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Chini Deep Sankar,Mondal Niladri,Kar Avijit,Bunholi Ingrid,Singh Sourav,Ghosh Pratik,Patra Prasanta,Patra Shampa,Patra Bidhan Chandra 한국해양과학기술원 2023 Ocean science journal Vol.58 No.2
Marine fishes are one of the important factors in stabilizing the local aquatic ecosystem and regulating the nutritional socioeconomy of local fisher folks. The recent increases in anthropogenic activity, pollution and overfishing have led to the decline of marine fish species richness and their local aquatic habitats. In this study we sought to determine the inter-relationship between water quality, anthropogenic activity, and fish landing stations through a 31 km stretch of the East Midnapore coast in West Bengal, India which is known for its tourist destinations. The study was conducted monthly on different trawler fish landing sites from Dec 2018 to Dec 2021. During this period, we took fish samples and identified them. We obtained water quality data regarding Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Concentration of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Turbidity, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in order to identify further correlation between the water quality analysis and species diversity. 154 numbers of commercially important marine fish species were documented. As per the IUCN database, 13% of the total fish species fall under the red list category and 16% of the species reveal a decreasing population trend. The availability of those red-listed fish throughout the season has been shown in the matrix plot to detect their gradual decrease in sighting. After analyzing the water quality data, we found out that DO, SST, Turbidity, and Chl-a correlate with the species richness on some sites and the water parameters are also differs during the seasons. Both fish species richness and water quality have been affected on those fish landing sites which have been subject to heavy anthropogenic loads.
Properties of concrete incorporating granulated blast furnace slag as fine aggregate
Patra, Rakesh Kumar,Mukharjee, Bibhuti Bhusan Techno-Press 2017 Advances in concrete construction Vol.5 No.5
The present work investigates about the development of a novel construction material by utilizing Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBS), an industrial waste product, as substitution of natural fine aggregates. For this, experimental work has been carried out to determine the influence of GBS on the properties of concrete such as compressive strength (CS), modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), chloride penetration, water absorption (WA) volume of voids (VV) and density. Concrete mixes of water/cement (w/c) ratios 0.45 and 0.5, and incorporating 20%, 40% and 60% of GBS as partial replacement of natural fine aggregate (sand) are designed for this study. The results of the experimental investigation depict that CS of concrete mixes increases with the increasing percentages of GBS. Moreover, the decrease in chloride penetration, WA and VV, and improvement in the modulus of elasticity, UPV, density of concrete is reported with the increasing percentage of GBS in concrete.
Patra, Rakesh Kumar,Mukharjee, Bibhuti Bhusan Techno-Press 2016 Advances in concrete construction Vol.4 No.4
Several types of industrial byproducts are generated. With increased environmental awareness and its potential hazardous effects, the utilization of industrial byproducts in concrete has become an attractive alternative to their disposal. One such by-product is ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), which is a byproduct of the smelting process carried out in the iron and steel industry. The GGBS is very effective in the design and development of high-strength and high-performance concrete. This paper reviews the effect of GGBS on the workability, porosity, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete.
Patra, J.K.,Baek, K.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2017 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Bio Vol.173 No.-
In this study, a simple, rapid, and eco-friendly green method was introduced to synthesize magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPs) using the aqueous extracts of two food processing wastes, namely silky hairs of corn (Zea mays L.) and outer leaves of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis). The boiled solutions of silky hairs (MH) and outer leaves of Chinese cabbage (CCP) were used to synthesize Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPs under photo exposed condition. The MH-FeNPs and CCP-FeNPs synthesized via green route were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The UV-Visible spectra displayed two absorption bands at 325nm and 375mm for the MH-FeNPs, and 325mm and 365mm for the CCP-FeNPs, respectively. The estimated absolute crystallite sizes of the MH-FeNPs and CCP-FeNPs were calculated to be 84.81 and 48.91nm, respectively. VSM analysis revealed that both FeNPs were superparamagnetic in nature. Both FeNPs mixed with kanamycin and rifampicin displayed positive synergistic antibacterial activity against pathogenic foodborne bacteria (9.36-24.42mm inhibition zones), and those mixed with amphotericin b also exerted synergistic anticandidal activity against five different pathogenic Candida species (9.81-17.68mm inhibition zones). Both FeNPs exhibited strong antioxidant activities; therefore, all the properties of the green synthesized MH-FeNPs and CCP-FeNPs using food processing wastes could be beneficial for their potential applications in various fields such as drug delivery, antibacterial and anticandidal drugs, and biomedical fields.
Patra, A.,Kundu, S.,Bhaumik, A.,Kim, D. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Nanoscale Vol.8 No.1
<P>We have developed a new green chemical approach for the shape-controlled synthesis of single-crystalline hematite nanocrystals in aqueous medium. FESEM, HRTEM and SAED techniques were used to determine the morphology and crystallographic orientations of each nanocrystal and its exposed facets. PXRD and HRTEM techniques revealed that the nanocrystals are single crystalline in nature; twins and stacking faults were not detected in these nanocrystals. The structural, vibrational, and electronic spectra of these nanocrystals were highly dependent on their shape. Different shaped hematite nanocrystals with distinct crystallographic planes have been synthesized under similar reaction conditions, which can be desired as a model for the purpose of properties comparison with the nanocrystals prepared under different reaction conditions. Here we investigated the photocatalytic performance of these different shaped-nanocrystals for methyl orange degradation in the presence of white light (lambda > 420 nm). In this study, we found that the density of surface Fe3+ ions in particular facets was the key factor for the photocatalytic activity and was higher on the bitruncated-dodecahedron shape nanocrystals by coexposed {104}, {100} and {001} facets, attributing to higher catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of different exposed facet nanocrystals were as follows: {104} + {100} + {001} (bitruncated-dodecahedron) > {101} + {001} (bitruncated-octahedron) > {001} + {110} (nanorods) > {012} (nanocuboid) which provided the direct evidence of exposed facet-driven photocatalytic activity. The nanocrystals were easily recoverable using an external magnet and reused at least six times without significant loss of its catalytic activity.</P>
Antioxidant Defense and Lipid Peroxide Level in Liver and Kidneys of Lead Exposed Rats
Patra, R.C.,Swarup, D.,Dwivedi, S.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.10
An experiment was carried out with 48 IVRI 2CQ rats 6-8 week old, weighing 50-100 g, to study the effect of lead exposure on antioxidant defense, lipid peroxide level, status of thiol groups and concentration of lead in the liver and kidneys at the end of the exposure and also after withdrawal of lead administration. Twenty four rats were given lead at a daily dose rate of 1 mg lead/2 ml of distilled water/kg body weight as lead acetate solution intraperitoneally for a period of 30 days. Another 24 control rats received 2 ml of sterile normal saline solution (0.85% NaCl)/kg body weight in an identical manner. A many-fold increase in concentration of lead was associated with a non-significant (p>0.05) decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver (27%) and kidneys (12%) and catalase in kidneys (22%). A significant (p<0.05) increase in lipid peroxide level was recorded in the liver (40%) compared with control values. There were significant (p<0.05) decreases in the total thiol and protein bound thiol contents in liver and an increase in non-protein bound thiol groups in the kidneys of lead exposed rats. During the 10 day observation period after withdrawal of lead administration, no significant change was observed with respect to any of the above parameters indicating that a 10 day withdrawal period was not enough for restoration of normality. It is concluded that the magnitude of response and the resultant changes in the lipid peroxide concentration, and the activities of SOD and catalase were not identical in the liver and kidneys of lead-exposed rats.