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Long Piao(Long Piao),Kwangho Jung(Kwangho Jung) 한국학술연구원 2022 Korea Observer Vol.53 No.4
This paper explores the diverse ways Chinese policymakers view the foreign policy process in China. Two approaches characterize conventional accounts of the foreign policy decision-making process. One of these, based on Graham Allison's rational, organizational, and bureaucratic politics models, focuses on intragovernmental aspects of foreign policy decision-making processes, while the other highlights extra-governmental domestic and foreign factors. However, these approaches have neglected the question of who leads foreign policy and how state, society, and grassroots interact through coalition. We interviewed Chinese scholars and foreign policy experts using Q statements to explore China's foreign policy response to South Korea's deployment of THAAD. Our findings offer new theoretical insights into China's foreign policy process by identifying statedriven, grassroots-based, and state-society coalition models.
Piao, Hai-long,Xuan, Yuan-hu,Park, Su-Hyun,Je, Byoung-Il,Park, Soon-Ju,Park, Sung-Han,Kim, Chul-Min,Huang, Jin,Wang, Guo Kui,Kim, Min-Jung,Kang, Sang-Mo,Lee, In-Jung,Kwon, Taek-Ryoun,Kim, Yong-Hwan,Ye Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2010 Molecules and cells Vol.30 No.1
Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are a group of typical Ser/Thr protein kinases that mediate calcium signals. Extensive studies using Arabidopsis plants have demonstrated that many calcium signatures that activate CIPKs originate from abiotic stresses. However, there are few reports on the functional demonstration of CIPKs in other plants, especially in grasses. In this study, we used a loss-of-function mutation to characterize the function of the rice CIPK gene OsCIPK31. Exposure to high concentrations of NaCl or mannitol effected a rapid and transient enhancement of OsCIPK31 expression. These findings were observed only in the light. However, longer exposure to most stresses resulted in downregulation of OsCIPK31 expression in both the presence and absence of light. To determine the physiological roles of OsCIPK31 in rice plants, the sensitivity of oscipk31::Ds, which is a transposon Ds insertion mutant, to abiotic stresses was examined during germination and seedling stages. oscipk31::Ds mutants exhibited hypersensitive phenotypes to ABA, salt, mannitol, and glucose. Compared with wild-type rice plants, mutants exhibited retarded germination and slow seedling growth. In addition, oscipk31::Ds seedlings exhibited enhanced expression of several stress-responsive genes after exposure to these abiotic stresses. However, the expression of ABA metabolic genes and the endogenous levels of ABA were not altered significantly in the oscipk31::Ds mutant. This study demonstrated that rice plants use OsCIPK31 to modulate responses to abiotic stresses during the seed germination and seedling stages and to modulate the expression of stress-responsive genes.
Effect of bio-template on the properties of SiO2/Al2O3 composites for drug delivery
Long-Yue Meng,Weiqi Jiang,Wen Xiang Piao,Wan Meng 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.37 No.-
In this study, SiO2/Al2O3 composites (C-SLNs) were successfully synthesized using chitosan as thetemplate for drug delivery. The C-SLNs had higher specific surface areas (244–607 m2/g), total porevolumes (0.19–0.34 cm3 g 1), and narrow mesopore size distribution. The porosity of the C-SLNsprepared under high Si/Al ratio conditions was achieved mostly by the formation of wider pores thatwere distributed in the meso-/macro-pores. And, the C-SLNs were used as a levofloxacin carrier to studyits drug release behavior, which exhibited an initial fast release followed by a sustained release andantibacterial effectiveness over a long period.
Prognostic Value of T Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin-3 in Prostate Cancer
Piao, Yong-Rui,Piao, Long-Zhen,Zhu, Lian-Hua,Jin, Zhe-Hu,Dong, Xiu-Zhe Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6
Background: Optimal treatment for prostate cancer remains a challenge worldwide. Recently, T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) has been implicated in tumor biology but its contribution prostate cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TIM-3 as a prognostic marker in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: TIM-3 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in 137 prostate cancer tumor samples and paired adjacent benign tissue. We also performed cell proliferation assays using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl- 2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell invasion assays. The effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of TIM-3 (TIM-3 siRNA) in two human prostate cancer cell lines were also evaluated. Results: TIM-3 expression was higher in prostate cancer tissue than in the adjacent benign tissue (P<0.001). High TIM-3 expression was an independent predictor of both recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival. TIM-3 protein was expressed in both prostate cancer cell lines and knockdown suppressed their proliferation and invasion capacity. Conclusions: TIM-3 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Taken together, our resutlts indicate that TIM-3 is a potential prognostic marker in prostate cancer.
PIAO LONG,조정래,Kong Fanbin 한국사회과학협의회 2019 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.46 No.2
Among a host of countries that have been accelerating public investment to gain first mover’s advantage in critical scientific technological areas, China’s remarkable speed and accomplishments of S&T development has been not only a subject of intense international recognition in recent years but also intensifying U.S-China rivalry. While such achievements were in large part a product of supremely streamlined nationwide policy implementation structure of the country, it has also been subject to disturbances from increasing political uncertainties in its local governments originating in large part from the central government’s enforcement of anti-graft policy. Given the unique confluence of these dynamics that affect China’s S&T development, this study aims to analyze the effects of political factors on Chinese local government’s science and technology budget expenditure. For this purpose, we construct a 1998 - 2016 panel data of relevant variables and perform empirical analyses using fixed-effects and random-effects models. Independent variables in this study include the level of public corruption, appointment of a central government official to party committee secretaryship, party committee secretaries’ number of years in office, age at the time of appointment and level of education. The results of our analyses indicate that the level of public corruption and party committee secretary’s level of education have significant negative effects on local governments’ S&T expenditure while appointment of a central government official to position of the party committee secretary has a significant positive effect. On the other hand, the number of years in office was found to have a non-linear, U-shaped relationship, indicating the need for more stability in provincial leadership. Among control variables, per-capita GRDP, the level of market opening, the level of fiscal independence and the proportion of S&T spending in preceding years’ total expenditure had positive effects of statistical significance.
PIAO LONG,박효성,이서희 현대중국학회 2019 現代中國硏究 Vol.20 No.4
This paper aims to empirically analyze the effects of political uncertainty on local governments’ fixed-asset investment in China and determine whether there exist variations across the country’s three different regions. For that purpose, we construct a panel data set for 283 prefectures in the country, covering the period of 2003 - 2016. The effects of replacement of prefecture-level party secretaries are estimated using the methods of both fixed effects and system GMM analyses while party committee secretaries’ individual characteristics and prefecture-specific socioeconomic conditions are controlled for. The results of the analyses indicate that changes in local government leadership adversely affects local governments’ fixed-asset investment, and such effects are greatest in the Western region, followed by the Middle and the Eastern regions.