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New Hybrid Hole Extraction Layer of Perovskite Solar Cells with a Planar p–i–n Geometry
Park, Ik Jae,Park, Min Ah,Kim, Dong Hoe,Park, Gyeong Do,Kim, Byeong Jo,Son, Hae Jung,Ko, Min Jae,Lee, Doh-Kwon,Park, Taiho,Shin, Hyunjung,Park, Nam-Gyu,Jung, Hyun Suk,Kim, Jin Young American Chemical Society 2015 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.119 No.49
<P>We report a highly efficient p–i–n type planar perovskite solar cell with a hybrid PEDOT/NiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> hole-extraction layer. It has been found that the perovskite solar cell with a NiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> thin film as a hole-extraction layer generally exhibits lower fill factor compared to the conventionally used PEDOT:PSS thin film, whereas it shows higher photocurrent and photovoltage. The fill factor of the NiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>-based perovskite solar cell can be significantly improved by treating the NiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> surface with a dilute PEDOT solution. The photoluminescence quenching study and impedance spectroscopic (IS) analysis have revealed that the hole injection at the perovskite/NiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> interface is significantly facilitated with the PEDOT treatment, which should lead to the increased fill factor. As a result, the p–i–n type planar perovskite solar cell with the new hybrid hole-extraction layer exhibits a high conversion efficiency of 15.1% without the hysteresis effect.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2015/jpccck.2015.119.issue-49/acs.jpcc.5b09322/production/images/medium/jp-2015-093225_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp5b09322'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
유현정(Yoo, Hyunjung),김관희(Kim, Kwanhee),이하정(Lee, Hajeong),박보미(Park, Bomi),박수빈(Park, Subin),박주희(Park, Juhui),박진희(Park, Jinhui),반민주(Ban, Minjoo),임지현(Lim, Jihyun),박준후(Park, Junhoo),이예은(Lee, Yee Eun) 한국농촌간호학회 2019 한국농촌간호학회지 Vol.14 No.2
Purpose: This study was done to identify the cultural capacity of college nursing students and the relationship of intercultural communication. Methods: The participants were 200 students in colleges of nursing from 6 universities in C city, who understood the purpose of the study and agreed to participate. Collected data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and stepwise regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: Cultural sensitivities in this study (r=.372, p<.001), cultural knowledge (r=.399, p=.001), cultural awareness (r=.547, p<.001), and cultural technology (r=.550, p<.001) each showed a statistically significant correlation with intercultural communication skills. Conclusion: The results of this study show that reinforcement of the cultural and intercultural communication ability of college nursing students, in-depth exploration of the cultural area and religious inspection, cultural and professional backgrounds, assessment and consideration of cultural characteristics, nursing diagnosis, and health appropriate to the cultural background. It is suggested that education such as service provision should be conducted systematically.
Morpho-Syntactic Analysis of NP Modifiers in Korean
Hyunjung Park 현대문법학회 2019 현대문법연구 Vol.104 No.-
This paper examines that distributional properties of three categories of NP modifiers -color, nationality, and material- in Koren and suggests that these NP modifiers show the peculiar behaviors in the domain of modification depending on their morphology. On a par with Watanabe’s (2012) analysis, in particular, I propose in this paper that the class of adjectives that express nationality and material is absent in Korean and that modifiers that are used as nationality and material adjectives are nouns like Japanese. Regarding color adjectives, also, uniquely they can be divided into two types in their modifier form: one is the type affixed with RRC (Reduced Relative Clause) marker -n and the other is the nominal form like nationality and material modifiers. Under morpho-syntactic perspective, more significantly, I address the intriguing issue that morphological variants of these NP modifiers combined with certain morphemes have a great effect on word order restriction, and this phenomenon is discussed in relation to Pronoun-Noun Constructions (PNCs). Building on the fact verified and supported by a great deal of empirical evidence, I argue that word order restriction of Korean NP modifiers can be flexible depending on the absence/presence of their morphological variation.
