Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Klionsky, Daniel J,Abdelmohsen, Kotb,Abe, Akihisa,Abedin, Md Joynal,Abeliovich, Hagai,Acevedo Arozena, Abraham,Adachi, Hiroaki,Adams, Christopher M,Adams, Peter D,Adeli, Khosrow,Adhihetty, Peter J,Adl Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 AUTOPHAGY Vol.12 No.1

Long Vascular Sheaths for Transfemoral Neuroendovascular Procedures in Children

Adam A. Dmytriw,Winston Ha,Suzanne Bickford,Kartik Bhatia,Manohar shroff,Peter Dirks,Prakash Muthusami 대한신경중재치료의학회 2021 Neurointervention Vol.16 No.2

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of long vascular sheaths for transfemoral neuroendovascular procedures in children. Materials and Methods A retrospective evaluation of transfemoral neuroendovascular procedures in children <18 years, using long sheaths was undertaken analyzing procedure type, fluoroscopic times, technical success, access site and systemic complications. Twenty-seven consecutive procedures were included over a 2-year period. Mean age was 8.4 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.3) (range 17.0 months–16.3 years). Results Patients were 44% female and mean weight was 35.0 kg (SD 22.8) (range 9.8–72.2 kg). A third of the procedures were performed in ≤15 kg children. The most common procedure was for embolization (n=13, 48.1%) and the most common indication was dual microcatheter technique (52%). The most common device used was the 5 Fr Cook Shuttle sheath. Mean fluoroscopy time was 61.9 minutes (SD 43.1). Of these procedures, 93% were technically successful. Femoral vasospasm, when present, was self-limiting. Complications (3/27, 11.1%) included groin hematoma (n=1), neck vessel spasm that resolved with verapamil (n=1), and intracranial thromboembolism (n=1), with no significant difference between the ≤15 kg and >15 kg subcohorts. There were no aorto-femoro-iliac or limb-ischemic complications. Conclusion Long vascular sheaths without short femoral sheaths can be safely used for pediatric neuroendovascular procedures as they effectively increase inner diameter access without increasing the outer sheath diameter. This property increases the range of devices used and intracranial techniques that can be safely performed without arterial compromise, thus increasing the repertoire of the neurointerventionist.

Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with higher 90-day systemic complications compared to osteoarthritis after total shoulder arthroplasty: a cohort study

Peter Boufadel,Jad Lawand,Ryan Lopez,Mohamad Y. Fares,Mohammad Daher,Adam Z. Khan,Brian W. Hill,Joseph A. Abboud 대한견주관절학회 2024 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can present unique challenges. The aim of this study was to compare both systemic and joint-related postoperative complications in patients undergoing primary TSA with RA versus those with primary osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Using the TriNetX database, Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition codes were used to identify patients who underwent primary TSA. Patients were categorized into two cohorts: RA and OA. After 1:1 propensity score matching, postoperative systemic complications within 90 days following primary TSA and joint-related complications within 5 years following anatomic TSA (aTSA) and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) were compared. Results: After propensity score matching, the RA and OA cohorts each consisted of 8,523 patients. Within 90 days postoperation, RA patients had a significantly higher risk of total complications, deep surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, acute renal failure, urinary tract infection, mortality, and readmission compared to the OA cohort. RA patients had a significantly greater risk of periprosthetic joint infection and prosthetic dislocation within 5 years following aTSA and RSA, and a greater risk of scapular fractures following RSA. Among RA patients, RSA had a significantly higher risk of prosthetic dislocation, scapular fractures, and revision compared to aTSA. Conclusions: Following TSA, RA patients should be considered at higher risk of systemic and joint-related complications compared to patients with primary OA. Knowledge of the risk profile of RA patients undergoing TSA is essential for appropriate patient counseling and education. Level of evidence: III.

