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Neonatal Mice Spinal Cord Interneurons Send Axons through the Dorsal Roots
Osuna-Carrasco Laura Paulina,Dueñas-Jiménez Sergio Horacio,Toro-Castillo Carmen,De la Torre Braniff,Aguilar-García Irene,Alpirez Jonatan,Castillo Luis,Dueñas-Jiménez Judith Marcela 한국뇌신경과학회 2022 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.31 No.2
Spontaneous interneuron activity plays a critical role in developing neuronal networks. Discharges conducted antidromically along the dorsal root (DR) precede those from the ventral root’s (VR) motoneurons. This work studied whether spinal interneurons project axons into the neonate’s dorsal roots. Experiments were carried out in postnatal Swiss-Webster mice. We utilized a staining technique and found that interneurons in the spinal cord’s dorsal horn send axons through the dorsal roots. In vitro electrophysiological recordings showed antidromic action potentials (dorsal root reflex; DRR) produced by depolarizing the primary afferent terminals. These reflexes appeared by stimulating the adjacent dorsal roots. We found that bicuculline reduced the DRR evoked by L5 dorsal root stimulation when recording from the L4 dorsal root. Simultaneously, the monosynaptic reflex (MR) in the L5 ventral root was not affected; nevertheless, a long-lasting after-discharge appeared. The addition of 2-amino-5 phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), an NMDA receptor antagonist, abolished the MR without changing the after-discharge. The absence of DRR and MR facilitated single action potentials in the dorsal and ventral roots that persisted even in low Ca2+ concentrations. The results suggest that firing interneurons could send their axons through the dorsal roots. These interneurons could activate motoneurons producing individual spikes recorded in the ventral roots. Identifying these interneurons and the persistence of their neuronal connectivity in adulthood remains to be established.
Idalia Osuna-Ruiz,Marı´a Fernanda Espinoza-Marroquin,Jesu´ s Aaro´n Salazar-Leyva,Emyr Pen˜a,Carlos Alfonso A ´ lvarez-Gonza´lez,Isaura Ban˜uelos-Vargas,Emmanuel Martı´nez-Montan˜o 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.6
Pepsin from stomach of Bagre panamensis wassemi-purified and biochemically characterized. The acidproteolytic activity and purification fold were 3875 U/mgprotein and 91.85, respectively, after purification process. The optimum pH and temperature for semi-purified proteasewere 2–3 and 65 C, respectively. The enzymeactivity was stable after heating proteases at 50 C for120 min, but only 30% residual activity was detected afterheating at 65 C for 30 min. SDS-PAGE analysis showedtwo proteins bands after dialysis (26.1 and 38.6 kDa). Onlythe band of 38.6 kDa had proteolytic activity, which wasinhibited using pepstatin A. Organic solvents, surfactantsand reducing agents affect the proteolytic activity at differentextent; however, metal ions or EDTA have noimpact on protease activity. The semi-purified proteaseexhibited milk coagulant activity, with a maximum activityat 45 C. The obtained results highlight the potentialbiotechnological use of B. panamensis pepsin.
Micropropagation of Aristolochia elegans(Mast.)
Lidia, Osuna T.,Alejandro, Mora I.,Elsa, Ventura Z.,Enrique, Jimenez F.,Crescencio, Bazaldua M.,Antonio, Jimenez A. The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.3
The roots of Aristolochia elegans Mast.(Aristolochiaceae) are widely used in Mexican traditional medicine as a remedy for scorpion venom. Current experimental evidence supports its purported antidote properties. However, collection from the wilderness has lead to local extinction of natural populations. In order to contribute to species preservation, cultivation, and standardization of morphological and pharmacological properties, a micropropagation method was developed. This includes in-vitro germination of seeds to produce aseptic plantlets, induction of multiple budding, and acclimatization. The treatment with benzylamino purine(10 ${\mu}M$) induced the highest number of buds(3.1 on average) in both types of explants. On the other hand, indolebutyric acid(1.5 ${\mu}M$) caused the highest root index(11.8) per explant. One hundred percent of the micropropagated plantlets developed vigorously after the acclimatization process.
