한국의 새마을운동과 가나의 NRPRP의 비교 연구 : 농촌빈곤 감소와 지역사회개발에 대한 교훈

Okine Margaret Naa Ayeley,이정주(Jeong-Ju Lee) 한국비교정부학회 2021 한국비교정부학보 Vol.25 No.1

(Purpose) Korea and Ghana shared a similar level of development with GNP per capita of approximately $83in 1961. The Saemaul Undong, which began in the 1970s, contributed to poverty reduction, improved living conditions, high economic growth, and ultimately the transformation of Korea into a developed country, while Ghana remained a developing and aid-dependent or recipient country with high poverty levels especially in rural areas. This study aims to suggest directions for programs for sustainable poverty reduction and community development in the rural areas of Ghana based on a comparison of Korea’s Saemaul Undong and Ghana’s Northern Region Poverty Reduction Programme (NORPREP). (Design/methodology/approach) This study used a qualitative research method, conducting case studies of Saemaul Undong and NORPREP. It focused on three criteria: self-help approach, institutional coordination, and implementation approach for both programs, and takes policy suggestions into consideration to apply success factors of Saemaul Undong to NORPREP. (Findings) This study found that there are both commonalities and differences in project implementation between Saemaul Undong and NORPREP. Saemaul Undong achieved its targets on poverty reduction and rural community development, which contributed to the development of the country, and while NORPREP also achieved its targets, they had low impact, and the desire to develop the country was not achieved. (Research implication or originality) This study suggests policies for sustainable poverty reduction and community development in rural areas by applying the success factors of the Saemaul Undong to improve the NORPREP in Ghana.

The Use of Fungal Inoculants in the Ensiling of Potato Pulp: Effect of Temperature and Duration of Storage on Silage Fermentation Characteristics

Okine, A,Aibibula, Y.,Hanada, M.,Okamoto, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.2

A $3{\times}3$ factorial design experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature and duration of storage on the fermentation quality of potato pulp ensiled with two fungal inoculants under laboratory conditions. The inoculants, Rhizopus oryzae (R) and Amylomyces rouxii (A) were each added to potato pulp material to contain at least $1{\times}10^6$ CFU/g fresh matter, and silages without additives served as controls. The silages were stored under three temperature regimes; 4, 12 and $25^{\circ}C$. Three silos per treatment from every temperature regime were opened on days 7, 24 and 40 days after ensiling to investigate treatment effects on fermentation quality, starch and sugar concentrations. Increase in temperature and duration of storage had a positive significant effect (p<0.01) on the fermentation quality of potato pulp silage (PPS). The inoculants had little effect (p>0.05) on the fermentation quality of the silages. Sugar concentration in the silages decreased with increase in temperature (p<0.01) but increased (p<0.05) with progression of duration of storage. The fungal inoculants had no effect on starch degradation in PPS. The results suggest that storage temperature and duration of storage are more important in determining the rate of fermentation than addition of the fungal inoculants in PPS.

Potential Water Retention Capacity as a Factor in Silage Effluent Control: Experiments with High Moisture By-product Feedstuffs

Razak, Okine Abdul,Masaaki, Hanada,Yimamu, Aibibula,Meiji, Okamoto Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.4

The role of moisture absorptive capacity of pre-silage material and its relationship with silage effluent in high moisture by-product feedstuffs (HMBF) is assessed. The term water retention capacity which is sometimes used in explaining the rate of effluent control in ensilage may be inadequate, since it accounts exclusively for the capacity of an absorbent incorporated into a pre-silage material prior to ensiling, without consideration to how much the pre-silage material can release. A new terminology, 'potential water retention capacity' (PWRC), which attempts to address this shortcoming, is proposed. Data were pooled from a series of experiments conducted separately over a period of five years using laboratory silos with four categories of agro by-products (n = 27) with differing moisture contents (highest 96.9%, lowest 78.1% in fresh matter, respectively), and their silages (n = 81). These were from a vegetable source (Daikon, Raphanus sativus), a root tuber source (potato pulp), a fruit source (apple pomace) and a cereal source (brewer's grain), respectively. The pre-silage materials were adjusted with dry in-silo absorbents consisting wheat straw, wheat or rice bran, beet pulp and bean stalks. The pooled mean for the moisture contents of all pre-silage materials was 78.3% (${\pm}10.3$). Silage effluent decreased (p<0.01), with increase in PWRC of pre-silage material. The theoretical moisture content and PWRC of pre-silage material necessary to stem effluent flow completely in HMBF silage was 69.1% and 82.9 g/100 g in fresh matter, respectively. The high correlation (r = 0.76) between PWRC of ensiled material and silage effluent indicated that the latter is an important factor in silage-effluent relationship.