Super-resolution Optical Measurement of Nanoscale Photoacid Distribution in Lithographic Materials

Berro, Adam J.,Berglund, Andrew J.,Carmichael, Peter T.,Kim, Jong Seung,Liddle, J. Alexander American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.11

<P>We demonstrate a method using photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM) in a soft-material system, with a rhodamine-lactam dye that is activated by both ultraviolet light and protonation, to reveal the nanoscale photoacid distribution in a model photoresist. Chemically amplified resists are the principal lithographic materials used in the semiconductor industry. The photoacid distribution generated upon exposure and its subsequent evolution during post-exposure bake is a major limiting factor in determining the resolution and lithographic quality of the final developed resist image. Our PALM data sets resolve the acid distribution in a latent image with subdiffraction limit accuracy. Our overall accuracy is currently limited by residual mechanical drift.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2012/ancac3.2012.6.issue-11/nn304285m/production/images/medium/nn-2012-04285m_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn304285m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Aspirin resistance as cardiovascular risk after kidney transplantation

Barbara Sandor,Adam Varga,Miklos Rabai,Andras Toth,Judit Papp,Kalman Toth,Peter Szakaly 한국유변학회 2014 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.26 No.2

International surveys have shown that the leading cause of death after kidney transplantation has cardiovascularorigin with a prevalence of 35-40%. As a preventive strategy these patients receive aspirin (ASA)therapy, even though their rate of aspirin resistance is still unknown. In our study, platelet aggregation measurementswere performed between 2009 and 2012 investigating the laboratory effect of low-dose aspirin(100 mg) treatment using a CARAT TX4 optical aggregometer. ASA therapy was considered clinically effectivein case of low (i.e., below 40%) epinephrine-induced (10 μM) platelet aggregation index. Rate of aspirinresistance, morbidity and mortality data of kidney transplanted patients (n = 255, mean age: 49 ± 12 years)were compared to a patient population with cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases (n = 346, mean age: 52.6 ± 11years). Rate of aspirin resistance was significantly higher in the renal transplantation group (RT) compared tothe positive control group (PC) (35.9% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.002). Morbidity analysis demonstrated significantlyhigher incidence of myocardial infarction, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the RT group (p < 0.05). Thesubgroup analysis revealed significantly higher incidence of infarction and stroke in the ASA resistant RTgroup compared to the RT patients without ASA resistance (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of myocardialinfarction and hypertension was significantly higher in the non-resistant RT group than in the groupof PC patients without ASA resistance (p < 0.05). These results may suggest that the elevated rate of aspirinresistance contributes to the high cardiovascular mortality after kidney transplantation.

Do some patients receive unnecessary parenteral nutrition after pancreatoduodenectomy? Results from an international multicentre study

Thomas B. Russell,Peter L. Labib,Paula Murphy,Fabio Ausania,Elizabeth Pando,Keith J. Roberts,Ambareen Kausar,Vasileios K. Mavroeidis,Gabriele Marangoni,Sarah C. Thomasset,Adam E. Frampton,Pavlos Lykou 한국간담췌외과학회 2024 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.28 No.1

Backgrounds/Aims: After pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), an early oral diet is recommended; however, the postoperative nutritional management of PD patients is known to be highly variable, with some centers still routinely providing parenteral nutrition (PN). Some patients who receive PN experience clinically significant complications, underscoring its judicious use. Using a large cohort, this study aimed to determine the proportion of PD patients who received postoperative nutritional support (NS), describe the nature of this support, and investigate whether receiving PN correlated with adverse perioperative outcomes. Methods: Data were extracted from the Recurrence After Whipple’s study, a retrospective multicenter study of PD outcomes. Results: In total, 1,323 patients (89%) had data on their postoperative NS status available. Of these, 45% received postoperative NS, which was “enteral only,” “parenteral only,” and “enteral and parenteral” in 44%, 35%, and 21% of cases, respectively. Body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 (p = 0.03), absence of preoperative biliary stenting (p = 0.009), and serum albumin < 36 g/L (p = 0.009) all correlated with receiving postoperative NS. Among those who did not develop a serious postoperative complication, i.e., those who had a relatively uneventful recovery, 20% received PN. Conclusions: A considerable number of patients who had an uneventful recovery received PN. PN is not without risk, and should be reserved for those who are unable to take an oral diet. PD patients should undergo pre- and postoperative assessment by nutrition professionals to ensure they are managed appropriately, and to optimize perioperative outcomes.

Percutaneous transhepatic access to allow per-oral enteric stent insertion for malignant duodenal obstruction following failed endoscopic attempt

Renan E. Ibrahem Adam,Peter Thurley,Graham Pollock 소화기인터벤션의학회 2019 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.8 No.4

The treatment options for malignant gastric outlet obstruction include antegrade stent placement or surgical bypass, the latter being associated with a higher level of morbidity and therefore often reserved for cases in which stenting is not technically possible. Antegrade stent placement can be endoscopic, fluoroscopic or a combination. We report a case in which standard antegrade attempts at stenting failed, but where it was possible to use a retrograde approach via the biliary tree to facilitate technically and clinically successful stent placement.