Estrada-Angulo, A.,Aguilar-Hernandez, A.,Osuna-Perez, M.,Nunez-Benitez, V.H.,Castro-Perez, B.I.,Silva-Hidalgo, G.,Contreras-Perez, G.,Barreras, A.,Plascencia, A.,Zinn, R.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.5
Twenty $Pelibuey{\times}Katahdin$ ewes ($35{\pm}2.3kg$) were used to determine the effects of the consumption of standardized plant extract containing a mixture of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine alkaloids (QBA+PA) on growth performance, dietary energetics, visceral mass, and ruminal epithelial health in heat-stressed ewes fed with a high-energy corn-based diet. The basal diet (13.9% crude protein and 2.09 Mcal of net energy [NE] of maintenance/kg of dry matter) contained 49.7% starch and 15.3% neutral detergent fiber. Source of QBA+PA was Sangrovit RS (SANG) which contains 3 g of quaternary benzophenathridine and protopine alkaloids per kg of product. Treatments consisted of a daily consumption of 0 or 0.5 g SANG/ewe. Ewes were grouped by weight and assigned to 10 pens (5 pens/treatment), with two ewes per pen. The experimental period lasted 70 days. The mean temperature humidity index during the course of this experiment was $81.7{\pm}1.0$ (severe heat stress). There were no treatment effects on water intake. Dry matter intake was not affected (p = 0.70) by treatments, but the group fed SANG had a numerically (11.2%) higher gain in comparison to the control group, SANG improved gain efficiency (8.3%, p = 0.04), dietary NE (5.2%, p<0.01) and the observed-to-expected NE (5.9%, p<0.01). Supplemental SANG did not affect ($p{\geq}0.12$) carcass characteristics, chemical composition of shoulder, and organ weights (g/kg empty body weight) of stomach complex, intestines, and heart/lung. Supplemental SANG decreased liver weight (10.3%, p = 0.02) and increased visceral fat (16.9%, p = 0.02). Rumen epithelium of ewes fed SANG had lower scores for cellular dropsical degeneration (2.08 vs 2.34, p = 0.02), parakeratosis (1.30 vs 1.82, p = 0.03) and neutrophil infiltration (2.08 vs 2.86, p = 0.05) than controls. It is concluded that SANG supplementation helped ameliorate the negative effects of severe heat on growth performance of feedlot ewes fed high-energy corn-based diets. Improvement in energetic efficiency may have been mediated, in part, by anti-inflammatory effects of supplemental SANG and corresponding enhancement of nutrient uptake.
In vitro Amoebicidal Activity of Borage (Borago officinalis) Extract on Entamoeba histolytica
Catalina Leos-Rivas,M. Julia Verde-Star,Lidia Osuna Torres,Azucena Oranday-Cardenas,Catalina Rivas-Morales,M. Porfiria Barron-Gonzalez,Mario R. Morales-Vallarta,Delia E. Cruz-Vega 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.7
Borage (Borago officinalis) is a plant with nutritional value that is also used in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disease. This study investigated the amoebicidal activity of a methanol extract of borage. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC_50) of the extract for Entamoeba histolytica was 33 μg/mL. The 50% lethal dose of the extract for brine shrimp was greater than 1,000 μg/mL. The IC_50 of the extract for Vero cells was 203.9 μg/mL. These results support the use of borage to prevent diseases associated with E. histolytica infection.
M. Carolina Pazos,Miguel A. Castro,Agustín Cota,Francisco J. Osuna,Esperanza Pavón,María D. Alba 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.52 No.-
The major components of the wastewater from the petroleum refineries are benzene, toluene and phenoland one of the techniques applied to the treatment of effluents is sorption using organo-functionalizedclay. The materials exploited in the present study are a family of surface-functionalized synthetic micasand their sorption capacities for non-ionic organic pollutants are analyzed. The organo-functionalizationof their surface provides them the capacity to sorb effectively non-ionic pollutants in the interface. Theiradsorption performance is a function of the alkylamonium properties such as the chain length, the massfraction and the organization of the organic cation in the interlayer space of the micas.