Effect of Replacing Rolled Corn with Potato Pulp Silage in Grass Silage-based Diets on Nitrogen Utilization by Steers

Aibibula, Y.,Okine, A.,Hanada, M.,Murata, S.,Okamoto, M.,Goto, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.8

Three Holstein steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were fed grass silage-based diets supplemented with potato pulp silage as a substitute for rolled corn at levels of 0%, 50% and 100% on a DM basis in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design to investigate the effect of potato pulp silage on nitrogen (N) utilization in ruminants. Organic matter (OM) intake, and rumen and total tract digestibilities did not differ among treatment diets. Rumen and post-rumen starch digestibilities were similar among treatments, although starch intake decreased (p<0.01) with potato pulp supplementation. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in ruminal N utilization and non-ammonia N supply to the duodenum of steers fed grass silage supplemented with potato pulp silage as a substitute for rolled corn. There were no treatment differences (p>0.05) in rumen pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration or the molar percentages of acetate and propionate. The ammonia-N concentration in rumen fluid tended to decrease (p<0.1) when rolled corn was substituted with potato pulp silage. Ether extract intake and post-ruminal digestibility significantly (p<0.01) decreased in steers fed diets containing potato pulp silage. Concentrations of total cholesterol and phospholipids in serum markedly decreased (p<0.01) with potato pulp silage supplementation without adversely affecting liver function. These data suggested that potato pulp silage has a similar value as rolled corn as an energy source for rumen microorganisms.

Effects of Homolactic Bacterial Inoculant Alone or Combined with an Anionic Surfactant on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and In situ Ruminal Degradability of Barley Silage

Baah, J.,Addah, W.,Okine, E.K.,McAllister, T.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.3

The effect of a homolactic inoculant containing a blend of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Enterococcus faecium or, the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), alone or in combination on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in situ DM, OM and NDF degradability of barley silage was investigated. Barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) was harvested (45% DM), chopped and treated with water at 24 ml/kg forage (Control), inoculant at $1.09{\times}10^5$ cfu/g forage (I), SDS at 0.125% (wt/wt) of forage (S) or with the inoculant ($1.09{\times}10^5$ cfu/g) plus SDS (0.125% wt/wt; I+S). The treated forages were ensiled in triplicate mini silos and opened for chemical and microbiological analyses on d 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 42 and 77. Silage samples from d 77 were opened and aerobically exposed for 7 d. The in situ rumen degradability characteristics of silage DM, OM and NDF were also determined. The terminal concentration of NDF in S and I+S was lower (p<0.001) than in other treatments. Lactate concentration was higher (p<0.001) and the rate and extent of pH decline were greater (p<0.001) in I and I+S than S and Control silages. A homolactic pathway of fermentation in I and I+S was evidenced by reduced (p<0.001) water-soluble carbohydrates concentration, higher lactate (p<0.01), lower acetate (p<0.01) and lower pH values (p<0.001) than in S and Control silages. All silages remained stable over 7 d of exposure to air as indicated by lower temperatures and moulds, and by non-detectable yeast populations. The treated silages had lower DM and OM degradability than in the Control but NDF degradation characteristics of I+S were improved compared to other treatments. It is concluded that the inoculant alone improved the fermentation characteristics whereas the combination of the inoculant with SDS improved both fermentation and NDF degradability of barley silage.

A hermaphrodite dog with bilateral ovotestes and pyometra

Okin Kim,Kyung-Suk Kim 대한수의학회 2006 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.7 No.1

지적장애 청소년의 저널쓰기에 나타난 비실체명사 및 인지동사 어휘망 연구

이옥인(Okin Lee) 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2018 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.8 No.4

