </P>
Hossain, M.M.,Begum, M.,Kim, I.H.,Plaizier, J. Canadian Science Publishing 2018 Canadian journal of animal science Vol.98 No.2
<P> This study evaluated the efficacy of fenugreek seed extract (FSE) in growing pigs. About 140 growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 23.70 ± 2.80 kg were used in a 6 wk trial. Treatments were (on as-fed basis) two levels of FSE (FSE0, 0 or FSE0.2, 2 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> basal diet), and two levels of energy [low-energy diet (LED); 3160 or high-energy diet (HED); 3260 kcal kg<SUP>−1</SUP> metabolizable energy (ME)]. Pigs in HED and FSE0.2 diets had higher final BW, average daily gain, and gain:feed ratio (G:F) compared with in LED, and FSE0 diets, respectively (P @@<@@ 0.05). Pigs fed the FSE0.2 and HED diets had higher energy (E) digestibility than the FSE0 and LED diets, respectively (P @@<@@ 0.05). Pigs fed the FSE0.2 diet increased serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and reduced total cholesterol (TC) concentration than the FSE0 diet (P @@<@@ 0.05). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) gas emission in FSE0.2 diet were lower than that in FSE0 group (P @@<@@ 0.05). In conclusion, results indicated that dietary supplementation of FSE improved growth performance, digestibility, serum IgG, reduced serum TC, and noxious gas emission in growing pigs. </P>
Nguyen, D.H.,Lee, S.I.,Cheong, J.Y.,Kim, I.H.,Plaizier, J. Canadian Science Publishing 2018 Canadian journal of animal science Vol.98 No.3
<P> A total of 180 crossbred pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an average body weight of 22.61 ± 1.23 kg were used in an 18 wk study to determine the effect of protease and bromelain in low-protein diets in grower-finisher pigs. Dietary treatments included: T1, basal diet treatment; T2, low-protein treatment; T3 (T2 + 0.2 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> protease); and T4 (T2 + 0.3 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> bromelain). Pigs fed protease- and bromelain-supplemented diets increased average daily gain and gain to feed ratio at week 18, dry matter and nitrogen digestibility at week 6, as well as energy digestibility at week 12, compared with low-protein diet (P @@<@@ 0.05). Pigs fed T3 and T4 diets led to a trend of decreased (P @@<@@ 0.05) blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations at the 12th wk. A reduction of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emission was observed in pigs fed the dietary protease and bromelain supplementation at the 6th wk (P @@<@@ 0.05). There was no effect on all parameters between the protease and bromelain supplementation treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of protease and bromelain to low-protein diet enhanced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and reduced NH3 and H2S in growing-finishing pigs. </P>
Hossain, M.M.,Park, J.W.,Nyachoti, C.M.,Kim, I.H.,Plaizier, J. Canadian Science Publishing 2016 Canadian journal of animal science Vol.96 No.4
<P> This study evaluated the efficacy of extracted rice bran (ERB) in weanling piglets. One hundred forty weanling pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average BW of 5.70 ± 1.41 kg (21 d of age) were fed in two phases in a 6-wk experiment. Weanling pigs were allotted to diets containing 0 or 0.1 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> of ERB, and 0 or 165 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> of apramycin according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Both apramycin and ERB supplementation increased growth efficiency (G:F) during phase 1 and overall, respectively (P @@<@@ 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) was increased in response to either ERB or apramycin at wk 2 and 6 (P @@<@@ 0.05). Supplementation of ERB decreased total cholesterol (TC) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in diets lacking ERB at wk 6 (P @@<@@ 0.05). Pigs receiving diets supplemented with apramycin reduced Escherichia coli at wk 2 and 6, and Salmonella counts at wk 6 (P @@<@@ 0.05). Supplementation of ERB increased fecal Lactobacillus and reduced Salmonella counts at wk 6 (P @@<@@ 0.05). In conclusion, results indicated that dietary supplementation of ERB improved performance in weanling pigs. </P>
Cai, L.,Nyachoti, C.M.,Kim, I.H.,Plaizier, J. Canadian Science Publishing 2018 Canadian journal of animal science Vol.98 No.2
