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The Unseen Threat: Microplastic Emissions from Face Masks and Limited Public Awareness
Park Yeonjung,Bae Heekyung,Park Ha-neul,Park Jeonggue,홍재환,Kim Younghun 한국화학공학회 2024 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.41 No.1
Masks are typically made of plastic materials, which can contribute to plastic pollution if not properly disposed. A survey should be conducted to assess the public awareness of microplastics (MP) emissions and mask disposal, which could inform targeted educational campaigns to promote sustainable practices. This study used an online survey to gather data from a sample of the general public aged 20 years or older who had used masks. The survey included questions on mask usage, disposal, and awareness of the presence of MP in masks. The survey found that, although awareness of the risks of MP was high, the respondents’ understanding of them was low, particularly among younger individuals. The survey also revealed that more than half of the respondents did not know whether their masks contained plastic materials and that there was a lack of awareness regarding the potential environmental and health impacts of improper mask disposal. These results revealed that it is crucial to raise public awareness of the environmental and health impacts of improper mask disposal and the presence of MP in masks.
Park Hanul,Park Young Joon,Lee Hye Young,Yu Mi,Song Yeong-Jun,Lee Sang Eun,Lee Ji-Joo,Lee Eun-Sol,Kim Yeonjung 질병관리본부 2022 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.13 No.6
Objectives: On November 5, 2021, Pfizer Inc. announced Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir+ritonavir) as a treatment method that could reduce the risk of hospitalization or death for patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: From February 6, 2022 to April 2, 2022, the incidence of COVID-19 and the effects of treatment with Paxlovid were analyzed in 2,241 patients and workers at 5 long-term care facilities during the outbreak of the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in South Korea.Results: The rate of severe illness or death in the group given Paxlovid was 51% lower than that of the non-Paxlovid group (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24−0.98). Compared to unvaccinated patients, patients who had completed 3 doses of the vaccine had a 71% reduced rate of severe illness or death (aRR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.13−0.64) and a 65% reduced death rate (aRR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15−0.79).Conclusion: Patients given Paxlovid showed a lower rate of severe illness or death and a lower fatality rate than those who did not receive Paxlovid. Patients who received 3 doses of the vaccine had a lower rate of severe illness or death and a lower fatality rate than the unvaccinated group.
박연정 ( Park Yeonjung ),이병찬 ( Lee Byungchan ) 대한체육학회 2021 대한스포츠융합학회지 (jcses) Vol.19 No.1
The purpose of this analysis was to verify the relationship between Taekwondo centre service quality and behavioral intention. To achieve the goal, a total of 272 questionnaires were distributed to Taekwondo centre in Sichuan, China. Conducted frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability verification, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis by utilizing SPSS 24.0 ver. The results are as follows. First, programme and human resources factor of Taekwondo centre had effected on re-visit intention of behavioral intention. However physical environment of Taekwondo centre service quality had no effect on re-visit intention. Second, physical environment and programme factor of Taekwondo service quality had effected on oral intention of behavioral intention.
( Yonggun Park ),( Yeonjung Han ),( Jun-ho Park ),( Hyunwoo Chung ),( Hyunbin Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2018 목재공학 Vol.46 No.5
In this study, the decay resistance of larch wood, which was heat treated by superheated steam, was evaluated by the field decay test. During the field decay test of 12 months, non-treated wood has been severely damaged by termite, however, no visible damage has occurred in the preservative-treated wood and superheated steam heat-treated wood. Results of field decay test showed approximately 5% mass loss of the non-treated wood and the preservative-treated wood, and approximately 1% mass loss of the superheated steam heat-treated wood. After the field decay test for 12 months, the residual amount of preservatives remaining in the preservative-treated wood was lower than that before the field decay test. It was considered that the preservative was partially eluted during the field decay test, and the mass loss of the preservative-treated wood was thought to be similar to that of the non-treated wood. Through this study and additional long-term monitoring test, superheated steam heat treatment can be considered to be an environmental-friendly method to enhance the decay resistance of wood against rot fungi and/or insect without chemical treatment such as preservative injection.
과열증기 열처리 낙엽송재의 물리?역학적 성능 및 내후성능 평가
박용건 ( Yonggun Park ),박준호 ( Jun-ho Park ),양상윤 ( Sang-yun Yang ),정현우 ( Hyunwoo Chung ),김현빈 ( Hyunbin Kim ),한연중 ( Yeonjung Han ),장윤성 ( Yoon-seong Chang ),김경중 ( Kyoungjung Kim ),여환명 ( Hwanmyeong Yeo ) 한국목재공학회 2016 목재공학 Vol.44 No.5
In this study, green Larix kaempferi lumber was heat-treated by using superheated steam (SHS) at a pilot scale and then various physico-mechanical properties of the heat-treated wood were evaluated and compared with the properties of conventional hot air (HA) heat-treated wood. Decay resistance of brown rot fungi and compressive strength parallel to the grain of the SHS heat treated wood without occurrence of drying check from green lumber were increased. On the other hand, density, equilibrium moisture content, shrinkage, and bending strength of the SHS heat-treated wood were lower than those of the conventional HA heat-treated wood. Because heat transfer and thermal hydrolysis of SHS heat treatment was accelerated by a large amount of water, the effect of SHS heat treatment on the physico-mechanical properties was higher than that of HA heat treatment at the similar conditions of temperature and time. From the results of this study, because green lumber can be heat-treated without occurrence of cracks or checks by using SHS and similar heat treatment effect on the physico-mechanical properties of wood can be produced despite a low temperature or short time of heat treatment, it is expected that heat time and energy consumption could be reduced by using SHS.
