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The Belle II SVD data readout system
Thalmeier, R.,Adamczyk, K.,Aihara, H.,Angelini, C.,Aziz, T.,Babu, V.,Bacher, S.,Bahinipati, S.,Barberio, E.,Baroncelli, Ti.,Baroncelli, To.,Basith, A.K.,Batignani, G.,Bauer, A.,Behera, P.K.,Bergauer, Elsevier BV * North-Holland 2017 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Belle II Experiment at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Tsukuba, Japan, will explore the asymmetry between matter and antimatter and search for new physics beyond the standard model.</P> <P>172 double-sided silicon strip detectors are arranged cylindrically in four layers around the collision point to be part of a system which measures the tracks of the collision products of electrons and positrons. A total of 1748 radiation-hard APV25 chips read out 128 silicon strips each and send the analog signals by time-division multiplexing out of the radiation zone to 48 Flash Analog Digital Converter Modules (FADC).</P> <P>Each of them applies processing to the data; for example, it uses a digital finite impulse response filter to compensate line signal distortions, and it extracts the peak timing and amplitude from a set of several data points for each hit, using a neural network.</P> <P>We present an overview of the SVD data readout system, along with front-end electronics, cabling, power supplies and data processing.</P>
The Belle II silicon vertex detector: Assembly and initial results
Thalmeier, R.,Casarosa, G.,Schwanda, C.,Aihara, H.,Aziz, T.,Bacher, S.,Bahinipati, S.,Barberio, E.,Baroncelli, Ti.,Baroncelli, To.,Basith, A.K.,Batignani, G.,Bauer, A.,Behera, P.K.,Bertacchi, V.,Betta Elsevier 2019 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol.936 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The “chip-on-sensor” concept of this detector minimizes the distance of the signal propagation from the double-sided silicon detector strips to the readout chips and thus reduces noise from strip capacitance. One half of the detector is built, the second half is being assembled at the time of writing. Prototypes have been tested in several test beams as well as in the so-called Phase 2 setup inside the detector structure. First results from a commissioning run of the Belle-II prototype SVD detector are presented. The measured signal-to-noise and timing performance are found to be according to design specifications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The Belle-II Silicon Vertex Detector is based on a “chip-on-sensor” concept. </LI> <LI> One half of the detector is built, the second half is being assembled. </LI> <LI> Prototypes have been tested in a commissioning run inside the detector structure. </LI> <LI> The measured SNR and hit time are found to be according to design specifications. </LI> </UL> </P>
The Belle II silicon vertex detector assembly and mechanics
Adamczyk, K.,Aihara, H.,Angelini, C.,Aziz, T.,Babu, V.,Bacher, S.,Bahinipati, S.,Barberio, E.,Baroncelli, Ti.,Baroncelli, To.,Basith, A.K.,Batignani, G.,Bauer, A.,Behera, P.K.,Bergauer, T.,Bettarini, Elsevier BV * North-Holland 2017 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Belle II experiment at the asymmetric SuperKEKB collider in Japan will operate at an instantaneous luminosity approximately 50 times greater than its predecessor (Belle). The central feature of the experiment is a vertex detector comprising two layers of pixelated silicon detectors (PXD) and four layers of double-sided silicon microstrip detectors (SVD). One of the key measurements for Belle II is CP violation asymmetry in the decays of beauty and charm hadrons, which hinges on a precise charged-track vertex determination and low-momentum track measurement. Towards this goal, a proper assembly of the SVD components with precise alignment ought to be performed and the geometrical tolerances should be checked to fall within the design limits. We present an overview of the assembly procedure that is being followed, which includes the precision gluing of the SVD module components, wire-bonding of the various electrical components, and precision 3D coordinate measurements of the final SVD modules.</P> <P>Finally, some results from the latest test-beam are reported.</P>
Riahi, Keywan,van Vuuren, Detlef P.,Kriegler, Elmar,Edmonds, Jae,O’Neill, Brian C.,Fujimori, Shinichiro,Bauer, Nico,Calvin, Katherine,Dellink, Rob,Fricko, Oliver,Lutz, Wolfgang,Popp, Alexander,Cuaresm Elsevier 2017 Global environmental change Vol.42 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper presents the overview of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and their energy, land use, and emissions implications. The SSPs are part of a new scenario framework, established by the climate change research community in order to facilitate the integrated analysis of future climate impacts, vulnerabilities, adaptation, and mitigation. The pathways were developed over the last years as a joint community effort and describe plausible major global developments that together would lead in the future to different challenges for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The SSPs are based on five narratives describing alternative socio-economic developments, including sustainable development, regional