Overexpression of dehydration-responsive element-binding 1 protein (DREB1) in transgenic Solanum tuberosum enhances tolerance to biotic stress

Mariam Charfeddine,Donia Bouaziz,Safa Charfeddine,Asma Hammami,Oumèma Nouri Ellouz,Radhia Gargouri Bouzid 한국식물생명공학회 2015 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.9 No.2

Plant growth and productivity are greatly affected by environmental stresses such as dehydration, high salinity, low temperature and pathogen infection. Plant adaptation to these environmental stresses is controlled by cascades of molecular networks. The dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors play an important role in the response of plants to environmental stresses by controlling the expression of many stress-related genes. They specifically interact with C-repeat/DRE (A/ GCCGAC) sequences present in the promoter regions of target genes. One of the DREB1 cDNA was previously cloned and overexpressed in transgenic potato plants. These transgenic plants displayed an improved tolerance to high salinity and drought stresses. The StDREB1 factor belongs to A-4 group that seem to be involved in biotic stress response. This report investigates the effect of Fusarium solani infection on the StDREB1 transgenic lines. Since a number of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are considered as DREB1 target genes, the expression of PR2, PR9 and PR3 genes were tested under biotic stress conditions. The β-1,3-glucanase (PR2) was specifically induced upon infection, whereas the chitinase and the peroxydase were expressed constitutively. The data also show that high levels of DREB1 transcripts accumulated rapidly when wild-type and transgenic plants were infected by F. solani. DREB1 transgenic potato plants accumulated higher levels of pathogenesis-related gene transcripts, such as PR2. These results showed that StDREB1 plays an important role in response to fungal attack in potato.

Current Status of North Korean Teaching Method Following the Changes in Content Deployment Method in Textbooks

Oum Hyun Suk 건국대학교 통일인문학연구단 2017 통일인문학 Vol.3 No.2

This article examines the current status of North Korean teaching method according to the changes in the content deployment in textbooks which were published after Kim Jong-un assumed power. The author examined changes in the content deployment of first-year textbooks for elementary, middle and high schools which were published after Kim Jong-un took power and analyzed how such changes affected the teaching method. For this, the article reviewed periodical publications on North Korean education which were published around 2012 to examine the evaluation of the teacher's group which is directly affected the supplementation of the teaching method. The study focused on the changes in content deployment in textbooks as such changes require assessment on whether they require direct changes to the teaching method. The outcome of the study can be summarized as the following. Firstly, changes in the content deployment methods of textbooks are made in various forms and approaches. Secondly, the way of describing contents has deviated from historical narrative. The change of the teaching method is inevitable as the content deployment methods are transformed to enhance readability and to shift focus from knowledge transfer to activity-oriented manner. Moreover, British English education curriculum, teaching materials, teaching aids, and English the teaching method that came from outside helped to solve the thirst for new teaching method. However, it is not an easy task to change the teaching method for the vast majority of North Korean teachers who have not been exposed to the ‘global education development trend.’

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Mammalian Oocytes

Oum. K. B.,K. Y. Cha,K. S. Chung 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 1996 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.19 No.4

An Analysis of Success Factors for Attracting International Distribution Centers

Oum Tae-Hoon 한국무역학회 2004 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2004 No.4

Faster algorithms for vertex partitioning problems parameterized by clique-width

Oum, S.i.,Saether, S.H.,Vatshelle, M. North-Holland Pub. Co ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Theoretical computer science Vol.535 No.-

Many NP-hard problems, such as Dominating Set, are FPT parameterized by clique-width. For graphs of clique-width k given with a k-expression, Dominating Set can be solved in 4<SUP>k</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP> time. However, no FPT algorithm is known for computing an optimal k-expression. For a graph of clique-width k, if we rely on known algorithms to compute a (2<SUP>3k</SUP>-1)-expression via rank-width and then solving Dominating Set using the (2<SUP>3k</SUP>-1)-expression, the above algorithm will only give a runtime of 4<SUP>2^3^k</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. There have been results which overcome this exponential jump; the best known algorithm can solve Dominating Set in time 2<SUP>O(k^2)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP> by avoiding constructing a k-expression Bui-Xuan et al. (2013) [7]. We improve this to 2<SUP>O(klogk)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. Indeed, we show that for a graph of clique-width k, a large class of domination and partitioning problems (LC-VSP), including Dominating Set, can be solved in 2<SUP>O(klogk)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. Our main tool is a variant of rank-width using the rank of a 0-1 matrix over the rational field instead of the binary field.