고온 열기 처리에 의한 낙엽송재의 물리,역학적 성능 및 내부후성능 변화 고찰
박용건 ( Yonggun Park ),한연중 ( Yeonjung Han ),박준호 ( Jun Ho Park ),장윤성 ( Yoon Seong Chang ),양상윤 ( Sang Yun Yang ),정현우 ( Hyunwoo Chung ),김경중 ( Kyungjung Kim ),여환명 ( Hwanmyeong Yeo ) 한국목재공학회 2015 목재공학 Vol.43 No.3
This study was carried out to evaluate quantitatively some properties (density, equilibrium moisture content, shrinkage, water vapor adsorption, water absorptivity, compressive strength, bending strength, hardness and decay resistance) of Larix kaempferi lumber which was heat-treated by hot air and has been used commercially in Korea. Equilibrium moisture content of the heat-treated wood was decreased with increase of hydrophobicity. Dimensional stability of the wood was improved with decrease of shrinkage, water vapor adsorption and free water absorptivity. Also, with the thermo-chemical changes of wood component and lower equilibrium moisture content, decay resistance and
Hyejin Kim,Juyoung Park,Handule Lee,Jinseon Son,Yeonjung Park,Heekyung Bae,Sun-Young Park,Sang Hee Lee,Jungkwan Seo,Sunkyung Shin,Kwangsik Park 환경독성보건학회 2023 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.38 No.4
Regulatory decisions for skin sensitization are now based on adverse outcome pathway (AOP) and integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA). Based on these, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines on defined approaches for skin sensitization were adopted with a fixed data interpretation procedure (DIP). In the guidelines, “Defined Approaches” (DA) on skin sensitization uses the results from multiple information sources of in chemico, in vitro, and in silico data to achieve an equivalent predictive capacity as those of the animal tests. In this review, we evaluated the skin sensitization of eleven isothiazolinone compounds including 4,5-Dichloro-2-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone (DCOIT), 2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (OIT), 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2-butyl (BBIT), 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT), 2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MTMIT), 2-methyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one (MBIT), 2-methyl-1,2-benzothiazole-3-thione (MBIT-S), 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-, 1,1-dioxide (BBIT-O), and a mixture of CMIT/MIT. Data from direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), human cell line activation (h-CLAT) test, and quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) Toolbox were evaluated and were applied to the DIP to derive a prediction of hazard identification and a potency classification. Among the evaluated chemicals, six isothiazolinone compounds were classified to be UN GHS 1A, one compound to be UN GHS 1, and four compounds could not be classified due to lack of data. The results of sensitizer chemicals were found to coincide well with those of in vivo test.
( Kyu Sik Jung ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Mi Na Kim ),( Hana Park ),( Yun Bin Lee ),( Joo Ho Lee ),( Yeonjung Ha ),( Beom Kyung Kim ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Do Young Kim ),( Hana Park ),( Kyu 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: The change of hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients under regular follow up has not been widely investigated. We investigated the serial changes of hepatic steatosis assessed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and the predictors for improvement of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients. Methods: Among 513 NAFLD patients diagnosed upon ultrasound and CAP > 250 dB/m at baseline, 304 patients underwent repeated CAP measurement at baseline and at follow up. The improvement of hepatic steatosis was defined as a >10% decline of CAP value from the baseline. Results: Mean age of 304 patients was 58.8 ± 11.4 years and 80.1% were male. The mean CAP value significantly decreased from baseline to follow up (292.3 dB/m to 277.1 dB/m, P<0.001). During the median follow up of 15.3 (9.5-20.3) months, 34.5% patients showed improvement of hepatic steatosis. In a univariate analysis, low body mass index (BMI), low weight, low liver stiffness value, low triglyceride level, and low ALT at follow up were predictors for improvement of hepatic steatosis. In multivariate analyses, low weight (P=0.004; hazard ratio [HR],0.965; confidence interval [CI], 0.941-0.988) and low ALT (P=0.004; HR,0.971;CI, 0.951-0.990) at follow up, or low BMI (P=0.006; HR,0.881; CI, 0.805-0.964) and low ALT (P=0.004; HR,0.971; CI, 0.951-0.990) at follow up were the independent predictors. In patients with weight reduction more than 10% (n=22), CAP value significantly decreased (from 288.0 dB/m to 228.9dB/m, P<0.001). Conclusions: Weight reduction, and ALT decrease were independent predictors for improvement of hepatic steatosis. Long term effect of weight reduction on improvement of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis should be investigated further.