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Retrofit Solutions for Residential Buildings
Cali, Davide,Osterhage, Tanja,Muller, Dirk Sustainable Building Research Center 2011 International journal of sustainable building tech Vol.2 No.2
The complete refurbishment of nine buildings, each containing ten apartments of $72\;m^2$ is presented, and preliminary results are shown. The buildings have a different retrofit scenario in terms of insulation, heat production and delivery, domestic hot water production and air-handling systems. Following the energy saving ordinance for buildings in Germany of the year 2007 [1] each building has been evaluated. A monthly energy balance based on weather data from the German test reference year has been calculated for a one year period. The results show that depending on the refurbishment solution, the retrofit can reduce the energy demand up to 93%, and increases thermal comfort. Within the next three years, the buildings will be monitored in high time resolution. Physical models of the buildings and the components are under development using the modeling language Modelica, and will be validated through measured data. Once validated, the models will be used, for example, to elaborate regulation strategies for the plants and to create new virtual refurbishment versions in the direction of a zero-impact building.
Shin, Ho Sun,Hamdou, Bacel,Reith, Heiko,Osterhage, Hermann,Gooth, Johannes,Damm, Christine,Rellinghaus, Bernd,Pippel, Eckhard,Nielsch, Kornelius The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Nanoscale Vol.8 No.28
<P>We systematically investigated the role of topological surface states on thermoelectric transport by varying the surface-to-volume ratio (s/v) of Bi2Se3 nanowires. The thermoelectric coefficients of Bi2Se3 nanowires were significantly influenced by the topological surface states with increasing the s/v. The Seebeck coefficient of Bi2Se3 nanowires decreased with increasing the s/v, while the electrical conductivity increased with increasing the s/v. This implies that the influence of metallic surface states become dominant in thermoelectric transport in thin nanowires, and the s/v is a key parameter which determines the total thermoelectric properties. Our measurements were corroborated by using a two-channel Boltzmann transport model.</P>