도시공원의 이용후 평가에 기초한 공원의 개발지표 설정 : 부산광역시 암남공원을 사례로 Case Study of Amnam Park in Busan City

박승범,김승환,남정칠,강영조,이기철,김석규 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prime factors that affect to user postoccupancy evaluation of activities and facilities in urban parks, to classify those factors, to find out factors about them, and then to suggest important indicators in the urban park planning, design, and development. The survey research was done using the self-administered questionnaire method by 435 peoples in the Busan City who participated in recreational activities in the Amnam Park. The Analysis of the data primarily consists of two phase: The first analysis was dealt an exploratory factor analysis which identified major factors involved in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the SPSS(Ver.6.0) program and the second analysis was used to investigate the factors affected to user postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis. According to the factor analysis, user postoccupancy evaluation of facilities in urban parks concerning the 20 variables, 5 prime factors by the staistical values were considered. The factor analysis showed that user postoccupancy evaluation of activities in urban parks concerning the 11 variables, 3 prime factors by the staistical values were analysed. Postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis suggested that the two varlables as 'the directions of park development' and 'companies with the personal specific characteristics' are significant in addition to the some variables presented in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the factor analysis. Furthomore the analysis models were identified as having significant effects on the factor and regression analysis. Overall fits of both models were very good. These significant relationships indicate important factors and variables that should be considered in planning, design, and development of the urban parks. Therefore, development direction of the h a m park has to be analyzed as significant factors concerning user postoccupancy evaluation in a systematic way, recognized as important variables for planning process. The urban park has to be fully designed and established in the planning process not by the decision-maker's subjective evaluation but by user postoccupancy evaluation.

화학과 생물 교과서에서 삼투 개념에 관한 설명 유형 분석

고영환,강대훈,박동조,김동욱,백성혜 한국과학교육학회 2002 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.22 No.4

이 연구에서는 고등학교와 대학교 화학과 생물 교과서에 제시된 삼투 개념에 대한 설명 유형 및 그림표현 유형을 분석하였다. 그리고 고등학교 화학Ⅱ 교과서와 생물Ⅱ교과서의 단원을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 삼투현상에 대해서는 용매의 확산으로 설명하는 유형, 충돌로 설명하는 유형, 수화로 설명하는 유형, 농도의 평형으로 설명하는 유형 그리고 구멍을 막는 것으로 설명하는 유형 등 다섯 가지 유형으로 설명하고 있었다. 그리고 삼투 개념에 대한 설명 유형과 교과서에 제시된 그림 표현 유형 사이에 일치하지 않는 경우도 분석되었다. In this study, we analyzed types of explanation on osmosis concept that were represented in chemistry and biology textbooks of high school and college. There were 5 types of explanation on osmosis concept. The types of explanation were diffusion of solvent, collision, hydration, equilibrium of concentration and screen of holes. Last two types of explanation were classified into misconceptions. The various types of explanation on osmosis concept might cause to have be a reason that students had many misconceptions and to feel difficult to learn about osmosis concept. Many of textbooks is accord to types of concept explanation and figure explanation on osmosis but some is not

원적외선 광조사에 의한 도핑되지 않은 반절연성 GaAs의 광전류 전이와 열자극 전류

김화민,박승환,김종재,고석중,최병두 대구효성가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 1994 基礎科學硏究論集 Vol.1994 No.1

