공공개발지구 내 주차장용지에 주차전용건축물이 집합건물일 경우 부대시설 수분양자의 주차장 지분배분에 관한 연구

박창률(Park, Chang-Yul),윤정득(Yoon, Jeong-Duck) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2020 國土計劃 Vol.55 No.7

In the past, the implementers (public enterprises or local public corporations) of projects in public development districts sold parking lot land to local governments for free or at cost. However, after the parking-lot law was amended in 1999, the land was sold to the private sector under a general competitive bidding method. As a result, the provision of parking lot land in public development project districts did not do more to ameliorate the parking shortage than when it was supplied to local governments. While there are a variety of reasons for this, the most significant cause is that the development of parking lots involved parking-only buildings, but in most cases collective building were built. In general commercial land, semi-residential, or residential areas, the requirements for establishing an aggregated building are clearly defined in the Collective Building Act, but the requirements for parking areas are applied differently. That is, the law was often misinterpreted. In the case of parking-only buildings for parking lots, it is necessary to establish a system of laws to better ensure the securing of parking lots from the perspective of pre-sale consumers. This study argues that the conditions of collective buildings must be met for parking-only buildings. Local governments stipulate the allowable range of additional facilities for parking lots by ordinance, but if the construction of parking-only buildings involves a collective building, it cannot be sold under the same concept as the general commercial building. This study concludes that revision of the Enforcement Rules of the Parking Lot Law is requires to protect these rights by securing the parking lot shares of those receiving pre-sale facilities.

부동산 투기예방을 위한 대토보상제도 활성화 방안 연구 - 토지보상법 개정 필요성 중심으로 -

박창률(Park, Chang Yul),박정준(Park, Jung Jun),손순금(Son, Sun Gum) 한국지적정보학회 2021 한국지적정보학회지 Vol.23 No.2

대토보상이란 원주민의 토지가 공공개발사업구역에 편입되어 토지보상금 대신에 사업지구내의 개발이 완료된 후 현금대체보상수단으로 당해지구의 토지로 보상받는 권리를 대토보상이라고 한다. 원주민이 보상금대신 토지로 보상받는 권리는 토지보상법 제63조의 법적으로 정당한 권리이다. 그러나 현실의 대토보상제도는 각 사업지구의 토지보상실적을 보면 활성화 되지 못하고 있다. 그 원인은 여러 가지 복합적인 원인이 있지만 정부가 정책적으로 대토보상 활성화정책이 필요한 부분으로 정책적 문제는 연구의 대상에서 제외 하였다. 제도적인 문제에서 토지보상이 활성화를 위한 「토지보상법」제 63조제1항에서 제3항까지의 개정이 필요한 것이다. 법이 개정이 되어야 사업의 시행자(정부공기업 또는 지방공기업)의 대토보상 시행지침이 바뀌게 될 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 토지보상법이 개정으로 인하여 대토보상 제도를 활성화 하고 신도시 개발지역의 부동산투기를 예방하고 더불어 개발지역의 원주민의 재정착기회와 개발이익을 향유할 수 있는 근본적인 대책을 강구하는 연구다. 더불어 사업의 시행자는 법의 규정에 앞서 개발지역 원주민의 특성(수도권, 비수도권)을 고려한 대토보상이 이루어져야 원주민의 재정착과 개발이익일부를 원주민에게 돌려주는 방안이 나올 것이다. Land compensation refers to the right of indigenous people to be compensated with land in the district as a means of cash replacement compensation after development in the project zone is completed. Indigenous people"s right to compensate with land in place of cash compensation is a legally valid right under Article 63 of the Land Compensation Act of Korea. However, the real land compensation system has not been activated based on the land compensation performance of each business district. There are a number of complicated reasons for this, but policy issues were excluded from the study as part of the government"s policy of promoting land compensation. In institutional matters, it is necessary to revise Articles 63 (1) through (3) of the Land Compensation Act for the Promotion of Land Compensation. Only when the law is amended will the implementer"s guidance on land compensation be changed. The purpose of this study is to revitalize the land compensation system due to the revision of the Land Compensation Act, prevent real estate speculation in new town development areas, and devise fundamental measures to enjoy resettlement opportunities and development profits. In addition, the implementer of the project will return some of the indigenous people"s resettlement and development profits to the indigenous people only when compensation is made in consideration of the characteristics of the indigenous people (metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas) before the law.