<P> This study was conducted to evaluate effects of rare earth element-enriched yeast (RY) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and fecal microbial flora in finishing pigs. A total of 100 finishing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were used in a two-phase feeding trial. Pigs were randomly assigned to five treatments according to their initial body weight (five pens per treatment, two gilts and two barrows per pen). Treatments were basal diets, free of antibiotics [negative control (NC)]; NC + 500, 1000, and 1500 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively, of RY; antibiotics diets, NC + 500 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> of tiamulin [positive control (PC)]. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) increased linearly with increasing level of RY in diets. At the end of the experiment, blood lymphocyte concentration and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and gross energy increased linearly in pigs fed the increasing level of RY in diets. The better ADG, G:F, and fecal Lactobacillus counts were observed in both RY and PC groups compared with the NC group. In conclusion, diets with RY improved growth performance, digestibility, blood lymphocyte counts, and fecal Lactobacillus counts in finishing pigs, and RY may be considered as an alternative to antibiotics. </P>
Lei, Xin Jian,Lee, Sang In,Lee, Kwang Yong,Nguyen, Dinh Hai,Kim, In Ho,Plaizier, J. Canadian Science Publishing 2018 Canadian journal of animal science Vol.98 No.4
<P> An experiment was conducted to assess effects of Enterococcus faecium and a blend of organic acids (OAs) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) in finishing pigs. A total of 120 pigs [Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace); 51.04 ± 1.82 kg] were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: CON, basal diet; BOM1, CON + 500 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> blend of OAs and MCFAs; BOM2, CON + 1000 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> blend of OAs and MCFAs; EBOM1, BOM1 + 20 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> E. faecium; EBOM2, BOM2 + 20 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> E. faecium. Pigs fed EBOM1 and EBOM2 diets had higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake (during days 36-70 and days 1-70) and greater digestibility of dry matter (days 35 and 70) compared with those fed BOM1 and BOM2 diets (P @@<@@ 0.05). However, no differences on blood parameters and meat quality were observed between pigs offered BOM1 and BOM2 diets and those fed EBOM1 and EBOM2 diets (P @@>@@ 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with the combination of E. faecium and a blend of OAs and MCFAs was more effective in improving growth performance and nutrient digestibility than supplementation with blend of OAs and MCFAs alone in finishing pigs. </P>
Hossain, M.M.,Jayaraman, B.,Kim, S.C.,Lee, K.Y.,Kim, I.H.,Nyachoti, C.M.,Plaizier, J. Canadian Science Publishing 2018 Canadian journal of animal science Vol.98 No.3
<P> This study evaluated the efficacy of a matrix-coated organic acids and medium-chain fatty acids blend (MCOFA) in growing pigs. Ninety six pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 47.71 ± 3.73 kg were used in a 6 wk experiment. Pigs were allotted to diets containing 0 or 2 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> of MCOFA, and 0 or 2.5 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Pigs fed diets supplemented with MCOFA had improved growth efficiency compared with those fed a diet without MCOFA (P @@<@@ 0.05). Pigs receiving the diets supplemented with both AGP and MCOFA had higher apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein, dry matter, fat, and gross energy (P @@<@@ 0.05). Pigs fed AGP × MCOFA diet had increased serum urea nitrogen (P @@<@@ 0.05). Pigs fed diets supplemented with AGP had reduced fecal ammonia (NH3) gas emissions compared with those fed without AGP (P @@<@@ 0.05). Moreover, pigs fed diets supplemented with MCOFA had reduced fecal NH3 and acetic acid gas emissions compared with those fed without MCOFA (P @@<@@ 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with MCOFA improved performance in growing pigs. </P>
Cho, Jin Ho,Liu, Shu Dong,Yun, Won,Kim, Kwang Sik,Kim, In Ho,Plaizier, J. Canadian Science Publishing 2019 Canadian journal of animal science Vol.99 No.1
<P> A total of 125 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 7.66 ± 1.30 kg were randomly distributed into one of five dietary treatments. Each treatment had five replicate pens with five pigs per pen. Treatments were as followed: (1) CON, control diet; (2) zinc oxide (ZO), CON + 0.3% ZO; (3) ZOM, CON + 0.3% ZO + 0.1% microencapsulated organic acids and pure botanicals (MOP); (4) microencapsulated zinc oxide (MZO), CON + 0.03% MZO; and (5) MZOM, CON + 0.03% MZO + 0.1% MOP. The MZO group had higher (P = 0.03) final BW than ZO group and also had higher (P = 0.04, 0.01) average daily gain and gain/feed ratio compared with ZO group during days 15-34 and throughout the experimental period. The MZO and MZOM had higher (P @@<@@ 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and energy than ZO. Less (P @@<@@ 0.05) feces Escherichia coli shedding was observed in the ZOM and MZOM diets compared with CON; the MZO had lowered (P = 0.001) zinc level in feces than ZO and CON. In conclusion, results indicated that supplementation with 0.3% MZO could improve the growth performance and ATTD of DM; inclusion of 0.1% MOP could decrease feces E. coli shedding and also decrease the zinc level in feces in weanling pigs. </P>