도핑되지 않은 반절연성 GaAs의 광전류 급냉과 열적 회복효과를 조사하기 위하여, 성장 방법이 다른 두개의 반절연성 GaAs시료에 대해 원적외선 영역(hv≤1.12eV)의 광조사에 의한 열자극 전류(TSC)스펙트럼들이 측정되었다. LEC방법에 의하여 성장된 As가 풍부한 반절연성 GaAs시료에 대한 50K에서의 광전류의 급냉 과정은 두 단계로 대별된다. 광전류 값이 최소가 되는 시간으로 전이시간 t_T를 정의할 때, (1) IR 광조사 시간 t<t_T이면, EL2(기저상태)→EL2^*(준안정상태) 전이에 의하여 광전류가 감소하고, (2)t>t_T이면, persistent photocurrent (PPC)효과에 의하여 광전류는 다시 증가하였다. 이러한 차이는 성장 방법과 조성비에 따른 잔류불순물의 농도가 광전류 변화에 영향을 준 때문으로 판단된다. 한편, 광조사 시간에 따른 TSC 피크들의 급냉과 급냉된 피크들의 열적 회복에 대한 온도 의존성은 EL2의 기저상태와 준안정 상태 간의 전이 또는 열적 회복과정과 거의 일치하였다. 따라서, 광전류의 급냉 전과 후에 각각 다른 형태로 관측되는 TSC스펙트럼 구조는 EL2 또는 EL2^*와 직접적인 관련을 갖는 트랩들의 분포에 의해 결정되고, 이 트랩들은 EL2-점결함 또는 EL2-잔류불순물로 형성된 complex에 의한 것으로 추론되었다. To study the photoquenching and thermal recovery effects in undoped semi- insulating (Sl) GaAs,the thermally stimulated current (TSCI) spectra, by illuminating infrared light (hv≤ 1.12 eV), are measured with two different Sl-GaAs samples, grown by the liquid-encapsulated Czochraski (LEC) and the horizontal bridgeman (HB) methods. In the As-riched Sl-GaAs sample by LEC method, the photo-current (I_ph) quenching process at 50 K consists of the following two stages: (1) quenching of I_ph due to the transition EL2→EL2^* before a transition time t_T and (2) enhancement of I_ph due to persistent photocurrent (PPC) after t_T, where t_T is defined as the time in which I_ph becomes minimum. However, neither re-enhancement of I_ph nor PPC are observed in the Sl-GaAs sample by HB method. This distinction results from the difference on the concentration of residual impurities, dependent on the growing method and composition rate, in the above two samples. The illumination time dependence of the quenching of TSC peaks and the temperature dependence of their thermal recovery are nearly fitted into those of the ground-to-metastable-state transition or thermal recovery process of EL2. Asa result, it is inferred that the TSC spectral structure, showing different feature before and after IR-quenching, is determined by the distribution of traps associated directly with EL2 or EL2^* and the traps are originated from a complex of EL2-point defect or EL2-residual impurities.

Nd:YAG Contact Laser를 이용한 새로운 미세혈관문합술의 실험적 연구

김우경,정전은,박승하,임재호,조진환 大韓成形外科學會 1993 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.3

A comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the contact Neodymium : yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd : YAG) laser system for vascular anastomosis of small caliber blood vessels(diameter 0.5-1.2mm) in the animal model. In this study 40 femoral arteries and 40 femoral veins of Sprague-Dawley rats were anastomosed by contact laser assisted microvascular anastomosis(LAMA) utilizing 3 stay sutures which were placed 120 degrees apart and the intervals welded with contact Nd : YAG laser unit, conventionally sutured anastomosis(CSA) served as controls. The time needed for vascular anastomosis, patency rate (immediate postoperative, postoperative 2nd day, postoperative 1 week, postoperative 4 week), gross and microscopic evaluations were compared to conventional microsurgical suture technique. The results are as follows : (1)Post-operative patency rate was 82.5% for femoral artery and 75% for femoral vein by contact LAMA technique compared to 90% and 75% by CSA technique at post operative 4 weeks. (2)Less time-consumed for arterial anastomosis by 6 minutes 23 seconds and venous anastomosis by 8 minutes 55 seconds with contact LAMA technique compared to CSA technique. (3)Grossly almost complete healing had taken place by post-operative 1 week by contact LAMA technique. (4)Aneurysm formation was 5% for femoral artery and 15% for femoral vein by contact LAMA technique compared to 5% and 10% respectively by CSA technique. (5)Microscopically, re-endothelization was complete by post-operative 7th day by contact LAMA technique. There was less medial hypertrophy and hyperplasia and also less inflammatory response compared to CSA.

