Survival and Performance of Two Cellulose-Degrading Microbial Systems Inoculated into Wheat Straw-Amended Soil

( Pei Pei Li ),( Dong Dong Zhang ),( Xiao Juan Wang ),( Xiao Fen Wang ),( Zong Jun Cui1 ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.1

A cellulose-degrading composite microbial system containing a mixture of microbes was previously shown to demonstrate a high straw-degrading capacity. To estimate its potential utilization as an inoculant to accelerate straw biodegradation after returning straw to the field, two cellulose-degrading composite microbial systems named ADS3 and WSD5 were inoculated into wheat straw-amended soil in the laboratory. The microbial survival of the inoculant was confirmed by a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, whereas the enhancement of straw degradation in soil was assessed by measuring the mineralization of the soil organic matter and the soil cellulase activity. The results indicated that most of the DGGE bands from ADS3 were detected after inoculation into straw-amended autoclaved soil, yet only certain bands from ADS3 and WSD5 were detected after inoculation into straw-amended non-autoclaved soil during five weeks of incubation; some bands were detected during the first two weeks after inoculation, and then disappeared in later stages. Organic matter mineralization was significantly higher in the soil inoculants ADS3 and WSD5 than in the uninoculated controls during the first week, yet the enhanced degradation did not persist during the subsequent incubation. Similar to the increase in soil organic matter, the cellulase activity also increased during the first week in the ADS3 and WSD5 treatments, yet decreased during the remainder of the incubation period. Thus, it was concluded that, although the survival and performance of the two inoculants did not persist in the soil, a significant enhancement of degradation was present during the early stage of incubation.

A Rapid and Simple Method for DNA Preparation of Magnaporthe oryzae from Single Rice Blast Lesions for PCR-Based Molecular Analysis

Liying Dong(Liying Dong),Shufang Liu(Shufang Liu),Jing Li(Jing Li),Didier Tharreau(Didier Tharreau ),Pei Liu(Pei Liu),Dayun Tao(Dayun Tao),Qinzhong Yang(Qinzhong Yang) 한국식물병리학회 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.6

Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide, and the causative agent is the filamentous ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae. With the successful cloning of more and more avirulence genes from M. oryzae, the direct extraction of M. oryzae genomic DNA from infected rice tissue would be useful alternative for rapid monitoring of changes of avirulence genes without isolation and cultivation of the pathogen. In this study, a fast, low-cost and reliable method for DNA preparation of M. oryzae from a small piece of infected single rice leaf or neck lesion was established. This single step method only required 10 min for DNA preparation and conventional chemical reagents commonly found in the laboratory. The AvrPik and AvrPi9 genes were successfully amplified with the prepared DNA. The expected DNA fragments from 570 bp to 1,139 bp could be amplified even three months after DNA preparation. This method was also suitable for DNA preparation from M. oryzae strains stored on the filter paper. All together these results indicate that the DNA preparation method established in this study is reliable, and could meet the basic needs for polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of M. oryzae.

A Rapid and Simple Method for DNA Preparation of Magnaporthe oryzae from Single Rice Blast Lesions for PCR-Based Molecular Analysis

Liying Dong(Liying Dong),Shufang Liu(Shufang Liu),Jing Li(Jing Li),Didier Tharreau(Didier Tharreau ),Pei Liu(Pei Liu),Dayun Tao(Dayun Tao),Qinzhong Yang(Qinzhong Yang) 한국식물병리학회 2023 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.39 No.2

Recommendation of the types and parameters of radial basis functions for metamodel-based sequential global optimization

Pei Dong Wang(왕베동),최동훈 대한기계학회 2017 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2017 No.5

For sequential approximate global optimization (SAGO), use of an appropriate metamodel is important for efficiently finding the global minimum. In this study, we adopted a radial basis function (RBF) as a metamodel and constrained optimization by radial basis function interpolation (COBRA) proposed by Regis in 2014 as a SAGO method. Difficulty of selecting an appropriate RBF, i.e. selecting appropriate type and associated parameter (if any) of an RBF, lies in it is different from problem to problem. To cope with this intrinsic difficulty, we chose seven mathematical problems representing various kinds of problems, assessed performances of various RBFs using these example problems, and recommended the types and associated parameters (if any) of radial basis functions whose performances were generally good for most of the example problems. the types of RBFs examined were Gaussian, Multi-quadric, and thin plate spline, and associated parameter values (if any) examined were in a range. Also, the number of initial sample points was varied from NDV+1 to 50*NDV, where NDV denotes the number of design variables, to consider its influence on performance. Analyzing all these test results, we recommended the types and parameters of RBFs that are expected to perform well for the SAGO of many problems.