An Analysis of Success Factors for Attracting International Distribution Centers

Oum Tae-Hoon 한국무역학회 2004 國際學術大會 論文集 Vol.2004 No.4

La convolution sur le produit tensoriel des espaces localement convexes

Oum, Jang-Il 釜山大學校 1969 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Observation of Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics and Phonon Relaxation of Graphene from the Deep-Ultraviolet to the Visible Region

Oum, Kawon,Lenzer, Thomas,Scholz, Mirko,Jung, Dae Yool,Sul, Onejae,Cho, Byung Jin,Lange, Jens,Mü,ller, Andreas American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.12

<P>We investigated the ultrafast carrier dynamics and phonon relaxation of CVD-grown monolayer and 9-layer graphene on a quartz substrate. Excitation was performed at 400 and 800 nm. The normalized change in optical density ΔOD was probed over the range 260–640 nm (1.94–4.77 eV), reaching down into the region of graphene’s Fano resonance, previously not investigated in femtosecond broadband pump–probe experiments. Time constants of 160 fs and 4 ps were found and assigned to carrier–optical phonon scattering and slower phonon relaxation processes, respectively. The carrier distribution at early times was clearly hotter for 400 nm excitation than for 800 nm excitation. A pronounced spectral bleach feature was observed below 300 nm. It immediately formed after photoexcitation and recovered slowly, with a time constant of 35 ps for monolayer and time constants of 120 and 970 ps for 9-layer graphene. The same dynamics were found for weak transient absorption features above 300 nm, which emerged after ca. 0.5 ps. The slow dynamics were assigned to interfacial heat flow from graphene to the quartz substrate. The bleach and absorption features were well described by a simple model assuming a red-shift of the Fano resonance. This red-shift disappeared with progressive cooling of graphene. We therefore suggest that the red-shift is induced by shrinking of the band separation due to lattice heating.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-12/jp4072197/production/images/medium/jp-2013-072197_0010.gif'></P>

1989년 민주화 혁명 이후 루마니아어에 나타난 전문용어의 변화 양상 : 법률용어를 중심으로

엄태현(Oum,Tae-Hyun) 한국동유럽발칸학회 2002 동유럽발칸학 Vol.4 No.1

Terminology is a linguistic sign, a way of expression that stays in different lexical categories when compared to general vocabulary, its main purpose being the accuracy and efficiency of communication. Terminology, as an ensemble of terms, can be classified into several sub-categories from the point of view of its specification levels of terms. Technical terms are used to refer more specific facts, while general terms are used to refer some more general facts. Some terms are used as general vocabulary. Legal terms are, from its pragmatic characters, used not only by law specialist but also by many non specialists of this domain. This is the reason why legal terms could be categorized as general terms. This tendency is also a characteristic factor of social science terminology. As social changes always cause lexical changes, so the same phenomenon occurs to terminology field, but more rapidly than to general vocabulary. This is due to the fact that terminology is used by a restricted field of speakers and not by all mass speakers. Legal terminology of Romanian language has had a lot changes after the Revolution in 1989. From the point of view of etymology, even though the influence of English is very strong to both general vocabulary and terminology, its influence on legal terms has not been that apparent. From the semantic point of view, they got through the general way of lexical changes: new terms were made, while old terms disappeared, a new concept was loaded to pre-existent terms, some pre-existent terms changed their meaning etc. Terminological changes on Romanian legal language could be a study case for Korea preparing post unification society since unified Korea will have the same linguistic problems which Romania has experienced from linguistic field by adopting different politico-economical system. Romania has had many problems from legal terminology field because they were not prepared at all in this domain.Korea, a county preparing unification, must prepare the unification of terminology from diverse domains. From legal field I, as a first step, suggest to construct a legal terminology index which shows a clear relation between South Korean legal terms and North Korean legal terms by participating law specialists and terminologists from both parts. As a second step, there must be a proper and clear definition for each terms which could be realized by terminology thesaurus and linguistic dictionaries.

