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Oh, H.,Jeong, K.H.,Han, H.Y.,Son, H.J.,Kim, S.S.,Lee, H.J.,Kim, S.,Sa, J.H.,Jun, H.S.,Ryu, J.H.,Choi, C.S. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 european journal of pharmacology Vol.768 No.-
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) has been targeted for new drugs to treat type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we determined whether the inhibition of 11βHSD1 with a new selective inhibitor, SKI2852, could improve lipid profiles, glucose levels, and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic and obese conditions. SKI2852 showed a potent inhibition of cortisone to cortisol conversion for over 80% in both liver and adipose tissue ex vivo from orally administered C57BL/6 mice, and in vivo analysis results were consistent with this. Repeated oral administrations of SKI2852 in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and ob/ob mice revealed a partially beneficial effect of SKI2852 in improving levels of cholesterols, triglycerides, free fatty acids, postprandial glucose, and/or blood hemoglobinA<SUB>1c</SUB>. SKI2852 significantly reduced body weight increase in ob/ob mice, and efficiently suppressed hepatic mRNA levels of gluconeogenic enzymes in DIO mice. Moreover, SKI2852 enhanced hepatic and whole body insulin sensitivities in hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experiment in DIO mice. In conclusion, these results indicate that selective and potent inhibition of 11βHSD1 by SKI2852, thus blockade of active glucocorticoid conversion, may improve many aspects of metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases, mainly by inhibitions of hepatic gluconeogenesis and partial improvements of lipid profiles. Our study strongly support that SKI2852 may have a great potential as a novel candidate drug for the treatment of diabetes and metabolic diseases.
Oh, H.,Park, J.,Min, K.,Lee, E.,Jyoung, J.Y. Applied Science Publishers 2015 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.149 No.-
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the up-and-coming power sources for automotive vehicles. To generate a stable performance during driving, the PEMFC needs to achieve an optimized water management under various humidity conditions. Being the path for the two-phase flow of fuel, air, and water, the gas diffusion layer (GDL) is a critical component, which influences water balance. In this study, a pore size gradient structure is introduced in the substrate of a GDL to control the local capillary pressure gradient, which is the driving force of the water flux inside the PEMFC. Through measurements of steady-state performance, transient response, voltage instability and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, it was found that the pore size gradient structure improves the cell performance regardless of the relative humidity conditions used (50% and 100%). Furthermore, it is possible to hold the water on the membrane for higher ion conductivity and drain it toward the channel to secure gas supply toward the catalyst layer. In addition, it was also confirmed that the structural change enhances the bending stiffness of the GDL.
Laser-induced electrical property patterning of Ag nanowire transparent electrode
Oh, H.,Lee, M. North-Holland 2016 Materials Letters Vol.176 No.-
We here introduce a laser-driven method to pattern Ag nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrode without material removal. Our approach is to block the current flow in selected areas by cutting nanowires, which is fundamentally based on the Rayleigh instability. AgNW film spin-coated onto a glass substrate was selectively irradiated using a nanosecond-pulsed ultraviolet laser beam. This made it possible to fabricate a patterned structure consisting of spatially separated conducting and insulating regions. The feasibility of this electrical property patterning was demonstrated with white light emitting diodes attached to the fabricated pattern.
Oh, H.,Park, J.,Han, S.H.,Mishra, N.K.,Lee, S.H.,Oh, Y.,Jeon, M.,Seong, G.J.,Chung, K.Y.,Kim, I.S. Pergamon Press 2017 Tetrahedron Vol.73 No.32
The rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H alkylations of indolines with enones and enals is described. This reaction can proceed through 1,4-conjugate addition and protonation process providing β-indolinic ketone compounds, which are known to be crucial scaffolds of biologically active compounds.
Prime number theorems and holonomies for hyperbolic rational maps
Oh, H.,Winter, D. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Inventiones mathematicae Vol.208 No.2
<P>For a hyperbolic rational map f of degree at least two on the Riemann sphere, we obtain estimates for the number of primitive periodic orbits of f ordered by their multiplier, and establish equidistribution of the associated holonomies, both with power saving error terms.</P>
Prediction of dominant intraseasonal modes in the East Asian-western North Pacific summer monsoon
Oh, H.,Ha, K. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Climate dynamics Vol.47 No.7
<P>Intraseasonal monsoon prediction is the most imperative task, but there remains an enduring challenge in climate science. The present study aims to provide a physical understanding of the sources for prediction of dominant intraseasonal modes in the East Asian-western North Pacific summer monsoon (EA-WNPSM): pre-Meiyu&Baiu, Changma&Meiyu, WNPSM, and monsoon gyre modes classified by the self-organizing map analysis. Here, we use stepwise regression to determine the predictors for the four modes in the EA-WNPSM. The selected predictors are based on the persistent and tendency signals of the sea surface temperature (SST)/2m air temperature and sea level pressure fields, which reflect the asymmetric response to the El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the ocean and land surface anomalous conditions. For the pre-Meiyu&Baiu mode, the SST cooling tendency over the western North Pacific (WNP), which persists into summer, is the distinguishing contributor that results in strong baroclinic instability. A major precursor for the Changma&Meiyu mode is related to the WNP subtropical high, induced by the persistent SST difference between the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific. The WNPSM mode is mostly affected by the Pacific-Japan pattern, and monsoon gyre mode is primarily associated with a persistent SST cooling over the tropical Indian Ocean by the preceding ENSO signal. This study carries important implications for prediction by establishing valuable precursors of the four modes including nonlinear characteristics.</P>
Oh, H.,Kim, J.,Son, H.,Youn, B. D.,Jung, B. C. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Structural and multidisciplinary optimization Vol.54 No.6
<P>In recent years, virtual testing has played an increasingly important role in the design and evaluation of engineered products. However, it is challenging to build the highly accurate computational models for virtual testing. Blind and recognized uncertainties are often unintentionally incorporated. These uncertainties consequently decrease the predictive capability of the models. To this end, this paper proposes a systematic approach for model refinement that minimizes the impact of unrecognized blind and recognized epistemic uncertainties in computational modeling. The approach consists of three steps: model invalidity analysis (MIA), development of an invalidity reasoning tree (IRT), and invalidity sensitivity analysis (ISA). First, in the MIA, possible causes that lead to discrepancies between the experimental and simulation responses are identified through brainstorming. Next, the IRT is built using the affinity diagram. It sequentially lists and screens potential candidate issues for model refinement at the stages of conceptual, mathematical, and computational modeling. Finally, the ISA quantifies the effect of incorporating updates in the model to address potential candidate issues with the goal of reducing the impact of the blind and recognized uncertainties. The most critical candidates are determined by using a weighted decision matrix. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a case study examining a smartphone liquid crystal display fracture is presented.</P>