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Is COVID-Somnia Fact or Fiction?
Okajima Isa 대한수면학회 2022 sleep medicine research Vol.13 No.3
Over 2 years have passed since the COVID-19 outbreak, and perceptions of coronavirus and lifestyles have changed. The purpose of this study was to review how sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, commonly known as ‘COVID-somnia,’ are interpreted. In a systematic review of cross-sectional studies, the prevalence rate of COVID-somnia has been reported to be 35.7% for people with insomniac symptoms. However, the prevalence of insomnia symptoms did not significantly increase in longitudinal studies. It has also been reported that 50% of individuals with COVID-somnia improved after 5 months. Thus, COVID-insomnia is probably a mixed concept, consisting of conventional chronic insomnia and temporary insomnia. It is possible that most cases are illusory and only a few people actually are going to suffer from an insomnia disorder. For the chronic insomnia, cognitive behavioral therapy is effective. Temporary insomnia is likely to decrease with accurate knowledge of the coronavirus and effective infection control strategies. In the future, it is necessary not only to examine the prevalence of insomniacs during COVID-19, but also to examine the proportion of insomniacs with high anxiety about infection and its impact on daily functioning.
Computer Application to ECG Signal Processing
Okajima, Mitsuharu The Korea Society of Medical and Biological Engine 1985 의공학회지 Vol.6 No.2
We have developed a microprogramir!able signal processor for real-time ultrasonic signal processing. Processing speed was increased by the parallelism in horizontal microprogram using 104bits microcode and the Pipelined architecture. Control unit of the signal processor was designed by microprogrammed architec- ture and writable control store (WCS) which was interfaced with host computer, APPLE- ll . This enables the processor to develop and simulate various digital signal processing algorithms. The performance of the processor was evaluated by the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) program. The execution time to perform 16 bit 1024 points complex FF7, radix-2 DIT algorithm, was about 175 msec with IMHz master Clock. We can use this processor to Bevelop more efficient signal processing algorithms on the biological signal processing.
ROLE OF LEUKOCYTES IN DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH SEPSIS
OKAJIMA, Kenji 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.3
Disseminstaed intravascular coagulation syndrome(DIC) is a potentially lethal disorder in which microthombi form systemically. In the pathogenesis of DIC, tissue injury and endothelial injury appeear to be two major mechanisms invovled. Tissue injury refers to the pathologic conditions such as obstetrical complications or multiple taruma. In such cases, release of tissue factor, a triggering substance for the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, induces intravascular coagulation. Endothelial injury is induced mainly by such cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β or by the inflammatory mediators such as granulocyte proteases or oxygen free radicals that are derived from activated leukocytes in the pathophysiology of sepsis. The activated leukocyte-induced endothelial injury may deeply related to the pathogenesis of DIC and adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) in sepsis. ARDS as well as DIC can influence the outcome of patients with sepsis. Antithrombin Ⅲ (AT Ⅲ) and activated protein C (APC) prevent the endotoxin-induced pulmonary vascular injury in animals independent on their anticoagulant properties, but dependent on their inhibitory activities on cytokine production by monocytes. Gabexate mesilate (GM), a synthetic inhibitor for the proteases generated within the coagulation cascade, also prevents the endotoxin-induced pulmonary vascular injury as well as the coagulation abnormalities mainly by inhibiting TNF-α production by monocytes, Although heparin prevents the endotoxin-induced coagulation abnormalities, it does not prevent the pulmonary vascular injury. These observations strongly suggest that AT Ⅲ, APC, and GM, but not heparin, may be useful in treating both the activated leukocyte-induced coagulation abnormalities and endothelial injury in patients with DIC associated with sepsis.
Okajima, T.,Kamijoh, T.,Yokota, H.,Ohshima, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.5
In order to investigate the relationship between daily herbage allowance (DHA) and daily herbage intake (DHI) on the points of leaf and stem masses, grazing experiments were carried out on the pasture of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). The experiments consisted of four 3-days' grazing periods which were from August 14 to 17, August 17 to 20, October 12 to 15 and October 15 to 18 in 1990. The value of DHA was 32.1 to 84.3, and the value of DHI was 9.9 to 27.0. The index of leafiness (leaf to stem ratio, LSR) was 0.74 to 3.06. The relationship between DHI and DHA was quadratic. Both relationship of daily leaf intake (DLI) to daily leaf allowance (DLA) and that of daily stem intake (DSI) to daily stem allowance (DSA) were likely to be asymptotic forms, although DHI did not show any significant relationships to DLA nor to DSA. The relationship between DLI and LSR was quadratic, and a negative relationship was found between DSI and LSR. From the relationship of DLI to LSR and that of DSI to LSR, the relationship of daily intake of leaf and stem (DLSI) to LSR was derived as quadratic and the LSR value at which the maximum DLSI was attained was estimated. The DHA, DHI, DLA, DLI, DSA, DSI and DLAI were expressed as the same unit of g/kg live body weight/day.
Analysis of Dynamic Quantizer in 2-DOF Internal Model Control System with Dead-time
Hiroshi Okajima,Tatsuya Umemoto,Nobutomo Matsunaga,Shigeyasu Kawaji 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
It is well known that plants with dead-time are difficult to be controlled by using traditional control method. For this, controller with dead-time have been proposed for the systems with dead-time, e.g. In ternal Model Control(IMC), Smith-method. However, it would be difficulttorealize the dead-time component of controller because of memory limit of micro control unit(MCU). The sampling time might be large in case of the application to the plant with large time delay. Hence, the trade-off between sampling time and maximum quantizing error exists. In this paper, the design method of dynamic quantizers are proposed for achieving small quantizing error for control systems in MCU. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by numerical example.