김수영과 월트 휘트먼 비교연구

오영진 ( Oh Young-jin ) 국제어문학회 ( 구 국제어문학연구회 ) 2013 국제어문 Vol.58 No.-

본 연구는 지금까지 가설로만 제기되었던 김수영 문학과 월트 휘트먼 문학의 관계를 밝혀내는 것을 목표로 한다. 몇 가지 신빙성 있는 단서들에도 불구하고 아직까지 이 주제에 대해 구체적인 접근시도가 없었던 이유는 양 시인의 작품 세계가 선명히 다르기 때문이다. 휘트먼은 풍요로운 미국의 자연풍경을 찬미하고, 시민들을 향해 사랑과 자유를 노래한 외향적인 시인인 반면, 김수영은 설움과 고독을 주된 정조로 주로 자신의 일상을 정직하게 반성하는 시를 주로 쓴 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 김수영이 초기부터 일관되게 주장하며 실천해온 `자유`나 `육체성`에 대한 강조, 보편세계를 지향하는 `사랑`이라는 주제의식에서는 휘트먼의 영향이 분명히 감지된다. 증언에 의하면 김수영은 그가 읽은 독서목록의 작가들을 최대한 자신의 방식으로 소화하려고 노력한 작가이다. 때문에 김수영은 휘트먼적 주제를 자신의 시대와 상황에 맞게 변용하여 소화했다고 볼 수가 있다. 본고는 김수영 문학에 휘트먼 문학을 겹쳐 읽어봄으로써 김수영 문학에 휘트먼이 끼친 영향과 그 변용양상을 살펴본다. 이를 위해 본고는 통상 휘트먼 문학의 특징이라고 정리된 몇 가지 주제를 통해 김수영 문학을 읽어본다. 첫째, 1인칭 화자강조-성인페르소나의 설정문제와 육체성의 강조문제를 통해 김수영 문학에 끼쳤을 월트 휘트먼의 영향력을 추리해보았다. 물론 각각의 쟁점들은 `너무 헐렁한 양복`이어서 누구나 맞춰 입을 수 있다는 단점을 보였다고 본다. 하지만 1인칭 화자강조-성인페르소나와 육체성의 강조문제는 월트 휘트먼 고유의 개성으로 이 두 요소가 김수영 문학에 동시에 나타나고 있다는 것이 주목할 만하다. 둘째, 분명한 차이점과 유사점을 발견하는 작업을 시도하였다. 주로 자연찬미나 이웃에 대한 사랑을 능동적으로 표현하는 월트 휘트먼에 비해 김수영은 고독이나 설움 같은 현대적인 주제에 열중한 면이 있었다. 반면, `사랑`이라는 주제가 수평적인 이미 저리로 펼쳐지는 양상에서는 양자 간 유사성이 드러났다고 할 수 있다. 카탈로그 식 열거는 월트 휘트먼 고유의 양식이라 할 수 있는데, 이는 단순히 리듬이나 수사적 효과를 위해 도입된 것이 아닌 `사랑`이라는 내용이 형식적으로 구현된 것으로 평가된다. 김수영의 경우도 「사랑의 변주곡」이나 「풀의 영상」, 「거대한 뿌리」 등의 비교적 후기의 걸작들이 이와 비슷한 수법과 주제의식을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구는 양자 간 관계를 실증적으로 추적하지 못했다. 그러나 위와 같은 결론을 통해 김수영이 월트 휘트먼적이라고 평가하는 데에는 모자람이 없다고 주장한다. This paper aims to find out the relationship between Kim Su-young and Walt Whitman on literature, which has been strongly hypothesized. Despite of some reliable clues, there have been no specific attempts to make this clear because their works seem to be different distinctly each other. As Whitman was an extroverted poet who glorified rich scenery of nature in America and sang love and freedom, Kim Su-young wrote poems which reflected everyday honestly, filled with sorrow and solitude. Kim Su-young, however, had constantly empathized and practiced `freedom` and `corporeity` from earlier works and an inquiry into the universality of `love`, which exactly showed an influence of Whitman to him. Some evidences show that Kim Su-young sought to absorb the authors he read. And Whitman was also possibly absorbed into Kim Su-young`s works, modified with the times and conditions in his unique way. This paper plans to examine influence of Whitman and modified aspect to Kim Su-young`s works as read works of Kim Su-young and Walt Whitman together. For that, this paper reads Kim Su-young through Whitman`s thought. Firstly, I payed attention to emphasis on establishment of the first person narrative-that is a saint persona and on corporeity. Each point seems like "loose clothing" so it looks like every answers possible though, it is worth underlying both first person narrative(a saint persona) and corporeity which were the unique aspect of Whitman present in Kim Su-young`s work at the same time. Secondly, I attempt to reveal apparent similarity and distinction. Comparing with Walt Whitman`s work which mainly expressed admiration to the nature and love-thy-neighbour actively, Kim Su-young`s works focused on the modern problems like solitude and sorrow. However, the way of expressing `love`, which is the main theme and is presented horizontal imagery, is apparently similar to each other. Catalog technic is a unique style of Whitman, and it is not simply for a rhythm or rhetorical effect but for an embodiment of `love`. In case of Kim Su-young`s late works, `Sarang-eh Byen-ju-gok`(Love Variation), `Pul-eh Young-sang` (Image of Grass), `Geo-dae-han Puri`(Great root), also show an identical technic and theme. This paper has limitations to look deeper the influential relationship between Kim Su-young and Walt Whitman empirically. But the influential relationship from Whitman to Kim Su-young would come up in the conclusion.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