PARK, HEEKYUNG,JANG, HYUNJUNG,KIM, CHEOLMIN,CHUNG, BYUNGSEON,CHANG, CHULHUN L.,PARK, SOON KEW,SONG, SUNDAE 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 2000 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.16 No.-
We evaluated the usefulness of PCR assays that target the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for identifying mycobacteria at the species level. The conservative and species-specific ITS sequences of 33 species of mycobacterial species-specific primers were designed. All PCRs were performed under the same conditions. The specificities of the primers were tested with type strains of 20 mycobacterial species from the American Type Culture Colletion; 205 clinical isolates of mycobacteria, including 118 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and 87 isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria from 10 species; and 76 clinical isolates of 28 nonmycobacterial pathogenic bacterial species. PCR with the panmycobacterial primers amplified fragments of approximately 270 to 400 bp in all mycobacteria. PCR with the M. tuberculosis complex-specific primers amplified an approximately 120-bp fragment only for the M. tuberculosis complex. Multiplex PCR with the panmycobacterial primers and the M. tuberculosis complex-specific primers amplified two fragments that were specific for all mycobacteria and the M. tuberculosis complex, respectively. PCR with M. avium complex-, M. fortuitum-, M. gordonae-, M. scrofulaceum-, and M. szulgai-specific primers amplified specific fragments only for the respective target organisms. These novel primers can be used to detect and identify mycomacteria simultaneously under the same PCR conditions. Furthemore, this protocol facilitates early and accurate diagnosis of mycobacteriosis.
Park, Hyunjung,Shin, Donghyeok,Paik, Ungyu,Song, Taeseup American Chemical Society 2017 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.56 No.46
<P>The high energy density graphite anode for the commercial LIBs has critical problems on Li<SUP>+</SUP>-ion kinetics due to decreases both in electrode porosity and electrolyte permeability. To overcome issues, interfaces of graphite particles in the anode are polarized using poly(vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) with the high dielectric constant (ε = 8.4), high solubility with lithium salt, and ability to trap a large amount of liquid electrolyte. The PVDF-HFP treatment promoted electrolyte permeability into the graphite electrode with a high mass loading of 13.8 mg cm<SUP>–2</SUP> and a density of 1.7 g cc<SUP>–1</SUP> (a current density over 5 mA cm<SUP>–2</SUP>) which particularly leads to an improvement of capacity retention from 77% of a bare electrode to 95% over 40 cycles. These achievements were attributed not only to the enhancement of the lithium-ion kinetics but also to the stable formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on the graphite surface.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/iecred/2017/iecred.2017.56.issue-46/acs.iecr.7b03797/production/images/medium/ie-2017-03797q_0010.gif'></P>
DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF KOREAN AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1980
PARK, HYUNJUNG The Population and Development Studies Center Seou 1990 Korea Journal of Population and Development Vol.19 No.2
Based on the analysis of 1980 Public-Use Microdata Samples, this article demonstrates that the Korean immigrant stream, particularly men, has been very selective even before the 1965 reform due mainly to the restrictive U.S. immigration policies, although the significant presence of Korean Americans came after the influx of the post 1965-immigrants, known as a highly selected group. This selectivity is best represented in their high educational profile. However, despite the educational superiority and somewhat positive occupational position, Korean men in the U.S. are seriously disadvantaged in income regardless of nativity status. Korean Americans are not as successful as whites in translating their education into occupation and income; they are better educated for the same job, but experience a lower income return to the same education and the same occupation.
Park, Hyunjung,Kwon, Jiseok,Choi, Heechae,Shin, Donghyeok,Song, Taeseup,Lou, Xiong Wen David American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.3
<P>A key issue with Na-ion batteries is the development of active materials with stable electrochemical reversibility through the understanding of their sodium storage mechanisms. We report a sodium storage mechanism and properties of a new anode material, digenite Cu<SUB>1.8</SUB>S, based on its crystallographic study. It is revealed that copper sulfides (Cu<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>S) can have metal-rich formulas (<I>x</I> ≥ 1.6), due to the unique oxidation state of +1 found in group 11 elements. These phases enable the unit cell to consist of all strong Cu-S bonds and no direct S-S bonds, which are vulnerable to external stress/strain that could result in bond cleavage as well as decomposition. Because of its structural rigidness, the Cu<SUB>1.8</SUB>S shows an intercalation/deintercalation reaction mechanism even in a low potential window of 0.1-2.2 V versus Na/Na<SUP>+</SUP> without irreversible phase transformation, which most of the metal sulfides experience through a conversion reaction mechanism. It uptakes, on average, 1.4 Na<SUP>+</SUP> ions per unit cell (∼250 mAh g<SUP>-1</SUP>) and exhibits ∼100% retention over 1000 cycles at 2C in a tuned voltage range of 0.5-2.2 V through an overall solid solution reaction with negligible phase separation.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>