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Characterization of Nutritional Value for Twenty-one Pork Muscles
Kim, J.H.,Seong, P.N.,Cho, S.H.,Park, B.Y.,Hah, K.H.,Yu, L. H.,Lim, D.G.,Hwang, I.H.,Kim, D.H.,Lee, J.M.,Ahn, C.N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.1
A study was conducted to evaluate nutritional value for twenty-one pork muscles. Ten market-weight crossbred pigs (five gilts and five barrows) were used for evaluating proximate chemical composition, cholesterol, total iron, calorie and fatty acid contents. As preliminary analysis revealed no noticeable sex effect, pooled data from both sexes were used for the final analysis. M. rectus femoris had the highest moisture content, while m. latissimus dorsi was lowest in moisture content (p<0.05). Protein content was highest for m. longissimus dorsi and lowest for m. supraspinatus (p<0.05). The tensor fasciae and latissimus dorsi muscles contained the highest intramuscular fat (p<0.05), while rectus femoris, adductor and vastus lateralis were lowest in intramuscular fat content. When simple correlations between chemical values were computed for the pooled dataset from all muscles, intramuscular fat had significant (p<0.05) negative linear relationships with moisture (r = -0.85) and protein (r = -0.51) contents. Calorie levels were not significantly affected by fat content, while rectus femoris and latissimus dorsi muscles showed lowest and highest calorie contents, respectively (p<0.05). Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest (p<0.05) for both m. adductor and m. rectus femoris, while it was lowest for m. longissimus dorsi. Collectively, the current study identified a large amount of variation in nutritional characteristics between pork muscles, and the data can be used for the development of muscle-specific strategies to improve eating quality of meats and meat products.
Yu, Jun,Tao, Qian,Cheng, Yuen Y.,Lee, Kwan Y.,Ng, Simon S. M.,Cheung, Kin F.,Tian, Linwei,Rha, Sun Y.,Neumann, Ulf,Rö,cken, Christoph,Ebert, Matthias P. A.,Chan, Francis K. L.,Sung, Joseph J. Y. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Cancer Vol.115 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND:</B></P><P>Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is common and critical in the pathogenesis of digestive cancers. In this study, the authors investigated the promoter methylation of the dickkopf homolog 3 gene <I>Dkk‐3</I> in these cancers and its prognostic significance in gastric cancer.</P><P><B>METHODS:</B></P><P><I>Dkk‐3</I> methylation was assessed in 173 patients with gastric cancers (including 104 patients who were followed for up to 4090 days) and in 128 patients with colorectal cancer. Cell growth was evaluated by using a colony‐formation assay. For survival analyses, the authors used Kaplan‐Meier plots, the log‐rank test, and Cox proportional regression.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P><I>Dkk‐3</I> was silenced or down‐regulated in 12 of 17 gastric cancer cell lines (70.6%) and in 3 of 9 colon cancer cell lines (33.3%). The loss of gene expression was associated with promoter methylation, which could be restored by demethylating agents. Ectopic expression of <I>Dkk‐3</I> suppressed colony formation. Moreover, methylation of <I>Dkk‐3</I> was detected in 117 of 173 primary gastric tumors (67.6%) and in 67 of 128 colorectal tumors (52.3%). The clinical significance and the prognostic value of <I>Dkk‐3</I> methylation also were examined in 104 gastric cancers and in 84 colorectal cancers. Multivariate analysis indicated that <I>Dkk‐3</I> methylation was associated significantly and independently with poor disease survival (relative risk, 2.534; 95% confidence interval, 1.54–4.17; <I>P</I> = .002) in gastric cancer, but not in colorectal cancer. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves revealed that patients who had <I>Dkk‐3</I> methylated gastric cancers had a significantly shorter survival (median, 0.76 years) compared with patients who did not have <I>Dkk‐3</I> methylation (median, 2.68 years; <I>P</I> < .0001; log‐rank test).</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>Epigenetic silencing of the <I>Dkk‐3</I> gene by promoter methylation was a common event in gastric cancer and was associated with a poor outcome in such patients. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.</P>
Ma, R. C. W.,Hu, C.,Tam, C. H.,Zhang, R.,Kwan, P.,Leung, T. F.,Thomas, G. N.,Go, M. J.,Hara, K.,Sim, X.,Ho, J. S. K.,Wang, C.,Li, H.,Lu, L.,Wang, Y.,Li, J. W.,Wang, Y.,Lam, V. K. L.,Wang, J.,Yu, W.,Ki Springer-Verlag 2013 Diabetologia Vol.56 No.6
<P><B>Aims/hypothesis</B></P><P>Most genetic variants identified for type 2 diabetes have been discovered in European populations. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in a Chinese population with the aim of identifying novel variants for type 2 diabetes in Asians.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We performed a meta-analysis of three GWAS comprising 684 patients with type 2 diabetes and 955 controls of Southern Han Chinese descent. We followed up the top signals in two independent Southern Han Chinese cohorts (totalling 10,383 cases and 6,974 controls), and performed in silico replication in multiple populations.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>We identified <I>CDKN2A/B</I> and four novel type 2 diabetes association signals with <I>p</I> < 1 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> from the meta-analysis. Thirteen variants within these four loci were followed up in two independent Chinese cohorts, and rs10229583 at 7q32 was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes in a combined analysis of 11,067 cases and 7,929 controls (<I>p</I><SUB>meta</SUB> = 2.6 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>; OR [95% CI] 1.18 [1.11, 1.25]). In silico replication revealed consistent associations across multiethnic groups, including five East Asian populations (<I>p</I><SUB>meta</SUB> = 2.3 × 10<SUP>−10</SUP>) and a population of European descent (<I>p</I> = 8.6 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP>). The rs10229583 risk variant was associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose, impaired beta cell function in controls, and an earlier age at diagnosis for the cases. The novel variant lies within an islet-selective cluster of open regulatory elements. There was significant heterogeneity of effect between Han Chinese and individuals of European descent, Malaysians and Indians.</P><P><B>Conclusions/interpretation</B></P><P>Our study identifies rs10229583 near <I>PAX4</I> as a novel locus for type 2 diabetes in Chinese and other populations and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-013-2874-4) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.</P>