이 연구에서는 지적장애 청소년의 추상적 실체성과 인지 동사의 표현정도를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 중, 고등학교 특수학교(급)에 재학 중인 지적장애 청소년 52명의 저널쓰기에 나타난 비실체명사 및 인지동사 어휘 유형 및 정도를 분석하였다. 비실체명사 어휘 분석은 김지은(2010)을 참고하였고, 인지동사 어휘 분석은 황순희(2010)을 참고하였다. 분석결과 지적장애 청소년의 비실체명사는 추상-사태-사건명사 표현이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 추상물-시간-시간명사 표현이 다음으로 많이 나타났다. 추상-추상관계 중 ‘정도’,‘수량’과 관련된 어휘는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 지적장애 청소년의 인지동사는 ‘알다’와 ‘생각하다’가 ‘판단․평가하다’보다 많이 표현된 것으로 나타났다. 이들의 인지동사는 지각동사에서 확장된 어휘인 ‘보다’가 가장 많이 나타났으며, 보다 추상적인 사유동사는 그보다 적게 나타났다. 인지동사 중 ‘믿다’와 관련된 어휘표현은 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 지적장애 청소년의 국어교육에 스스로 생각하고 판단할 수 있는 자기주도 사고를 활성화시키는 노력이 필요하며, 이러한 자기주도 사고가 추상적 실제 표현이나 사유동사 표현으로 나타날 수 있는 어휘 교육이 필요함을 시사한다. This study The present study examines the expression level of abstract substantial and cognitive verbs used by adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The study analyzed the lexical types and frequencies of non-substantial nouns and cognitive verbs present in the journal writings of 52 adolescents with intellectual disabilities attending special middle and high schools (classes). The lexical analysis of non- substantial nouns referred to the study of Kim, Ji-eun (2010), and the lexical analysis of cognitive verbs referred to that of Hwang, Soon-hee (2010).The analysis results show that the non-substantial nouns used by the adolescents with intellectual disabilities most frequently expressed abstraction-situation-event nouns, followed by abstract object-time-time nouns. Among the abstraction-abstraction relationships, there was a lack of words related to “degree” or “quantity.” Furthermore, the cognitive verbs used by the adolescents with intellectual disabilities more frequently expressed “thinking” and “knowing” rather than “Judge Evaluate.” “Seeing,” a word expanded from a cognitive verb, was the most frequently used cognitive verb, whereas more abstract thought verbs were less frequently used. Among the cognitive verbs, no lexical expressions related to “believing” were shown. Such results demonstrate that Korean language education for adolescents with intellectual disabilities needs to promote their self-directed thinking processes so that they can think and determine for themselves, in addition to vocabulary education through which such self-directed thinking can be manifested by abstract substantial expressions or thought verbs.

학습장애 학생의 글쓰기에 나타난 메타언어 분석

이옥인(Okin Lee) 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2018 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.8 No.9

이 연구에서는 학습장애 학생의 메타언어 어휘 정도를 파악하기 위해 이들의 비실체 명사 및 인지동사의 표현정도를 살펴보았다. 연구를 진행하기 위해 일반 초등학교에 재학 중인 학습장애 학생 98명의 쓰기에 나타난 비실체 명사 및 인지 동사 어휘 유형 및 정도를 분석하였다. 분석방법은 김지은(2010)의 비실체 명사 분석과 황순희(2010)의 인지 동사 어휘 분석을 활용하였다. 메타언어 분석 결과, 학습장애 학생의 비실체 명사는 추상물-시간 표현이 49개(33.1%)로 가장 많은것으로 나타났으며, 추상-사태-사건 표현이 44개(29.7%)로 다음으로 많이 나타났다. 추상물-시간 어휘표현의 예로 저, 고학년 모두 ‘시간’표현이 공통되게 나타났다. 추상-사태-사건 어휘 표현의 예로 저, 고학년 모두 ‘생각, 걱정, 운동’과 같은 어휘가 공통되게 나타났다. 추상-추상관계 표현의 경우 인과, 시간, 공간에 대한 어휘가 비슷하게 나타났다. 또한 학습장애 학생의 인지 동사는 ‘생각하다(124개, 34.5%)’, ‘알다(121개, 33.6%)’, ‘판단․평가하다(112개, 31.1%)’순으로 나타났다. 이들의 인지 동사는 지각동사에서 확장된 어휘인 ‘보다’가 가장 많이 나타났으며, 보다 추상적인 사유동사는 그보다 적게 나타났다. This study The present study examines the expression level of non-substantial nouns and cognitive verbs used by learning disabilities. The study analyzed the lexical types and frequencies of non-substantial nouns and cognitive verbs present in the journal writings of 98 with learning disabilities attending elementally schools. The lexical analysis of non- substantial nouns referred to the study of Kim, Ji-eun (2010), and the lexical analysis of cognitive verbs referred to that of Hwang, Soon-hee (2010). As an example of abstraction object-time nouns expression, the expression of time is common in both upper and lower grades. As an example of abstraction-situation-event nouns expression, both upper and lower-level words such as thought, anxiety, exercise appeared in common. As an example of abstraction-time nouns expression, the expression of time is common in both upper and lower grades. Abstraction-situation-event nouns As an example of expression, both upper and lower-level words such as thought, anxiety, exercise appeared in common. Abstraction-abstraction relationships nouns expressions have similar vocabulary to causal, time, and space. Furthermore, the cognitive verbs used by learning disabilities more frequently expressed ‘thinking (TS=124, 34.5%)’, ‘knowing (TS=121, 33.6%)’ and ‘Judge Evaluate (TS=112, 31.1%)’. ‘Seeing’ a word expanded from a cognitive verb, was the most frequently used cognitive verb, whereas more abstract thought verbs were less frequently used.