Aspirin resistance as cardiovascular risk after kidney transplantation

Sandor, Barbara,Varga, Adam,Rabai, Miklos,Toth, Andras,Papp, Judit,Toth, Kalman,Szakaly, Peter 한국유변학회 2014 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.26 No.2

International surveys have shown that the leading cause of death after kidney transplantation has cardiovascular origin with a prevalence of 35-40%. As a preventive strategy these patients receive aspirin (ASA) therapy, even though their rate of aspirin resistance is still unknown. In our study, platelet aggregation measurements were performed between 2009 and 2012 investigating the laboratory effect of low-dose aspirin (100 mg) treatment using a CARAT TX4 optical aggregometer. ASA therapy was considered clinically effective in case of low (i.e., below 40%) epinephrine-induced ($10{\mu}M$) platelet aggregation index. Rate of aspirin resistance, morbidity and mortality data of kidney transplanted patients (n = 255, mean age: $49{\pm}12$ years) were compared to a patient population with cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases (n = 346, mean age: $52.6{\pm}11$ years). Rate of aspirin resistance was significantly higher in the renal transplantation group (RT) compared to the positive control group (PC) (35.9% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.002). Morbidity analysis demonstrated significantly higher incidence of myocardial infarction, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the RT group (p < 0.05). The subgroup analysis revealed significantly higher incidence of infarction and stroke in the ASA resistant RT group compared to the RT patients without ASA resistance (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of myocardial infarction and hypertension was significantly higher in the non-resistant RT group than in the group of PC patients without ASA resistance (p < 0.05). These results may suggest that the elevated rate of aspirin resistance contributes to the high cardiovascular mortality after kidney transplantation.

Does an extensive diagnostic workup for upfront resectable pancreatic cancer result in a delay which affects survival? Results from an international multicentre study

Thomas B. Russell,Peter L. Labib,Jemimah Denson,Fabio Ausania,Elizabeth Pando,Keith J. Roberts,Ambareen Kausar,Vasileios K. Mavroeidis,Gabriele Marangoni,Sarah C. Thomasset,Adam E. Frampton,Pavlos Lyk 한국간담췌외과학회 2023 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.27 No.4

Backgrounds/Aims: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is recommended in fit patients with a carcinoma (PDAC) of the pancreatic head, and a delayed resection may affect survival. This study aimed to correlate the time from staging to PD with long-term survival, and study the impact of preoperative investigations (if any) on the timing of surgery. Methods: Data were extracted from the Recurrence After Whipple’s (RAW) study, a multicentre retrospective study of PD outcomes. Only PDAC patients who underwent an upfront resection were included. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemo-/radiotherapy were excluded. Group A (PD within 28 days of most recent preoperative computed tomography [CT]) was compared to group B (> 28 days). Results: A total of 595 patents were included. Compared to group A (median CT-PD time: 12.5 days, interquartile range: 6–21), group B (49 days, 39–64.5) had similar one-year survival (73% vs. 75%, p = 0.6), five-year survival (23% vs. 21%, p = 0.6) and median time-todeath (17 vs. 18 months, p = 0.8). Staging laparoscopy (43 vs. 29.5 days, p = 0.009) and preoperative biliary stenting (39 vs. 20 days, p < 0.001) were associated with a delay to PD, but magnetic resonance imaging (32 vs. 32 days, p = 0.5), positron emission tomography (40 vs. 31 days, p > 0.99) and endoscopic ultrasonography (28 vs. 32 days, p > 0.99) were not. Conclusions: Although a treatment delay may give rise to patient anxiety, our findings would suggest this does not correlate with worse survival. A delay may be necessary to obtain further information and minimize the number of PD patients diagnosed with early disease recurrence.

Percutaneous transhepatic access to allow per-oral enteric stent insertion for malignant duodenal obstruction following failed endoscopic attempt

Renan E. Ibrahem Adam,Peter Thurley,Graham Pollock 소화기인터벤션의학회 2019 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.8 No.4

The treatment options for malignant gastric outlet obstruction include antegrade stent placement or surgical bypass, the latter being associated with a higher level of morbidity and therefore often reserved for cases in which stenting is not technically possible. Antegrade stent placement can be endoscopic, fluoroscopic or a combination. We report a case in which standard antegrade attempts at stenting failed, but where it was possible to use a retrograde approach via the biliary tree to facilitate technically and clinically successful stent placement.