복합유기용제 장기 노출자들의 골수충실도 평가를 위한 자기공명영상의 계량적 활용

정해관,최대섭,박건욱,윤환중,김정란,하경임,양승오,김양호 大韓産業醫學會 2002 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.14 No.2

목 적 : 자기공명영상은 골수의 지방세포와 조혈세포간의 분퐁 차이를 신호강도 차이로 구분할 수 있어 골수 충성도에 대한 평가가 가능하다. 저자들은 유기용제에 장기간 노출된 조선업체 도장공 및 대조군을 대상으로 비참습적인 방법으로 골수 충실도를 평가하는 도구를 개발하기위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1998녀 8월부터 2000년 1월까지 조선소 도장공 중 1개 대학병원에서 유기용제 장기간 사용으로 인한 골수검사 결과 저세포성 골수로 진단 받은 환자 6명(남자 5명, 여자 1명; 평균연령 환자군 46.5세)을 대상으로 말초혈액이 혈액학적 검사, 골수검사 및 요추부 자기공명영상을 실시하였다. 대조군으로는 동일 병원에서 요추부 자기공명영상을 촬영한 환자 132명(남 67명, 여자 65명, 연령 평균 42.5세, 범위 30-59세)을 선정하였다. 요추부 자기공명영상은 T1 및 T2 강조영상의 시상 단면에서 제 12 흉추부터 제 1 천추사이의 추체에서 각반드시 신호강도를 기록하였다. 기준 부위로는 동일 단면의 척추주위근 및 지방조직의 산호강도를 이용하여 각 부위에서 측정한 신호강도를 나누어 골수 신호강도지표를 구하였다. 결 과 : 환자군의 골수 충실도는 20.33-33.6 %이었고 혈액검사상 백혈구수는 2,100-7,600/㎣이었다. 환자군과 대조군 모두에서 각 지표는 제 12흉추에서 아래로 내려갈수록 점차 감소하였다가 제 4 요추 이후 다시 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 환자군과 대조군간의 골수 신호강도지표를 비교하였을 때 T1 강조영상에서 척추주위근을 기준으로 한 골수 신호강도지표가 환자군과 대조군간의 차이를 가장 잘 반영하였으며 환자군이 모든 추체에서 유의하게 높았다. (p<0.05, p<0.01). 대조군의 골수 신호강도지표는 T1 강조영상이 척추주위근을 기준으로 측정하였을 때 여성에서 연령 증가에 따라 모든 측정점에서 골수 신호강도지표는 증가하는 양상을 보였으며 30대와 50대간의 차이는 유의하였다. (p<0.05, p<0.01). 성별에 따른 골수 신호강도지표는 근육을 기준으로 한 골수 신호강도지표에서는 보이지 않았으나 비장을 기준으로 한 골수 신호강도지표는 남녀간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. (p<0.05). 다변량 선형회귀분석에서 연령 및 성별을 보정하였을 때 T1 강조영상의 근육을 기준으로 한 골수 신호강도지표는 환자군에서 대조군에 비하여 제 1 천추에서 0.364 더 높았다. 제 1 천추의 T1 근육을 기준으로 한 골수 신호강도지표의 연령 성별 평균+1 표준편차를 기준으로 하였을 때 6명 중 5명이 그 이상이 분포를 보여 두 군간의 차이가 가장 뚜렷하였다. 결 론 : 저자들은 자기공명영상을 이용하여 골수 충실도를 평가하기 위한 지표를 개발하였고 정상 참고치를 제시하였다. 골수 신호강도지표는 지방조직 함량, 골밀도함께 칼슘 등의 영향을 동시에 반영하지만 이러한 영향을 적절히 보정할 경우 고위험집단에서 골수 충실도를 평가하는데 활용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 보다 좋은 지표의 개발을 위하여 충분한 표본수를 가진 저세포성 골수 환자집단을 대상으로 후속연구를 수행할 필요가 있다. Objectives : To develop a quantitative and noninvasive method of bone marrow cellularity evaluation in solvent exposed painters. Methods : Six painters (mean 46.5 years, 5 males and one female with hypocellular marrow, and 132 controls were examined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A full examination of the peripheral blood and a bone marrow biopsy was done on each patient. Signal intensities were measured at the vertebral bodies from T12 to S1 on both the T1 and the T2-weighted image (T1WI and T2WI). Signal indices were calculated by dividing the signal indeces of the vertebral bodies by that of the paraspinal muscle and the subcutaneous fat in the same view. Results : The Bone marrow cellularities of the cases painters were between 20.3 % and 33.6 %. Signal indices based on the muscle at T1WI were greater in the cases of the painters compared to those of the controls (p<0.05, p<0.01). Signal indices based on the muscle at T1WI were significantly higher in older women compared with men (p<0.05). After adjusting for age and gender, the signal index of cases at S1 based on muscle of T1WI was higher than that of the controls by 0.364. Five of the six cases had a muscle signal index at S1 of T1WI higher than the mean + 1 standard deviation for the same age group and gender. Conclusions : MR signal indices are influenced by constitutional factors such as fat content. bone density, and the presence of other pathology. However, after adequate adjustment, it can be used as a useful indicator of bone marrow cellularity in a high-risk population.