루마니아의 파시즘

엄태현(Oum, Tae-Hyun) 아시아·중동부유럽학회 2006 동유럽발칸학 Vol.8 No.2

준 파시즘의 특징을 분석하고 그런 사회적 분위기에서 이루어진 집시 민족의 국외 강제이주에 대해서 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 집시 민족의 강제이주문제에 초점을 맞추는 이유는 유대인들에 대한 만행이 세계에 알려지고 그에 대한 보상의 노력이 있었던 반면 그 당시 큰 고통을 받았던 집시에 대한 차별과 고통은 거의 알려져 있지 않기 때문이다. 루마니아 파시스트 세력은 복잡한 정치-경제적 구조 내에서 탄생하는 것으로 당시 유럽 대륙에 유행하던 파시즘의 한 형태로도 볼 수 있지만 루마니아적인 상황에서 만들어진 특수성이 다분히 존재하여 독특한 모습을 보이고 있다. 당시 루마니아 정치의 중심축으로 서있던 세력은 왕정파, 파시스트, 군부 세 가지로 볼 수 있는 데 이들 사이에서 다양한 정치적 갈등이 분출된다. 카롤 2세를 중심으로 하는 왕정파는 부정부패로 국민들의 신망을 잃어가고 있었으며 정치에 실망한 농민과 도시 노동자 계층은 파시스트 세력을 대안으로 선택한다. 안토네스쿠(I. Antonescu) 장군의 군부 세력은 양자의 중간적 위치에 서있던 존재였다. 안토네스쿠의 군부는 카롤 2세가 물러나면서 파시스트 세력인 철위단과 손잡고 새로운 정권을 출발시킨다. 하지만 이내 파시스트와 단절하고 2차 대전의 참전을 결정하며 반유대주의적이고 인종차별주의적인 정책과 법률을 만들면서 그 당시 루마니아가 행한 악덕을 실질적으로 수행한 세력으로 기록된다. 안토네스쿠 군부정권의 성격은 다소 모호하며 논란의 대상이 되고 있는 것으로 이것을 규명하는 것이 당시 루마니아의 파시즘을 이해하는데 열쇠가 될 것이다. 이론적으로 파시스트의 성향에 가까운 세력이었던 ‘미카엘 대천사군단(Legiunea Arhanghelului Mihai)'이나 철위단(Garda de Fier)등에서 정치적 테러 외에 실질적으로 행한 파시스트적 행위 자체는 군부정권에 비해서 미미하기 때문이다. 안토네스쿠 정권이 소수민족들의 국외 이주를 강행한 이유는 루마니아의 인종적 균질성, 즉 순수하게 루마니아인들 만으로 구성된 국가를 구성하기 위한 것으로 보인다. 이 과정에서 집시 민족에 대한 차별과 강제 이주에 의한 인권유린은 매우 심각한 수준이었으나 그 문제에 대해서 당시 대다수의 루마니아인들은 매우 무관심했으며 그런 무관심은 오늘날까지도 이어지고 있다. About history we could possibly say that view points and interpretations are more important than the facts or events happened. History is similar to our present life in which exists diverse tries to receive and understand every day's news and events. Romania Fascism and Holocaust have been misunderstood and misinterpreted in the era of Communism, because of the marxist historians who believed there is no Romanian Holocaust or maybe simply because of political pressures. When Fascism is understood not as a proper name for Italian politics, but as a term which defines the ideology of widespread political tendency in Europe at 20th century, there existed two kinds of fascist in Romania. One is the Iron Guard group which was supported by public class, and the other is the Antonescu regime which was supported by pre existent powers and conservatives. The former tried to expand economic and political power of ordinary people, the latter aimed for the stability of conservatives and national development by means of totalitarian dictatorship. Substantial political powers were at the hands of the latter group and they were in charge of Holocaust in Romania. Antonescu Government decided the articipation of war between Germany and Russia at the year of 1941 without any consult of political leaders of Romania, nor any agreement with Germany. This was Marshal Antonescu's own decision by the judgement of Germany's victory at war. As a military man, Marshal Antonescu was quite sure of German military power and, in fact the situation itself was also favorable for Germany. That was the reason why he stands for the Hitler. It seems that he never agreed to Nazism. But the fact that he was a racist is quite sure. We could see this from the fact that ethnical purifying of Romanian people was one of his important policies. He wanted to purify Romania ethnically by transferring minority peoples to their countries where they came from and by accepting Romanian from neighboring countries.