Scalable joint segmentation and registration framework for infant brain images

Dong, Pei,Wang, Li,Lin, Weili,Shen, Dinggang,Wu, Guorong Elsevier 2017 Neurocomputing Vol.229 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The first year of life is the most dynamic and perhaps the most critical phase of postnatal brain development. The ability to accurately measure structure changes is critical in early brain development study, which highly relies on the performances of image segmentation and registration techniques. However, either infant image segmentation or registration, if deployed independently, encounters much more challenges than segmentation/registration of adult brains due to dynamic appearance change with rapid brain development. In fact, image segmentation and registration of infant images can assists each other to overcome the above challenges by using the growth trajectories (i.e., temporal correspondences) learned from a large set of training subjects with complete longitudinal data. Specifically, a one-year-old image with ground-truth tissue segmentation can be first set as the reference domain. Then, to register the infant image of a new subject at earlier age, we can estimate its tissue probability maps, i.e., with sparse patch-based multi-atlas label fusion technique, where only the training images at the respective age are considered as atlases since they have similar image appearance. Next, these probability maps can be fused as a good initialization to guide the level set segmentation. Thus, image registration between the new infant image and the reference image is free of difficulty of appearance changes, by establishing correspondences upon the reasonably segmented images. Importantly, the segmentation of new infant image can be further enhanced by propagating the much more reliable label fusion heuristics at the reference domain to the corresponding location of the new infant image via the learned growth trajectories, which brings image segmentation and registration to assist each other. It is worth noting that our joint segmentation and registration framework is also flexible to handle the registration of any two infant images even with significant age gap in the first year of life, by linking their joint segmentation and registration through the reference domain. Thus, our proposed joint segmentation and registration method is scalable to various registration tasks in early brain development studies. Promising segmentation and registration results have been achieved for infant brain MR images aged from 2-week-old to 1-year-old, indicating the applicability of our method in early brain development study.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We developed an efficient approach to deal with the tissue segmentation and registration for the infant brain MR images. </LI> <LI> Our proposed framework is scalable to various registration tasks in early brain development studies. </LI> <LI> Promising results have been achieved for infant brain MR images aged from 2-week-old to 1-year-old. </LI> <LI> The proposed technique can be very useful for many ongoing early brain development studies. </LI> </UL> </P>

Subcellular localization of endogenous IAA during poplar leaf rhizogenesis revealed by in situ immunocytochemistry

Ningguang Dong,Dong Pei,Ying Gao,Yanbin Hao,Weilun Yin 한국식물생명공학회 2014 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.8 No.5

Poplar 741 [Populus alba 9 (P. davidiana? P. simonii) 9 P. tomentosa] leaves were rootedwithin 8 days when cultured on 1/2 MS medium. Thesubcellular localization of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) in the rhizogenesis was investigated, using animmunocytochemical approach. The results of IAA subcellularlocalization revealed organelle-specific distribution. Three days after root induction, IAA in vascularcambium cells of the basal region of the petiole was distributedmainly in the plasma membrane, endoplasmicreticulum (ER), and nucleus, with a lesser amount in thecytoplasm. In phloem of the basal region of the petiole,IAA was detected in the plasma membrane and ER of thecompanion cell and in the plasma membrane of the sieveelement. In xylem of the basal region of the petiole, no IAAgold particles were labeled. In mesophyll cells IAA wasdistributed in the chloroplast starch grains before rootinduction, and the amount in the chloroplast starch grainsincreased after 3 days after root induction. This suggeststhat the plasma membrane and nucleus of cambium cellsmay be the target sites where IAA performs its physiologicalactivities during poplar leaf rhizogenesis. IAA polartransport from lamina mesophyll to the basal region of thepetiole during rhizogenesis is mediated by phloem. Thestarch grains of mesophyll chloroplasts appeared to accumulateIAA and may be a source of IAA during poplar leafrhizogenesis. Novel and direct evidence regarding thefunction of IAA during rhizogenesis is provided in thisstudy.