연마 다듬질 가공면의 표면 미세형상 평가에 관한 연구

조남규,김현국,권기환,한창수,안유민,이성환,박균명 한국공작기계학회 2000 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.-

This paper describes the statistical analysis techniques for the surface roughness assessment of polished surfaces. In experiments, the polishing process of the sample surfaces which are manufactured by ball end mill is consist of two steps; the cusp removal process and the surface finishing process. For the cusp removal process, the criterion of cusp removal was established from the power spectrum analysis to assess the change of the cusp removal rate. For the finishing process, the surface was polished by the rotational CBN tool and vibration wood tool. And the surface quality of polished surface was assessed using the functional parameters based on the statistical values of surface profiles. Consequently, the surface finish performance of the polished surface using the vibration wood tool was improved.

관상피판술 : 해부학, 수술시 고려사항, 병적인 상태

김영균,이기혁,여환호,김수관,박노승 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1996 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.18 No.4

The coronal approach is a versatile surgical technique. This methos becomes particulary useful for exposure and internal fixation of midfacial fractures and the harvest of calvarial bone graft to manage the complex facial bone fractures. The rectrospective clinical study on the use of this technique in 10 patients was performes. The result shows that this technique provides the excellent exposure of fractures site, the ability to reduce the fragment accurately and good cosmetic results in incision area. We discussed with literatures review that anatomy, technique, indications, and potential complications of the coronal approach.

운동선수의 임장불안에 대한 연구

홍관이,이광재,김두경,부기원,노성규,한상준,박기동,오수일,문병용,이철규,박장평,엄기진,박남환 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1984 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.9

This study is designed to grasp the elements and situations of stage fright in order to propose a part of ways to cope with it. We make 511 top-class high school players, male and female, in the central districts (Seoul, Inchon, Kyungki, Chungbuk, and Kangweon Province) on object of questionnaire, and get the following results. Through players generally have all-round characters they show weakness in the superiority and emotional stability while showing strength in the sonformity. This fact comes to be related to the elements which cause stage fright. Physiological changes also have many effects on the symptom of stage fright. Especially, stage fright increases when players show sensitive reaction to the self-consciousness of final consequence which comes from the tension or uneasiness of sympathetic nerve, Thus, it turns out that players make use of reducing psychological burden by physical exercise or adjusting the level of demanded result in order to release the stage fright.

Simulation studies on guard ring effects on edge breakdown suppression of InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes

Park, Seoung-Hwan,Park, Chan-Yong,Ahn, Doyeol Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2018 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. No.

Optical Properties of Zinc-Blende InGaN/GaN Quantum Well Structures and Comparison with Experiment

Seoung-Hwan, Park,Yong-Tak, Lee Science Press 2010 CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS Vol.27 No.4

<P>Optical properties of zinc-blende InGaN/GaN QW structures are investigated using the multiband effective-mass theory. The transition wavelength values at 300 K ranged from 440 to 570 nm in the investigated range of the In composition and the well width. The theoretical wavelengths show reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The optical gain decreases with the increasing well width. This is mainly due to the reduction in the quasi-Fermi-level separation because the optical matrix element increases with the well width.</P>