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Phytotoxin Production of Nigrospora sphaerica Pathogenic on Turfgrasses
Park, Gyung-Ja,Kim, Jin-Cheol,Shon, Mi-Jeong,Kim, Heung-Tae,Cho, Kwang-Yun The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2000 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.16 No.3
A causal fungus of turfgrass blight was isolated from the infected leaves of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) and identified as Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) Mason by using a light misroscope. Its conidia are large (14-20 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ diameter), shiny, black, aseptate, and smooth-walled spheres. The fungus caused typical blighting symptoms on the two turfgrass plants of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) and bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). The fungus was found to produce a phytotoxic subtance to be associated with the pathogenic mechanism. A phytotoxin was isolated from the liquid cultures of N. sphaerica by repeated silica gel column chromatography and its structure was determined to be 5, 6-dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-propenyl-2H-pyr-2-one (T-3 compound). It was not a host-specific toxin showing phytotoxic effects to various plants inclusing turfgrasses in the leaf-wounding assay, the whole plant test, and the cellular leakage test. The compound caused leaf tip dieback symptoms in turfgrass plants similar to those caused by the pathogen. Thus, T-3 compound is thought to be involved in the development of Nigrospora blight.
朴敬子(Park Gyung-ja) 한국미술사학회 2003 美術史學硏究 Vol.- No.237·238
In this thesis we study a gradual bifurcation of the 14th century Korean celadon manufacturing industry into a dual system, caused by weakening of the unique Gangjin Jagiso (磁器所: a semi-official Celadon manufacturer) and spread of the private celadon kilns over other areas in Korea. We establish a temporal and technical relationship between the Gangjin Jagiso and the private kilns by a comprehensive examination of the overall shape and decoration pattern over a collection of large number of inlaid-celadon ceramic pieces. The collection is from twenty three private kiln sites and Gangjin sites, either newly found at the sites by the author or belonging to public and private collections. This relationship can make a valuable contribution to the study of the early Punchong ware development since those private celadon kilns spread from Gangjin Jagiso in the late Koryo Dynasty soon turned into Punchong ware manufacturers. The time period corresponding to the present study is estimated to be from 1329, the year when the Gi-Sa (己巳, name of a year in the sexagesimal cycle) inscribed (銘) inlaid-celadon was manufactured, to 1420, the latest manufacturing year of the Gong-Ahn (恭安: a temporary Koryo government office existed in 1400-1420) inscribed inlaid-celadon. In the 14th century Koryo, faced with an extreme financial hardship, the royal authority pursued commercial profit-making by engaging into trade business. As a result, commercialization of the country was rapidly accelerated, allowing for a fast shift of the government-controlled manufacturing system into private businesses. This phenomenon had a profound influence on the 14th century celadon manufacturing system and quality of the celadon. Overlaid with frequent invasions of the Japanese pirates into the area, the craftsmen at the Gangjin Jagiso fled for their own private kilns in the hope for better living conditions, which led to a gradual fall of the government-controlled Gangjin Jagiso and to the manufacturing of the prestigious inlaid-celadon wares at the private kilns all over the country. After a careful and systematic study, three different evolution periods were identified: the first one in 1340-1372, the second one in 1372-1392, and the third one in 1392-1420. In the first period there was a wide spread of the inlaid-celadon kilns over the country. accompanied by a noticeable drop in the quality of the celadon wares manufactured in both systems when compared to the celadon wares manufactured at Gangjin Jagiso prior to 1340. This observation is consistent with the rapid commercialization of the celadon wares and start of mass production. The Gangjin Jagiso was still the sole supplier of the celadon wares to the royal court and the government authorities. The second period was separated from the first period by the recognition of the private kilns at the equal level to the down-graded Gangjin Jagiso. The private manufactures were allowed to use a unified letter inscription Sa-Sean (司膳), name of the royal kitchen. Both systems supplied the inlaid-celadon wares to the royal court in this period. Quality of the inlaid-celadon for the royal court from both systems was even more degraded from the first period. In the third period the government-controlled Gangjin Jagiso completely disappeared, synchronized with the collapse of the Koryo Dynasty and the rise of the Choson Dynasty. The private kilns, on the contrary, flourished and changed into manufacturers of the next generation Korean ceramic wares, i.e., Punchung ware (粉靑沙器). Their locations are later listed in the 「Geography Chapter」 of Authentic Annals of the King Sejong (『世宗實錄』 「地理志」, 1424-1432).