High efficient rice transformation method by modifying co-cultivation conditions

Hyang-Mi Park,Yul-Ho Kim,Tae-Young Hwang,Chang In Yang,Ji Ung Jeung,Young Chan Cho,Kyoung Ho Kang,Chung-Kon Kim 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

Rice transformation method using A. tumefaciens has already been widely used to generate transgenic plants, the transformation rate is still low in most Korean elite cultivars. We made several modifications of the standard protocol especially in the co-cultivation step to improve the efficiency of the rice transformation. The co-culture medium was modified by the addition of three antioxidant compounds (10.5㎎/ℓ L-cysteine, 1mM sodium thiosulfate, 1mM dithiothreitol) and of Agrobacterium growth-inhibiting agent (5㎎/ℓ silver nitrate). Co-cultivation temperature (23. 5℃ for 1 day, 26.5℃ for 6 days) and duration (7 days) were also changed. The plasmid of pMJC-GB-GUS carrying the GUS reporter gene and the bar gene as the selectable marker was used to evaluate the efficiency of the transformation. After co-cultivation, a high level of GUS gene expression was observed in calli treated with the modified method. It is likely that those newly added compounds helped to minimize the damage due to oxidative bursts during plant cell-Agrobacterium interaction and to prevent necrosis of rice cells. And the transformation rate under the modified method was also remarkably increased approximately 8-fold in Heungnambyeo and 2-fold in Ilmibyeo as compared to the corresponding standard method. Furthermore, we could produce the transgenic plants stably from Ilpumbyeo which is a high-quality rice but its transformation rate is extremely low. Transformation and the copy number of transgenes were confirmed by PCR, bar strip and Southern blot analysis. The improved method would attribute reducing the effort and the time required to produce a large number of transgenic rice plants.

Adaptive Scheme에 의한 평면응력 유한요소망의 자동형성화에 관한 연구

朴昶勳,尹鍾烈 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1999 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.1

The finite element method(FEM) has been widely accepted as one of the most powerful analytical techniques in solving complex engineering problems. In using a FEM program, the results of analysis depend on the finite element mesh. Expertise and experience are required in forming an efficient mesh. Adaptive mesh generation is the process automatically forming an efficient mesh by moving existing nodes, subdividing elements, or increasing the order of polynomials used in the shape functions. As the scheme depends on the error estimates used to evaluate the meshes, the definition of error estimator affects the quality of the final mesh. In this study, a simple error estimator is developed and a new approach for combining different errors is proposed. Plane stress problems are considered. The r method, which is the scheme where nodes are moved, the h method, which is the scheme where elements are subdivided and the rh method, which is the scheme that combines r and h method, are investigated in this study with the proposed error estimator. The proposed error estimator is constituted from the domain and the boundary errors. The difference of stresses in the domain of an element and the difference of strains on the boundaries between the element and its neighboring elements are used as error estimators. Each error is normalized and the final error estimator is the weighted sum of each error. The analysis results using the adaptive mesh obtained with the proposed error estimator are compared to the exact solution. The comparisons show that the proposed error estimators are good error indicators for generating efficient final meshes in the applied examples. The generated final meshes use less number of elements than fine mesh and obtained same result of analysis.

敎師 competence의 評價準據와 評價方法의 開發

邊昌鎭,李慶燮,金昌洙,朴鍾烈 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

The purpose of this study is to plan the evaluation criteria and methods of teacher competence. With a view to developing a plan to evaluate the teacher competence desirably, we establish the following evaluation format, based on the 17 evaluation formats of teacher competence widely used in the elementary and secondary schools in America recently. 1. Categories and evaluation criteria of teacher competence 1) teaching preparation....evaluation criteria 1-4 2) teaching skill,,,,evaluation criteria 5-11 3) professional ability....evaluation criteria 12-14 4) personal quality....evaluation criteria 15-27 5) classroom management...evaluation criteria 28-31 6) human relationship.....evaluation criteria 32-37 2. Rating scale--1 (Unsatisfactory), 2 (Improvement needed), 3 (Good), 4 (Excellent).

