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Analysis of Construction Cost Fluctuation Trends and Features on Apartment Housing
Park, Wonyoung,Kang, Tai-Kyung,Baek, Seung-Ho,Lee, Yoo-Sub The Korean Institute of Building Construction 2012 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.12 No.6
Construction projects, including housing, are carried out over long periods of time. According to changes to the construction period, the cost of input materials and wages also changes. Therefore appropriate management is important in order to minimize cost risks caused by fluctuations in prices. In Korea, housing units are usually sold in lots prior to construction completion. Therefore, careful management of input elements such as materials and equipment that are sensitive to price fluctuations is very important. This study deals with how the price fluctuation of materials, labor, and equipment influences the change of housing cost and seeks a way for cost management through identifying key resources sensitive to price fluctuation. As a result, a change to the housing cost index multiplies depending on cost changes of materials and labor together. Labor costs are a major factor on the housing cost index. In addition, certain types of materials and labor input to housing construction greatly influence price fluctuations. Thus, it is found that managing those main cost factors is the key for effective cost management.
Diversity and complexity of cell death: a historical review
Park Wonyoung,Wei Shibo,Kim Bo-Sung,Kim Bo-Sung,Bae Sung-Jin,Chae Young Chan,Ryu Dongryeol,Ha Ki-Tae 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
Death is the inevitable fate of all living organisms, whether at the individual or cellular level. For a long time, cell death was believed to be an undesirable but unavoidable final outcome of nonfunctioning cells, as inflammation was inevitably triggered in response to damage. However, experimental evidence accumulated over the past few decades has revealed different types of cell death that are genetically programmed to eliminate unnecessary or severely damaged cells that may damage surrounding tissues. Several types of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagic cell death, and lysosomal cell death, which are classified as programmed cell death, and pyroptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis, which are classified as inflammatory cell death, have been described over the years. Recently, several novel forms of cell death, namely, mitoptosis, paraptosis, immunogenic cell death, entosis, methuosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, autosis, alkaliptosis, oxeiptosis, cuproptosis, and erebosis, have been discovered and advanced our understanding of cell death and its complexity. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the discovery and characterization of different forms of cell death and highlight their diversity and complexity. We also briefly discuss the regulatory mechanisms underlying each type of cell death and the implications of cell death in various physiological and pathological contexts. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of different mechanisms of cell death that can be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
Park, Sungmin,Nam, Gyungmok,Choi, Young,Woo, Seungpyo,Uhm, Wonyoung,Park, Sanghyun,Yoon, Sang-Hee Elsevier 2018 Composites science and technology Vol.159 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A functional polymer-matrix composite (PMC) with controllable material properties is emerging as a promising material for the smart sensors in structural health monitoring (SHM). A GnF/PDMS composite is developed as a new functional PMC by blending graphite nanoflakes (GnFs) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) where GnF and PDMS are used as a reinforcing/conductive filler and an elastic host matrix, respectively. We characterize the mechanoelectrical property-controllable GnF/PDMS composite, mainly focusing on the following issues: (i) determination of the best solvent for the preparation of a GnF/PDMS composite solution, (ii) exploration of changes in the mechanoelectrical properties of the functional PMC induced by variations in the aspect ratio (AR) and concentration of GnF. Among 9 kinds of common solvents, benzene shows both high GnF dispersibility and excellent PDMS compatibility, therefore being chosen as the optimal solvent. Variations in GnF AR (223–1017) and GnF concentration (1.0–25.0 wt.%) lead to significant changes in the elastic modulus, fracture strain, electrical conductivity, and gauge factor of the functional PMC in the ranges of 0.39–13.8 MPa, 0.09 to 2.54, 6.97 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> to 221.0 S/m, and 6 to about 37,000, respectively. The empirical models for predicting the mechanoelectrical properties of the functional PMC are also intensively studied. Our GnF/PDMS composite is expected to be used as a functional PMC for the development of smart sensors that detect deformation and fracture in structures.</P>
박원영 ( Park Wonyoung ),차용운 ( Cha Yongwoon ),박태일 ( Park Taeil ) 한국건축시공학회 2021 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.21 No.1
Increasing construction costs are required due to increasing the supply of small type houses with changes in multi-family housing trends. However, a sharp rise in the construction cost of small type houses can raise the sale price, threatening the stability of national housing. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the change in the construction cost of small type houses from the basic construction cost of the sale price ceiling system and suggest an improvement plan.
Kim, Wonyoung,Park, Kyungho,Park, Ahbyeol,Choe, Juseok,Lee, Sunwoo American Chemical Society 2013 Organic letters Vol.15 No.7
<P>Diarylalkynones were synthesized from one-pot Pd-catalyzed carbonylative and noncarbonylative coupling reactions of propiolic acid with aryl iodides under a carbon monoxide atmosphere. Aryl iodide (2.0 equiv), propiolic acid (1.0 equiv), Pd(PPh<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB> (5 mol %), CuCl (10 mol %), Et<SUB>3</SUB>N (6.0 equiv), and CO (8 atm) were reacted under optimized conditions in CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN at 80 °C for 1 h. This process afforded good yields and functional group tolerance.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orlef7/2013/orlef7.2013.15.issue-7/ol4004349/production/images/medium/ol-2013-004349_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ol4004349'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
시특법 개정을 위한 서비스 성능 지표 설정 및 평가 방법 연구
박태일 ( Park Taeil ),박원영 ( Park Wonyoung ) 한국건축시공학회 2018 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.18 No.1
As global climate change leaded to extensive natural disaster and radical deterioration of infrastructures, there was increased attentions for the evaluation of infrastructures. After the collapse of Seongsu Bridge in 1994, Korea has enacted the “Special act on safety and maintenance of facilities” and secured the safety of facilities using systematic and periodic safety inspections. However, current facility inspections are mainly performed by the physical defect and structural analysis, and do not properly consider the serviceability of infrastructure such as capacity of facility and user’s satisfaction. Thus, the purpose of the study is to develop an evaluation criteria for serviceability of infrastructures and finally leading to the revision of “Special Act on safety and maintenance of facilities in rational manner.