건강 자원자에서 pH 5를 기준으로 한 인두 산 역류검사
박은호 ( Eun Ho Park ),문원 ( Won Moon ),박무인 ( Moo In Park ),김경미 ( Gyung Mi Kim ),신은경 ( Eun Kyung Shin ),김규종 ( Kyu Jong Kim ),박선자 ( Seun Ja Park ),이강대 ( Kang Dae Lee ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2009 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.15 No.1
목적: pH 4를 기준으로 한 인두 산 역류 검사는 인후두역류 질환의 진단에 필수적이다. 하지만, 최근 들어 pH 4 이상의 약산에서도 인후두 증상과 점막의 손상을 일으킬 수 있음이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 pH 5를 기준으로 인두산 역류의 발생율과 발생 횟수 및 %시간을 알아보고 Ph 4를 기준으로 한 결과와의 차이를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 30명의 무증상인을 대상으로 상부 식도 괄약근 1 cm 상부와 하부 식도 괄약근 5 cm 상부에 유리전극을 위치시켜 보행성 24시간 인두 pH 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 무증상 자원자의 인후두 산 역류는 pH 4를 기준으로 46.7%에서 pH 5를 기준으로 86.6%에서 발생하였다. 식사시간을 제외한 95 및 90 백분위 기준의 정상 상한치는 산 노출 %시간은 각각 pH 4를 기준으로 0.41%와 0.18%였고 pH 5를 기준으로 3.3%와 2.1%였다. 산 역류 발생 횟수의 정상 상한치는 각각 pH 4를 기준으로 12.8회와 5.0회였고 pH 5를 기준으로 16.5회와 14.5회였다. 결론: pH 5를 기준으로 한 인두 산역류 발생은 대부분의 건강한 성인에서 발생한다. 본 연구는 한국인에서 인두의 병태생리에 있어서 약산의 인후두 역류의 원인적 역할을 평가하는데 있어서 중요한 정보를 제공할 것으로 생각된다. Background/Aims: Pharyngeal pH monitoring at pH 4 is a cardinal diagnostic method for assessing laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). However, it has recently been suggested that weak acidic reflux above pH 4 may have a role in the development of laryngopharyngeal symptoms and mucosal damage. The aim of this study was to quantify the pharyngeal pH 5 reflux episodes and compare them with the pH 4 reflux episodes. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were studied using ambulatory 24-hour pharyngeal pH monitoring with glass electrodes positioned 1 cm above the upper esophageal sphincter and 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter. Results: Of the healthy volunteers, LPR events occurred in 46.7% at pH 4 and in 86.6% at pH 5. After exclusion of mealtimes, the 95th and 90th percentile values for the percent of time the pH was <4 and that when the pH was <5 were 0.41, 0.18, 3.3, and 2.1, respectively. The 95th and 90th percentile values for the number of pharyngeal pH 4 and pH 5 reflux episodes were 12.8, 5.0, 16.5, and 14.5, respectively. Conclusions: Pharyngeal acid reflux episodes at pH 5 are present in most healthy adults. The present study provides prerequisite data for the evaluation of the etiologic role of the weakly acidic LPR for the occurrence of pharyngeal pathologic conditions in Koreans. (Kor J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009;15:38-44)
( Ja Young Lee ),( Hee Chul Nam ),( Boo Gyoung Kim ),( Hyun Gyung Kim ),( Hee Chan Jung ),( Ji Hee Kim ),( Geun Seok Yang ),( Youn Jeong Park ),( Ka Young Kim ),( Yu Seon Yun ),( Young Ok Kim ),( Jiha 대한신장학회 2012 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.31 No.4
There are some reports of renal vein thrombosis associated with acute pyelone-phritis, but a case of renal artery thrombosis in acute pyelonephritis has not been reported yet. Here we report a case of renal artery thrombosis which developed in a patient with acute pyelonephritis complicated with sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). A 65-year-old woman with diabetes was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis complicated with sepsis. Escherichia coli was isolated from both blood and urine cultures. When treated with antibiotics, her condition gradually improved. She suddenly complained of severe right flank pain without fever in the recovery phase. A computed tomography scan revealed right renal artery thrombosis with concomitant renal infarction. Prophylactic anticoagulation therapy was not suggested because of sustained thrombocytopenia and increased risk of bleeding. Flank pain resolved with conservative treatment and perfusion of infarcted kidney improved at the time of discharge. To our knowledge, this is the first case of renal artery thrombosis related to acute pyelonephritis with sepsis-induced DIC.