장애학생을 위한 초등학교 과학과 e-book의 보편적 학습설계 적용 분석

이옥인,Lee, Okin 국제문화기술진흥원 2020 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.6 No.4

이 연구에서는 장애학생을 위해 개발된 통합교육 과학과 자료 e-book이 보편적 학습설계 측면에서 적합하게 구현되었는지 살펴보았다. 분석을 위해 2015 개정 교육과정 초등학교 과학과 3~6학년까지 일반 교과서 내용을 학습하기 어려운 장애학생을 위해 교수 적합화(adaptation)한 국가 수준 자료인 「장애학생 통합교육 교수-학습 자료: 과학과」를 선정하였다. 과학과 3~6학년 영역은 기초과학탐구, 물질, 생명, 운동과 에너지, 지구와 우주로 총 40개 단원으로 구성되어 있다. 내용분석기준은 CAST(2018)에서 제시된 UDL 3개 원칙에 따른 9개 항목의 세부항목을 기준으로 하였다. 연구결과 통합교육 과학과 e-book은 UDL 원칙 중 전략적 네트워크가 가장 많았으며, 운동과 에너지 영역에서 가장 많이 나타났다. UDL 원칙별로 살펴보면, 인지적 네트워크는 학습자에 맞는 정보제시 구현, 전략적 네트워크는 자료탐색 방식 다양화 등(4.1~5.2/6.3), 정서적 네트워크는 난이도를 최적화한 다양한 자료제시가 가장 많이 나타났다. This study examined whether the integrated education science and resource e-book developed for students with disabilities were properly implemented in terms of universal design for learning. For analysis, "Teaching and learning materials for inclusive education of students with disabilities: grade 3~6 sciences", which were instructional adaptation, were selected for students with disabilities who are unable to learn the contents of general textbooks for the 3rd to 6th grade of the elementary school science course in the 2015 revised curriculum. The science grades are composed of 40 units, including basic science inquiry, matter, life, kinetic and energy, earth and universe. The content analysis standard was based on detailed items of 9 definitions according to the 3 principles of UDL presented in CAST (2018). As a result of the study, the strategy network was the largest among the UDL principles. As for the domain of the science curriculum, the kinetic and energy was the most common. As UDL detailed items, informations presentation suitable for learners was most frequent in cognitive network. Various ways of searching for data, was most frequent in strategies network. Diverse materials optimized difficulty of contents was most frequent in affective network.

예비특수교사들의 특수교육교육과정 문해력 향상을 위한 프로토콜 적용 가능성 탐색

이옥인,박은영,Lee, Okin,Park, Eun-Young 국제문화기술진흥원 2021 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.7 No.3

이 연구는 특수교육과정 문해력 향상을 위한 프로토콜을 개발하고 이를 적용하여 교육현장에서 프코토콜이 예비특수교사들의 특수교육교육과정 문해력 향상을 위해 적용될 수 있는지를 탐색하기 위해 실행되었다. 이를 위해 박윤경 등(2018)의 교육과정 문해력 프로토콜을 일부 수정하여 적용하였다. 특수교육교육과정 문해력 프로토콜은 프로토콜 1, 2로 적용되었으며, 프로토콜 1은 2015 특수교육교육과정 재구성과 문해력을 이해하는 것을 중심으로 진행되었다. 프로토콜 2는 해당 특수교육교육과정에 제시된 5개 교과를 중심으로 교과수준을 재구성하고, 통합적 주제 설정 및 재구성 계획을 세우는 내용으로 구성되었다. 프로토콜은 총 15주차 특수교육교육과정 교과목에 적용되었다. 수업 형태는 역진행수업을 통해 교육과정 전반에 대한 사전 동영상 강의가 제공되었으며, 학습자중심의 자기주도 활동지를 작성하는 형태로 진행되었다. 연구결과 예비특수교사들은 교육과정 재구성을 통해 장애학생의 학업성취와 만족감을 높일 수 있다고 인식하였으며, 교과별/간 재구성 경험이 문해력 향상에 도움이 되었지만 어렵게 느껴짐을 보고하였다. We performed to explore the applicability of protocol to improve the curriculum literacy for special education pre-teachers. For this, protocol of Park et al (2018), which can be used in the educational field, was partially modified and applied to enhance the special education curriculum expertise of pre-teachers. The literacy protocol of the special education curriculum was applied as Protocols 1 and 2, and Protocol 1 was focused on adaptation the 2015 special education curriculum and understanding literacy. Protocol 2 consisted of reorganizing the subject level centering on the five subjects presented in the special education curriculum, and establishing an integrated theme setting and reorganization plan. We applied the research design during a total of 15 weeks of special education curriculum subjects. The class format was flipped learning (e.g, pre-video lectures, theory lectures (E-Sheets), and learner-led activities (W-Sheets) for each topic was carried out. We found that pre-teachers' thought that the academic achievement and satisfaction of students with disabilities could be increased by adaptation the curriculum. Pre-teachers reported that the experience of reorganizing each subject/intersection helped improve their literacy but found it difficult.