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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Ohbayashi, Y. (검색결과 17 건)
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Insect’s intestinal organ for symbiont sorting
Ohbayashi, Tsubasa,Takeshita, Kazutaka,Kitagawa, Wataru,Nikoh, Naruo,Koga, Ryuichi,Meng, Xian-Ying,Tago, Kanako,Hori, Tomoyuki,Hayatsu, Masahito,Asano, Kozo,Kamagata, Yoichi,Lee, Bok Luel,Fukatsu, Tak National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.37
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>In general, animals have a mouth for feeding, an anus for defecation, and a gut connecting them for digestion and absorption. However, we discovered that the stinkbug’s gut is functionally disconnected in the middle by a previously unrecognized organ for symbiont sorting, which blocks food fluid and nonsymbiotic bacteria but selectively allows passing of a specific bacterial symbiont. Though very tiny and inconspicuous, the organ governs the configuration and specificity of stinkbug gut symbiosis, wherein the posterior gut region is devoid of food flow, populated by a specific bacterial symbiont, and transformed into an isolated organ for symbiosis. Mutant analyses showed that the symbiont’s flagellar motility is needed for passing the host organ, highlighting intricate host–symbiont interactions underpinning the symbiont sorting process.</P><P>Symbiosis has significantly contributed to organismal adaptation and diversification. For establishment and maintenance of such host–symbiont associations, host organisms must have evolved mechanisms for selective incorporation, accommodation, and maintenance of their specific microbial partners. Here we report the discovery of a previously unrecognized type of animal organ for symbiont sorting. In the bean bug <I>Riptortus pedestris</I>, the posterior midgut is morphologically differentiated for harboring specific symbiotic bacteria of a beneficial nature. The sorting organ lies in the middle of the intestine as a constricted region, which partitions the midgut into an anterior nonsymbiotic region and a posterior symbiotic region. Oral administration of GFP-labeled <I>Burkholderia</I> symbionts to nymphal stinkbugs showed that the symbionts pass through the constricted region and colonize the posterior midgut. However, administration of food colorings revealed that food fluid enters neither the constricted region nor the posterior midgut, indicating selective symbiont passage at the constricted region and functional isolation of the posterior midgut for symbiosis. Coadministration of the GFP-labeled symbiont and red fluorescent protein-labeled <I>Escherichia coli</I> unveiled selective passage of the symbiont and blockage of <I>E. coli</I> at the constricted region, demonstrating the organ’s ability to discriminate the specific bacterial symbiont from nonsymbiotic bacteria. Transposon mutagenesis and screening revealed that symbiont mutants in flagella-related genes fail to pass through the constricted region, highlighting that both host’s control and symbiont’s motility are involved in the sorting process. The blocking of food flow at the constricted region is conserved among diverse stinkbug groups, suggesting the evolutionary origin of the intestinal organ in their common ancestor.</P>
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Distinction of Landslide by Monitoring Acceleration to Autonomous Node In Wireless Sensing Network
Yasutaka Nakajima,Riki Ohbayashi,Shigeru Takayama 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
For monitoring natural landslide disaster, wireless sensing node network is so effective system. The sensingnode is constructed by some sensors (acceleration, soil moisture, GPS and so on), data processing unit (micro processor)and wireless communication unit. The network topology we have constructed is mesh type. In the system, at sensinglandslide, the node will transport the information to host system through the node network by using wirelesscommunication. Generally, in natural field, the landslide is sensed as the changing of acceleration. But, it is sodifficult to distinguish the landslide obviously. The acceleration of the sensing node will change by not only thelandslide disaster but also collision with several hard blocks like stones. This paper describes the distinction method oflandslide disaster by using only the signal of acceleration sensor mounted in the sensing node. The method focuses thetime transition of frequency distribution of the acceleration signal. Observing the time transition, the situations ofsensing node have been distinguished.
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