rivalry, inequality, fossil-fueled development, and middle-of-the-road development. The long-term demographic and economic projections of the SSPs depict a wide uncertainty range consistent with the scenario literature. A multi-model approach was used for the elaboration of the energy, land-use and the emissions trajectories of SSP-based scenarios. The baseline scenarios lead to global energy consumption of 400–1200 EJ in 2100, and feature vastly different land-use dynamics, ranging from a possible reduction in cropland area up to a massive expansion by more than 700 million hectares by 2100. The associated annual CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions of the baseline scenarios range from about 25 GtCO<SUB>2</SUB> to more than 120 GtCO<SUB>2</SUB> per year by 2100. With respect to mitigation, we find that associated costs strongly depend on three factors: (1) the policy assumptions, (2) the socio-economic narrative, and (3) the stringency of the target. The carbon price for reaching the target of 2.6W/m<SUP>2</SUP> that is consistent with a temperature change limit of 2°C, differs in our analysis thus by about a factor of three across the SSP marker scenarios. Moreover, many models could not reach this target from the SSPs with high mitigation challenges. While the SSPs were designed to represent different mitigation and adaptation challenges, the resulting narratives and quantifications span a wide range of different futures broadly representative of the current literature. This allows their subsequent use and development in new assessments and research projects. Critical next steps for the community scenario process will, among others, involve regional and sectoral extensions, further elaboration of the adaptation and impacts dimension, as well as employing the SSP scenarios with the new generation of earth system models as part of the 6th climate model intercomparison project (CMIP6).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We present an overview of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), which were developed as a community effort over the last years. </LI> <LI> The SSPs comprise five narratives and a set of driving forces. </LI> <LI> Our SSP scenarios quantify energy and land-use developments and associated uncertainties for greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions. </LI> <LI> We conduct an SSP mitigation analysis, and estimate mitigation costs. We find that very low climate targets might be out of reach in SSPs featuring high challenges. </LI> <LI> The SSPs are now ready for use by the climate change research community. </LI> </UL> </P>
<i>EPOXI</i> : COMET 103P/HARTLEY 2 OBSERVATIONS FROM A WORLDWIDE CAMPAIGN
Meech, K. J.,A’Hearn, M. F.,Adams, J. A.,Bacci, P.,Bai, J.,Barrera, L.,Battelino, M.,Bauer, J. M.,Becklin, E.,Bhatt, B.,Biver, N.,Bockelé,e-Morvan, D.,Bodewits, D.,Bö,hnhardt, H.,Boissier, J IOP Publishing 2011 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.734 No.1
<P>Earth- and space-based observations provide synergistic information for space mission encounters by providing data over longer timescales, at different wavelengths and using techniques that are impossible with an in situ flyby. We report here such observations in support of the EPOXI spacecraft flyby of comet 103P/Hartley 2. The nucleus is small and dark, and exhibited a very rapidly changing rotation period. Prior to the onset of activity, the period was similar to 16.4 hr. Starting in 2010 August the period changed from 16.6 hr to near 19 hr in December. With respect to dust composition, most volatiles and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, the comet is similar to other Jupiter-family comets. What is unusual is the dominance of CO2-driven activity near perihelion, which likely persists out to aphelion. Near perihelion the comet nucleus was surrounded by a large halo of water-ice grains that contributed significantly to the total water production.</P>
Teaching Power Electronics in 21st Century
P. Bauer 전력전자학회 2009 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.2
Today the education is influenced by eLearning facilities and the accent lies in skills and (deep) understanding rather than in knowledge. In the tutorial survey of the present state of development of eLearning in Power Electronics is given. Problem based and project based education are the keywords for modem education. This gives the student a very good knowledge to the individual disciplines while integrating the disciplines together to a useful whole of knowledge and skills is difficult. Integrating the disciplines and finding new challenging examples and teaching methods is illustrated on example of an electrical drive for a hybrid car. The paper summarizes the results achieved in the development of multimedia based eLearning tools in the field power electronics as well as distance and virtual laboratories. Virtual and distance laboratories extend possibilities of the web application area. This leads to an openly integrated environment which facilitates sharing not only of educational material, but also hardware and software resources. Finally. there are sketched expected trends and challenges for future development of the e-learning for electrical engineering subjects.