Notes : In Vivo Antifungal Activities of 67 Plant Fruit Extracts Against Six Plant Pathogenic Fungi
( Gyung Ja Choi ),( Jin Cheol Kim ),( Kyoung Soo Jang ),( He Kyoung Lim ),( Il Kwon Park ),( Sang Chul Shin ),( Kwang Yun Cho ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2006 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.16 No.3
Park, Myung-Soo,Ahn, Ji-Ye,Choi, Gyung-Ja,Choi, Yong-Ho,Jang, Kyoung-Soo,Kim, Jin-Cheol The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.3
In vitro and in vivo mycofumigation effects of the volatileproducing fungus Nodulisporium sp. CF016 isolated from stem of Cinnamomum loureirii and the role of its volatile compounds were investigated against phytopathogenic fungi. The volatile compounds produced by Nodulisporium sp. CF016 inhibited and killed a wide range of plant and storage pathogens including to Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Magnaporthe oryzae, Alternaria panax, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. Mycofumigation with wheat bran-rice hull cultures of Nodulisporium sp. CF016 showed in vivo antifungal activity against gray mold caused by B. cinerea and blue mold caused by P. expansum of apple. The most abundant volatile compound produced by Nodulisporium sp. CF016 was $\beta$-elemene followed by 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene, $\beta$-selinene and $\alpha$-selinene. Nodulisporium sp. CF016 could be an attractive mycofumigant in controlling postharvest diseases of various fruits including apple.
Biological Control Activity of Two Isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens againstRice Sheath Blight
Gyung Ja Choi,Jin Cheol Kim,Eun Jin Park,Yong Ho Choi,Kyoung Soo Jang,He Kyoung Lim,Kwang Yun Cho,이선우 한국식물병리학회 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.3
Two isolates of mucous bacteria, mc75 and pc78, were isolated from fungal culture plate as culture contaminants with an interesting swarming motility. Both isolates were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens based on microscopy, biochemical analysis, Biolog test and DNA sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Both strains have the exactly the same 16S rRNA gene sequences, and yet their biological control activity were not identical each other. In vitro analysis of antagonistic activity of two isolates against several plant pathogenic fungi indicated that both produced diffusible and volatile antifungal compounds of unknown identities. Treatment of the bacterial culture of P. fluorescens pc78 and its culture filtrate exhibited a strong biological control activity against rice sheath blight in vivo among six plant diseases tested. More effective disease control activity was obtained from treatment of bacterial culture than that of culture filtrate. Therefore, in addition to antifungal compound and siderophore production, other traits such as biofilm formation and swarming motility on plant surface may contribute to the biological control activity of P. fluorescens pc78 and mc75.