The role of miRNA‑155 in monocrotaline‑induced pulmonary arterial hypertension through c‑Fos/NLRP3/caspase‑1

Shou‑Dong Chai,Zhen‑Kun Li,Rui Liu,Tao Liu,Ming‑Feng Dong,Pei‑Zhe Tang,Jian‑Tang Wang,Sheng‑Jun Ma 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Nisoldipine can effectively suppress pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and c-Fos expression. Objective To identify the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), focusing on the c-Fos/NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway. Results In a mice model of monocrotaline-induced PAH, miRNA-155 expression was increased. In an in vitro model, overexpression of miRNA-155 promoted inflammation and induced c-Fos, NLRP3, and caspase-1 protein expression. The inhibition of c-Fos reduced the effects of miRNA-155 on inflammation in an in vitro model of monocrotaline-induced PAH. The inhibition of NLRP3 reduced the effects of miRNA-155 on inflammation in an in vitro model of monocrotaline-induced PAH. Conclusions miRNA-155 increased inflammation in monocrotaline-induced PAH through c-Fos/NLRP3/caspase-1.

Tissue-specific localization and dynamic changes of endogenous IAA during poplar leaf rhizogenesis revealed by in situ immunohistochemistry

Ningguang Dong,Weilun Yin,Dong Pei 한국식물생명공학회 2012 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.6 No.2

Poplar 741 [Populus alba 9 (P. davidiana ?P. simonii) 9 P. tomentosa] leaves were rooted within 8 days when cultured on 1/2 MS medium. The spatial distribution of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and its dynamic changes in the rhizogenesis were investigated,using an immunohistochemical approach. Anatomical analyses showed that the root primordia arose from vascular cambium cells in the basal regions of the petioles of the leaves. Before root induction, immunostaining patterns showed a basipetally decreasing gradient of IAA along the leaves. Three days after induction, the IAA immunostaining pattern observed along the leaves was high at both ends and low in the middle. And IAA in the basal regions of the petiole was distributed mainly in the vascular bundles. Localized application of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA)on laminas of the leaves delayed the accumulation of IAA in the vascular bundles of the basal regions of the petioles,but not in the mesophyll of the laminas. These data indicate that an accumulation of IAA in the vascular bundles of the basal regions of the petioles induces the occurrence of rhizogenesis of poplar leaves. And IAA accumulated in the vascular bundle of the basal region of the petiole results from its polar transportation from mesophyll of the laminas,rather than by in situ IAA generation.

A Sphingosine Kinase-1 Inhibitor, SKI-II, Induces Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cells

Li, Pei-Hua,Wu, Jin-Xia,Zheng, Jun-Nian,Pei, Dong-Sheng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.23

SKI-II has been reported as an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 1 and has been extensively used to prove the involvement of sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate (Sphk1) in cellular processes. In the current study, we investigated the effects of SKI-II and its potential mechanisms in human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. After treatment with SKI-II, cell growth, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, expression of Sphk1, NF-${\kappa}B$, Bcl-2, Bax and p27 were assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and Western-blot assay, respectively. Our results showed that SKI-II markedly inhibited SGC7901 cell survival in a dose-dependent manner, reduced cell proliferation with accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis in the tumor cells. Furthermore, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry showed that the expression of p27 and Bax was increased significantly, but the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$, Bcl-2 and Sphk1 decreased by different degrees. These results indicate that SKI-II induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis. The increased apoptotic sensitivity of SGC7901 was correlated with NF-${\kappa}B$ or Bcl-2/Bax activation.

A new recombined porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus virulent strain in China

Jian-guo Dong,Lin-yang Yu,Pei-pei Wang,Le-yi Zhang,Yan-ling Liu,Peng-shuai Liang,Chang-xu Song 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.1

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important swine diseases worldwide. In the present study, a new virulent strain of PRRS virus (PRRSV), GDsg, was isolated in Guangdong province, China, and caused high fever, high morbidity, and high mortality in sows and piglets. The genome of this new strain was 15,413 nucleotides (nt) long, and comparative analysis revealed that GDsg shared 82.4% to 94% identity with type 2 PRRSV strains, but only 61.5% identity with type 1 PRRSV Lelystad virus strain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that type 2 PRRSV isolates include five subgenotypes (I, II, III, IV, and V), which are represented by NADC30, VR-2332, GM2, CH-1a, and HuN4, respectively. Moreover, GDsg belongs to a newly emerging type 2 PRRSV subgenotype III. More interestingly, the newly isolated GDsg strain has multiple discontinuous nt deletions, 131 (19 + 18 + 94) at position 1404–1540 and a 107 nt insertion in the NSP2 region. Most importantly, the GDsg strain was identified as a virus recombined between low pathogenic field strain QYYZ and vaccine strain JXA1-P80. In conclusion, a new independent subgenotype and recombinant PRRSV strain has emerged in China and could be a new threat to the swine industry of China.