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Methods of Mineral Engineering in a Fight Against Varrosa Infestation
Maciej Pawlikowski,Hubert Przybyszewski,Lech Stę,pień, 한국식품보건융합학회 2019 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.5 No.1
The purpose of previous study centered around introducing minerals into bee colonies was to observe the Varrosa destructor mites-repelling effect of minerals (“Pszczelarstwo” 6/2016). The results of research published so far confirmed the purpose of using minerals in the fight against Varrosa infestation. This publication presents partial results of the next stage of research. Using foundation enriched with studied minerals in right proportions leads to diminishing the number of Varroa destructor parasites in bee colonies. It may also contribute to increase in the amount of honey obtained from bees. Foundations with minerals were in most cases correctly filled with larvae, and the new generation of bees didn’t show any morphometric or physical-motor aberrations. The effect of minerals in the foundation weakens with time, which requires adequate reaction from the beekeeper. The study showed no negative effect of mineral suspensions added directly to royal jelly of larvae in the swarm cells and worker cells on the development of bees. Additional research was carried out in August and September and led to surprising observations, which are still too early to report. It obliges us to carry out further, extended subject research on a large number of bee colonies in 2017.
Takei Mari,Nin Charles,Iizuka Tomona,Pawlikowski Marine,Selva Marie-Ange,Chantran Yannick,Nakajima Yurie,Zheng Jingkang,Aizawa Tomoyasu,Ebisawa Motohiro,Sénéchal Hélène,Poncet Pascal 대한천식알레르기학회 2022 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.14 No.3
The Capsicum genus belongs to the Solanaceae family. Bell or chili peppers are consumed worldwide, but allergy to Capsicum is rare. It is involved in the celery-birch-mugwort-spice syndrome and cross-reactivities were reported with latex. Several allergens have been described, but only 2 are referenced in the World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies allergen data bank, a thaumatin-like protein and a profilin. A patient allergic to bell/chili pepper, peach, orange and Japanese cedar pollen was clinically and biologically analyzed including direct and competitive immunoblots and basophil activation tests (BATs) with allergenic source extracts and recombinant gibberellin-regulated proteins (GRPs). The patient was shown to be sensitized to Cap a 7, the GRP of Capsicum annuum newly described herein. Cross-reactivities were demonstrated between various GRPs from bell/chili pepper, peach, orange and Japanese cedar pollen either in native form in the different extracts or as recombinant allergens. A similar immunoglobulin E reactivity was found also in Capsicum chinense and against snakin-1, the GRP from potato. The patient showed a positive BAT with recombinant Cry j 7, Pru p 7 and Cap a 7, but not with recombinant snakin-1. Despite the ubiquitous nature of GRPs in plants and the immunochemical cross-reactivity observed between different GRPs, clinically relevant sensitization to this protein family seems restricted to some allergenic sources, often associated with Cupressaceae pollen allergy, and to some patients, therefore reflecting very specific and peculiar mechanisms of conditional sensitization.
An Efficient Transport Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks: An End-to-End Freeze TCP with Timestamps
Cho, Sung-Rae,Sirisena, Harsha,Pawlikowski, Krzysztof The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2004 Journal of communications and networks Vol.6 No.4
In ad hoc networks, loss-based congestion window progression by the traditional means of duplicate ACKs and timeouts causes high network buffer utilization due to large bursts of data, thereby degrading network bandwidth utilization. Moreover, network-oriented feedbacks to handle route disconnection events may impair packet forwarding capability by adding to MAC layer congestion and also dissipate considerable network resources at reluctant intermediate nodes. Here, we propose a new TCP scheme that does not require the participation of intermediate nodes. It is a purely end-to-end scheme using TCP timestamps to deduce link conditions. It also eliminates spurious reductions of the transmission window in cases of timeouts and fast retransmits. The scheme incorporates a receiver-oriented rate controller (rater), and a congestion window delimiter for the 802.11 MAC protocol. In addition, the transient nature of medium availability due to medium contention during the connection time is addressed by a freezing timer (freezer) at the receiver, which freezes the sender whenever heavy contention is perceived. Finally, the sender-end is modified to comply with the receiver-end enhancements, as an optional deployment. Simulation studies show that our modification of TCP for ad hoc networks offers outstanding performance in terms of goodput, as well as throughput.