敎職員의 專門性 向上과 人事制度 改善에 關한 硏究

金昌洙,鄭浩杓,朴鍾烈 慶北大學校 師範大學 1989 敎育硏究誌 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study is the development of the professionalization of educational personnel with effective personnel system. Therefore, this study 1) analyzes the problems of educational personnel system, 2) and suggests the strategies of improvement in educational personnel system. The methods of this study are the document analysis and the survey with questionaire. The major findings of this study are drawn as follows ; 1) Educational organization needs the professionalized personnel at various level of educational position, and has the specific character of flat organization. 2) In vertical and horizontal spcialization, the arrangement of educational position in educational personnel is needed to divide and concrete positions in order to implement educational personnel adminstration effectively and efficiently. 3) Professionalizing the education personnel is persistently needed for attaining educational goals and objectives efficiently. The studies should be persistantly investigated on the job analysis on educational agency, and the function of supervision on educational administration agency for the future.

프로 축구선수의 손상 분석

이경태,송백용,양기원,김나민,김장렬,박성률 대한스포츠의학회 2000 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Purpose : We evaluated and analyze the injury of the professional soccer player which would be helpful data for prevention of injury. Materials and Methods : Thirty-four professional soccer players were followed prospectively for one year and obtained injury exposure rate. We divided the injuries according to the position of the players incurred average 10 injuries for one year and the injury exposure rate was 2.9/1000hours, mostly strains and sprains of the lowre extremities. According to the player's position, the injured area and injury mechanism were different, Defence-Fielder and Mid-Fielder were more vulnerable to injury, 43% and 41.8% respectively, and mainly thigh and ankle injury. But Forward injury was less frequent and mainly leg and knee injury. In Goal-Keeper, neck and upper extremity injury was pre-dominant. Acute traumatic injury was 93% and recovery time was average on day, however, chronic overuse injury was less frequent but much longer time was required for recovery. Conclusion : The overuse injury is preventable by improving the environment and training program so that more attention is required.

한국인 중.고등학생의 체격, 체형 및 그 성장에 관한 연구

이영춘,김종석,박희명,채의업,주영은,이륭창,류호열,김규수,김정묵,최경숙,이열희,이태호,우원형,신현찬,박원학,Lee, Young-Choon,Kim, Chong-Suk,Park, Hi-Myung,Chae, E-Up,Choo, Young-Eun,Lee, Yung-Chang,Ryoo, Ho-Yul,Kim, Kyu-Soo,Kim, Chung-Muk,Choi, Kyu 대한생리학회 1970 대한생리학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Measurement and analysis of the physical status (height, body weight, breast girth, sitting height. length of leg, length of thigh, thigh girth, crural length, length of arm, brachial length, antebrachial girth and skinfold thickness), physical types and the growth were made to the 360 Korean middle and high school boys aged between 12 and 17 years in Taegu City. The physical status was evaluated and expressed as dispersion and the Physical type as percentage of each status to height, and the growth was analysed by the growth formula. The results are as follows; 1) The increase of the volumes of Physical status was slowest between 12 and 13 years and fastest between 13 and 14 years in general. 2) The increase of the volumes of thigh girth and antebrachial girth showed a linear pattern until 16 years. 3) The coefficient of variation was largest in skinfold thickness $(16.3{\sim}28.4%)$ followed by body weight $(10.0{\sim}14.3%)$, antebrachial girth $(4.8{\sim}19.60%)$ and length of thigh$(6.3{\sim}13.6%)$. The coefficients of variation in all the other status were similar $(4{\sim}7%)$. 4)The physical indices of body weight, breast girth, sitting height, length of thigh, thigh girth, antebrachial girth and skinfold thickness increased as age increased while the others decreased except the brachial length, which showed no significant change. 5) Ratio of growth quantity was largest in body weight followed by skinfold thickness, and the others were all similar. 6) Growth rate and specific growth rate decreased in the all the status analysed as age increased except in the skinfold thickness in which an increase was noted. 7) Growth gradient was increased along the increase of age in breast girth, sitting height, crural length, brachial length and in skinfold thickness. However a decrease was observed in the other status except in the body weight which was decreased until 15 years of age and increased thereafter.