Belle-II VXD radiation monitoring and beam abort with sCVD diamond sensors
Adamczyk, K.,Aihara, H.,Angelini, C.,Aziz, T.,Babu, V.,Bacher, S.,Bahinipati, S.,Barberio, E.,Baroncelli, T.,Basith, A.K.,Batignani, G.,Bauer, A.,Behera, P.K.,Bergauer, T.,Bettarini, S.,Bhuyan, B.,Bil Elsevier 2016 Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Vol.824 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Belle-II VerteX Detector (VXD) has been designed to improve the performances with respect to Belle and to cope with an unprecedented luminosity of 8 × <SUP> 10 35 </SUP> <SUP> cm − 2 </SUP> <SUP> s − 1 </SUP> achievable by the SuperKEKB. Special care is needed to monitor both the radiation dose accumulated throughout the life of the experiment and the instantaneous radiation rate, in order to be able to promptly react to sudden spikes for the purpose of protecting the detectors. A radiation monitoring and beam abort system based on single-crystal diamond sensors is now under an active development for the VXD. The sensors will be placed in several key positions in the vicinity of the interaction region. The severe space limitations require a challenging remote readout of the sensors.</P>
Belle II SVD ladder assembly procedure and electrical qualification
Adamczyk, K.,Aihara, H.,Angelini, C.,Aziz, T.,Babu, Varghese,Bacher, S.,Bahinipati, S.,Barberio, E.,Baroncelli, T.,Basith, A.K.,Batignani, G.,Bauer, A.,Behera, P.K.,Bergauer, T.,Bettarini, S.,Bhuyan, Elsevier 2016 Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Vol.824 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric <SUP> e + </SUP> <SUP> e − </SUP> collider in Japan will operate at a luminosity approximately 50 times larger than its predecessor (Belle). At its heart lies a six-layer vertex detector comprising two layers of pixelated silicon detectors (PXD) and four layers of double-sided silicon microstrip detectors (SVD). One of the key measurements for Belle II is time-dependent CP violation asymmetry, which hinges on a precise charged-track vertex determination. Towards this goal, a proper assembly of the SVD components with precise alignment ought to be performed and the geometrical tolerances should be checked to fall within the design limits. We present an overview of the assembly procedure that is being followed, which includes the precision gluing of the SVD module components, wire-bonding of the various electrical components, and precision three dimensional coordinate measurements of the jigs used in assembly as well as of the final SVD modules.</P>
The magnetic instability of Yb<sub>2</sub>Pd<sub>2</sub>(In,Sn) in a non-Fermi liquid environment
Bauer, E,Hilscher, G,Michor, H,Paul, Ch,Aoki, Y,Sato, H,Adroja, D T,Park, J-G,Bonville, P,Godart, C,Sereni, J,Giovannini, M,Saccone, A IOP Pub 2005 Journal of physics, an Institute of Physics journa Vol.17 No.11
<P>Various concentrations of the solid solution Yb<SUB>2</SUB>Pd<SUB>2</SUB>In<SUB>1−<I>x</I></SUB>Sn<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> ranging from <I>x</I> = 0 to 1 with the tetragonal Mo<SUB>2</SUB>FeB<SUB>2</SUB>-type structure were prepared and their physical properties were studied by means of bulk and spectroscopic measurements as a function of temperature, pressure and magnetic fields. Results deduced from these studies indicate a slight variation of the valency of the Yb ions, from <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0953-8984/17/11/032/cm192308ieqn1.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\nu \approx 2.9 '/> for both border compounds to &ngr; = 3 at <I>x</I> = 0.6. This variation gives rise to the appearance of long range magnetic order in a narrow concentration region around <I>x</I> = 0.6, while both border compounds remain non-magnetic. The outstanding concentration dependence for the ordered regime may be indicative of two quantum critical points, a novel feature not yet observed in Yb compounds. </P>