IL10 and TNF variants and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among three Asian populations
Hosgood III, H. Dean,Au, Wing-Yan,Kim, Hee Nam,Liu, Jie,Hu, Wei,Tse, Jovic,Song, Bao,Wong, Kit-fai,Lee, Je-Jung,Chanock, Stephen J.,Siu, L. P.,Purdue, Mark P.,Shin, Min-ho,Yu, Jinming,Liang, Raymond,K Springer-Verlag 2013 International journal of hematology Vol.97 No.6
<P>Genetic variation in immune-related genes, such as IL10 and TNF, have been associated with the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Caucasian populations. To test the hypothesis that IL10 and TNF polymorphisms may be associated with NHL risk in Asian populations, we genotyped 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL10 and TNF/LTA loci in three independent case-control studies (2635 cases and 4234 controls). IL10 rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 were genotyped in all three studies, while 5 of the remaining SNPs were genotyped in two studies, and 12 in a single study. IL10 rs1800896 was associated with B cell lymphoma [per-allele odds ratio (OR)?=?1.25, 95?% confidence interval (CI)?1.08-1.45; p trend?=?0.003], specifically diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (per-allele OR?=?1.29, 95?% CI?1.08-1.53; p trend?=?0.004), as well as T cell lymphoma (per-allele OR?=?1.44, 95?% CI?1.13-1.82; p trend?=?0.003). TNF rs1800629, which was genotyped in only two of our studies, was also associated with B cell lymphoma (per-allele OR?=?0.77, 95?% CI?0.64-0.91; p trend?=?0.003), specifically DLBCL (per-allele OR?=?0.69, 95?% CI?0.55-0.86; p trend?=?0.001). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in IL10 and TNF may also play a role in lymphomagenesis in Asian populations.</P>
Initial Stage of Graphene Growth on a Cu Substrate
Hwang, Chanyong,Yoo, K.,Kim, S. J.,Seo, E. K.,Yu, H.,Biró,, L. P. American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.115 No.45
<P>The growth of graphene on copper foil has attracted attention in the last two years due to its feasibility for a controllable growth process. One of the key issues remaining for practical application of graphene in solid-state devices is growth with a large grain size. Because the C–C bond in graphene is strong enough to prevent the evaporation–condensation process, Smoluchowski ripening is expected to be the dominant process for coalescence. In this article, we present the initial growth process of graphene on a Cu foil via the chemical vapor deposition method by using secondary electron microscopy and Raman microscopy. In contrast to the other transition-metal substrates, such as Ir and Rh, the center of graphene islands binds to the substrate more rigidly than the edge. For the growth with a large grain size, the graphene should be grown on a substrate with a low diffusion barrier for the carbon clusters (or islands) with low flux; this is the controlling parameter for the grain size. In addition, high-temperature growth (or annealing) generally becomes a dominant condition for the completion of graphene growth with large grains after the coalescence.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-45/jp205980d/production/images/medium/jp-2011-05980d_0010.gif'></P>
Hussain, Sk.K.,Rao, G.M.,Raju, G.S.R.,Krishna Bharat, L.,Subba Rao, P.S.V.,Yu, J.S. Elsevier [etc.] 2016 Journal of luminescence Vol.178 No.-
<P>Trivalent terbium (Tb3+) or samarium (Sm3+) ions individually activated green and orange emitting Sr2Gd8Si6O26 (SGSO) phosphors were synthesized by a citrate sol-gel method. The X-ray diffraction patterns of SGSO:Tb3+ and SGSO:Sm3+ phosphors exhibited the characteristic diffraction peaks of oxyapatite in a hexagonal lattice structure. The photoluminescence (PL) properties at ultraviolet (UV) or near-UV excitation wavelengths were measured for Tb3+ or Sm3+ ions doped SGSO phosphors as a function of its respective concentration. The PL spectra of SGSO:Tb3+ phosphors revealed the characteristic emission peaks of both Gd3+ and Tb3+ ions which are associated with 4f-4f transitions under 274 nm of excitation wavelength. When the concentration of Tb3+ ions increased over 0.05 mol (5 mol%), the emission intensities of D-5(3) transitions decreased due to the well-known cross-relaxation process. However, based on the intensities of D-5(4) transitions, the optimum concentration of Tb3+ ions was found to be 0.05 mol. Under 404 nm of excitation wavelength, the SGSO:Sm3+ phosphors exhibited the characteristic orange emission at 600 nm due to the (4)G(5/2) -> H-6(7/2) electronic transition. The optimum concentration of SGSO:Sm3+ phosphors was found to be 0.02 mol. The decay curves of the optimized SGSO:Tb3+ and SGSO:Sm3+ phosphors were well fitted to single exponential functions and their lifetimes were calculated. Furthermore, the optimized phosphor samples showed good thermal stability. Likewise, cathodoluminescence properties were also studied for the optimized samples as a function of filament current and accelerating voltage. The Commission International de I-Eclairage chromaticity coordinates were calculated for the SGSO:Tb3+ and SGSO:Sm3+ phosphors. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>