Confirmed resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides in Phalaris minor populations in Iran
Gherekhloo, Javid,Mohassel, Mohammad H. Rashed,Mahalati, Mehdi Nassiri,Zand, Eskandar,Ghanbari, Ali,Osuna, Maria D.,Prado, Rafael De The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2011 Weed Biology and Management Vol.11 No.1
Phalaris minor (littleseed canary grass) is a major weed in wheat fields in some parts of Iran. Diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, and clodinafop-propargyl are three acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides that are commonly used to control this grass in wheat fields. Thirty-four P. minor populations with suspected resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides were sampled from wheat fields in the provinces of Fars and Golestan in Iran. The dose.response assays that were conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions indicated that 14 populations were resistant to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, seven populations were resistant to both fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and diclofop-methyl, and three populations were resistant to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, diclofop-methyl, and clodinafop-propargyl. These populations showed different levels of resistance to the applied herbicides, compared to the susceptible population. These results suggest that different mechanisms of resistance could be involved. The enzyme assay revealed that the existence of modified ACCase in the three most-resistant populations (AR, MR4, and SR3) is responsible for the resistance of these populations.
Galá,n-Puchades, M. Teresa,Yang, Yichao,Marcilla, Antonio,Choe, Seongjun,Park, Hansol,Osuna, Antonio,Eom, Keeseon S. Springer-Verlag 2016 Parasitology research Vol.115 No.9
<P>Humans are definitive hosts of three species of the Taenia genus, namely Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica. The relative novelty of the latter explains the lack of knowledge concerning certain relevant aspects related to this parasite, such as its definite geographical distribution and whether its eggs can infect humans or not. So far, only the eggs of T. solium are known to be infective for humans, producing cysticercosis. Although eggs contain the infective stage, the oncosphere, there is a lack of research on the ultrastructure of eggs of human taeniids. We show, for the first time, the ultrastructure of eggs of T. asiatica by means of SEM and TEM analyses. We detected all the envelopes, namely the egg shell, vitelline layer, outer embryophoric membrane, embryophore, granular layer, basal membrane, oncospheral membrane and oncospheral tegument. Hooks surrounded by myofibrils and glycogen-like particles, the two types of secretory granules of the penetration glands, as well as several nuclei and mitochondria were also revealed in the oncospheres. In addition to the already known structures in eggs from other Taenia species, the presence of two types of small vesicles is described herein, possibly corresponding to exosomes and ectosomes because of their shape and size, which could participate in the host/parasite intercellular communication.</P>
( Salas Marina Miguel Angel ),( Miguel Angel Silva Flores ),( Mayte Guadalupe Cervantes Badillo ),( Maria Teresa Rosales Saavedra ),( Maria Auxiliadora Islas Osuna ),( Sergio Casas Flores ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.7
To deal with pathogens, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms including constitutive and induced defense mechanisms. Phytohormones play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in the systemic response induced by beneficial and pathogen microorganisms. In this work, we identified an Aspergillus ustus isolate that promotes growth and induces developmental changes in Solanum tuberosum and Arabidopsis thaliana. A. ustus inoculation on A. thaliana and S. tuberosum roots induced an increase in shoot and root growth, and lateral root and root hair numbers. Assays performed on Arabidopsis lines to measure reporter gene expression of auxin-induced/ repressed or cell cycle controlled genes (DR5 and CycB1, respectively) showed enhanced GUS activity, when compared with mock-inoculated seedlings. To determine the contribution of phytohormone signaling pathways in the effect elicited by A. ustus, we evaluated the response of a collection of hormone mutants of Arabidopsis defective in auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, or abscisic acid signaling to the inoculation with this fungus. All mutant lines inoculated with A. ustus showed increased biomass production, suggesting that these genes are not required to respond to this fungus. Moreover, we demonstrated that A. ustus synthesizes auxins and gibberellins in liquid cultures. In addition, A. ustus induced systemic resistance against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae DC3000, probably through the induction of the expression of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid/ethylene, and camalexin defense-related genes in Arabidopsis.