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정신장애인 치료에 중요 역할 담당자의 정신질환에 대한 태도조사
김병후,정선욱,강연화,김윤,김창엽,홍진표,한오수,조맹제,김용익 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.5
Objectives : Attitudes of families of mentally ill, health personnels and community leaders to the mentally ill after the development and utilization of the community mental health program and reintegration of the chronically ill patients into society. This study was designed to compare the attitudes toward the mentally ill patient of the persons who have important role in treating the mentally ill and to find the variables influencing the attitudes. Methods : We measured attitudes toward mental illness in psychotic patients' families(N=139), community leaders(N=180) and health personnels(N=324) including mental health personnels before the implementation of community mental health services in Yonchon county and Seodaemun district area. The instrument used to measure attitudes was Opinion about Mental Illness(O. M. I.) scale. Results : 1) Health personnel showed lower Authoritarianism(Factor A) and higher Benevolence(Factor B) scores on the average than community leaders and psychotic patients families. 2) Current residence affect the attitudes in psychotic patients' families, not in community leaders and health personnels. Families in urban area showed lower Authoritarianism(Factor A) and Social Restrictiveness(Factor D) and higher Benevolence(Factor B) scores than in the rural areas. 3) Many patient variables were correlated to the attitudes of families. Duration of illness, number of recurrence, number of admission, age of patient and family burden were positively correlated mainly to Social Restrictiveness(Factor D). 4) Sex and religion of respondents showed no or weak relationship with the factor scores. Conclusions : Education for community leaders and families is required to achieve successful community mental health services. Community support program should be developed for chronic, recurrent and burdensome psychiatric patients in the first place.
Oh, Sehyun,Oh, Hyun Woo,Lee, Ha‐,Reum,Yoon, Sun Young,Oh, Sei‐,Ryang,Ko, Young‐,Eun,Yoo, Nina,Jeong, Jinseon,Kim, Jae Wha John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2016 Journal of the science of food and agriculture Vol.96 No.8
<P>BACKGROUND: Euphorbia kansui, a traditional medical herb, has been shown to have anti-tumour and anti-viral activities. Previously, we have reported that E. kansui increases interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in natural killer (NK) cells. However, it is not clear how E. kansui regulates IFN-gamma secretion by NK cells. RESULTS: In this study, E. kansui was separated into six individual compounds from the same chloroform fraction so that the activity of each compound could be compared. E. kansui compounds induced IFN-gamma secretion through the phosphorylation of protein kinase D and I kappa B kinase pathways. Furthermore, E. kansui compounds activated the translocation of p65, a sub-unit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappa B), to the nucleus and induced NF-kappa B at the transcriptional level. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that E. kansui enhances IFN-gamma secretion through the NF-kappa B pathway in NK cells. (c) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
Yoon, Ung-Chan,Kim, Moon-Jung,Moon, Jae-Joon,Oh, Sun-Wha,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Mariano, Patrick S. Korean Chemical Society 2002 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.23 No.9
Photochemical reactions of aromatic carbonyl compounds with silyl ketene acetals have been explored. Irradiation of acetonitrile or benzene solutions containing aryl aldehydes or ketones in the presence of silyl ketene acetals is observed to promo te formation of ${\beta}-hydroxyester$, 2,2-dioxyoxetane and 3,3-dioxyoxetane products. The ratios of these photoproducts, which arise by competitive single electron transfer (SET) and classical Paterno-Buchi mechanistic pathways, is found to be dependent on the degree of methyl-substitution on the vinyl moieties of the ketene acetals in a manner which reflects expected alkyl substituent effects on the oxidation potentials of these electron rich donors. An analysis of the product distribution arising by irradiation of a solution containing butyrophenone (6) and the silyl ketene acetal 9, derived from methyl isobutyrate, provides an estimate of the rate constants for the competitive Norrish type Ⅱ, SET and Paterno-Buchi processes occuring. Finally, sequences involving silyl ketene acetal-aryl aldehyde or ketone photoaddition followed by 2,2-dioxyoxetane hydrolysis represent useful procedures for Claisen-condensation type, ${\beta}-hydroxyester$ synthesis.
Yoon, Ung-Chan,Oh, Sun-Wha,Moon, Seong-Chul,Hyung, Tae-Gyung Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.1
Studies have been conducted to explore photoaddition reactions of N-methylthiophthalimide with $\alpha$-silyl-n-electron donors Et$_2$NCH$_2$SiMe$_3$, n-PrSCH$_2$SiMe$_3$ and EtOCH$_2$SiMe$_3$. Photoaddition of $\alpha$-silyl amine Et$_2$NCH$_2$SiMe$_3$ to N-methylthiophthalimide occurs in $CH_3$CN and benzene to produce non-silicon containing adduct in which thiophthalimide thione carbon is bonded to $\alpha$-carbon of $\alpha$-silyl amine in place of the trimethylsilyl group. In contrast, photoaddition of EtOCH$_2$SiMe$_3$ to N-methylthiophthalimide generates two diastereomeric adducts in which thiophthalimide thione carbon is connected to $\alpha$-carbon of $\alpha$-silyl ether in place of u-hydrogen. Based on a consideration of the oxidation potentials of u-silyl-n-electron donors and the nature of photoadducts, mechanism for these photoadditions involving single electron transfer(SET) -desilylation and H atom abstraction pathways are proposed.