공공개발지구 내 주차장용지의 이용실태와 토지공급방법 개선방안 연구

박창률,김시진,Park, Chang Yul,Kim, Si Jin 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2019 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.10 No.4

Parking lot within housing site contains public interest of relieving parking space shortage problem and subject to public restriction. If auctioned off at higher price by excessive competition in general competitive bid for land bidders, the development of parking lot will be made against its original purpose supply. The core issue is that a bid price is quite often to be blown out of proportion by 150%~ 250% due to extreme competition and, could face serious problem if a winning bidder runs sale business. If it is rental business, although about 30% of the total floor space of the whole building to be used as neighborhood facilities, too high winning bid price cause to lose transparency. In case of sale at aggregate buildings, most business operators would sell 30% of the neighborhood facilities, spare the parking lot and manages thereof separately. According to Aggregate Buildings Act, neighborhood facilities are allowed for individual registration and ownership of parking lot by business operator or designated person by business operator. In this case, the parking lot becomes 70% of the total floor space of the whole building and 70% of the land share which makes the mortgage very valuable and easier for business operator to get financial loan. There used to be many cases such as owners of neighborhood facilities (aggregate buildings partial owners) who run parking lot to repay their loan running parking lot to repay loan, but found that very tough and reached auction and relatively disadvantaged. For parking lot within housing site, it is recommend to exclude the public factors that land has and take into account of public restriction in area (housing site). Business opportunity for operators and protection of property rights for buyers in aggregate buildings, land supply method is recommended to replace from highest bid method into draw or private contract. In terms of price, supply at estimated price (construction price) and restriction on usage (Co-ownership of parking lot) proposals are submitted.

Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Diseases on Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Daegu Metropolitan City

Park Bo Eun,Lee Jang Hoon,Park Hyuk Kyoon,Kim Hong Nyun,Jang Se Yong,Bae Myung Hwan,Yang Dong Heon,Park Hun Sik,Cho Yongkeun,Lee Bong Yul,Nam Chang Wook,Lee Jin Bae,Kim Ung,Chae Shung Chull,Daegu COVI 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.2

Background: Data regarding the association between preexisting cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and the outcomes of patients requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of preexisting CVRFs or CVDs on the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a Korean healthcare system. Methods: Patients with COVID-19 admitted to 10 hospitals in Daegu Metropolitan City, Korea, were examined. All sequentially hospitalized patients between February 15, 2020, and April 24, 2020, were enrolled in this study. All patients were confirmed to have COVID-19 based on the positive results on the polymerase chain reaction testing of nasopharyngeal samples. Clinical outcomes during hospitalization, such as requiring intensive care and invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and death, were evaluated. Moreover, data on baseline comorbidities such as a history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, current smoking, heart failure, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accidents, and other chronic cardiac diseases were obtained. Results: Of all the patients enrolled, 954 (42.0%) had preexisting CVRFs or CVDs. Among the CVRFs, the most common were hypertension (28.8%) and diabetes mellitus (17.0%). The prevalence rates of preexisting CVRFs or CVDs increased with age (P < 0.001). The number of patients requiring intensive care (P < 0.001) and invasive MV (P < 0.001) increased with age. The in-hospital death rate increased with age (P < 0.001). Patients requiring intensive care (5.3% vs. 1.6%; P < 0.001) and invasive MV (4.3% vs. 1.7%; P < 0.001) were significantly greater in patients with preexisting CVRFs or CVDs. In-hospital mortality (12.9% vs. 3.1%; P < 0.001) was significantly higher in patients with preexisting CVRFs or CVDs. Among the CVRFs, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were associated with increased requirement of intensive care and invasive MV and in-hospital death. Among the known CVDs, coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure were associated with invasive MV and in-hospital death. In multivariate analysis, preexisting CVRFs or CVDs (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–3.01; P = 0.027) were independent predictors of in-hospital death after adjusting for confounding variables. Among individual preexisting CVRF or CVD components, diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.51–3.90; P < 0.001) and congestive heart failure (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.06–5.87; P = 0.049) were independent predictors of in-hospital death. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the patients with confirmed COVID-19 with preexisting CVRFs or CVDs had worse clinical outcomes. Caution is required in dealing with these patients at triage.