포도당과 이소프로테레놀에 의한 시상하부의 소마토스타틴 분비가 갑상선자극호르몬방출호르몬에 의한 갑상선자극호르몬에 미치는 효과

박철영,양인명,오승준,김덕윤,우정택,김성운,김진우,김영설,최영길 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

노인에서 내피의존성 혈관반응에 대한 비타민 C의 효과에 대한 연구

온영근,김용석,오도연,최진호,황의석,김철호 대한노인병학회 2001 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.5 No.1

1~2기 본태성 고혈압 환자들에서 Imidapril 대 Enalapril의 항고혈압 효과를 평가하기 위한 무작위, 이중맹검 임상시험

최영진,손대원,김용진,이홍자,채인호,김효수,김철호,오병희,이명묵,박영배,채윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.11

Borrmann 4형으로 진단된 진행성 위암환자의 임상적 검토

천영국,김영태,홍수진,김진오,조주영,이문성,심찬섭 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Background/Aim: It is difficult to dignosis of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer at the early stage, because of its special morphology. Most of the cases have been detected at the advanced stage with poor survival rate. We reviewed patients with advanced gastric cancer, to define clinicopathologic characteristics of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer comparing other types of gastric cancer. Methods: 1033 patients with advanced gastric cancer were divided into two groups, consisting of 50 patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer, and the remaining 983 patients with all other types of gastric cancer, which were then compared clinicopatologically. Results: The proportion of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer to advanced gastric cancer was 4.48%(50/1,033). The patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer to advanced gastric cancer was 4.48%(50/1,033). The patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer were composed 20 males and 30 males and revealed the highest frequency 3rd decade (24.0%) in age (range 26-78). In giant folds group (n=27), the number of poorly differentiated cell type, lymph node metastasis, peritoneal seeding were 20 (74.1%), 17 (63,0%), 12 (44.4%). In non-giant folds group (n=23), the number of poorly differentiated type, lymph node metastasis, peritoneal seeding were 17 (73.9%), 15 (65.2%), 6 (26.1%). Rate of tumor invasion in serosa and beyound serosa was 88.9% in giant fold group, 63.0% in non-giant fold group. Surgery was performed in only 32% as a modality of treatment (vs. 82.5%). Characteristics findings of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer in EUS showed a thickening of the third (submucosa) and fourth (muscularis propria) layers in 72% of 50 patients, and a well preserved five-layered gastric wall structure in 33 patients. Conclusions: We concluded that Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer was diagnosed more in females, as a more advanced disease, early detection was needed. And endoscopic ultrasonography is useful for diagnosis of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer in the cases of suspicious results of gastroscopy.

산업집중도와 기업설명회 개최 간의 관련성 연구

권오진(Kwon Oh-jin),여영준(Yeo Young-jun) 한국국제회계학회 2017 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.71

본 연구는 산업집중도와 기업의 대표적인 자발적 공시 수단인 기업설명회 개최 간의 관계를 살펴봄으로써, 산업집중도에 따라 전유정보 공시비용이 달라지며 이로 인하여 경영자의 자발적인 공시정책에 차이가 존재하는 지를 실증적으로 검증해보고자 한다. 공시는 기업과 투자자 간의 정보비대칭을 낮춤으로써, 기업의 자본비용 감소 및 가치증가와 같은 경제적인 효익이 존재함에도 불구하고 현실적으로는 완전한 공시가 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 선행연구들은 전유정보 공시비용의 존재가 기업의 완전공시를 저해하며, 이로 인해 경영자들은 공시로 인한 효익과 비용을 고려하여 기업가치를 극대화하는 방향으로 공시를 수행하게 된다는 것을 주장하였다(Verrecchia 1983). 또한 산업의 집중도에 따라 전유정보공시비용이 차이가 존재함을 보고하였다(Harris 1998; Botosan and Standford 2005; Verrecchia and Weber 2006; Li 2010; Ali et al. 2014). 이에 따라 본 연구는 우리나라 기업들을 대상으로 자발적 공시의 대표적인 수단인 기업설명회를 사용하여, 산업집중도와 자발적 공시 간의 관계를 분석해보고자 한다. 산업집중도와 기업설명회 개최 간에는 양방향의 예측이 가능하다. 먼저, 집중도가 낮은 산업에 속한 기업이 사적정보를 공시할 경우, 산업 내 다른 경쟁기업들이 이러한 정보를 이용하여 공격적으로 대응할 수 있어, 공시기업은 경쟁지위를 위협받을 더 높은 가능성에 직면된다. 특히, 기업설명회는 기업에 대한 포괄적인 정보를 제공하므로, 이러한 정보가 시장에 제공된다면 경쟁기업들은 좀 더 전략적으로 대응할 수 있게 될 것이다. 이에 따라 산업집중도가 낮을수록 경영자의 자발적 공시는 감소될 수 있다. 다른 한편으로, 산업집중도가 높을수록 기업들은 일반적으로 높은 수익성을 가지게 되는데, 경영자들은 이러한 높은 수익성을 감추기 위해 자발적으로 정보를 제공하는 것을 기피할 수 있다. 실증분석 결과 산업집중도와 기업설명회 개최 여부 및 개최 횟수 간에는 양(+)의 관련성을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 이는 집중도가 낮은 산업에 속한 기업일수록 전유정보 공시비용이 증가하므로, 경영자가 공시의 효익 보다 비용이 더 클 것으로 판단하여 공시를 기피한다는 것으로 해석할수 있다. This paper examines the relation between industry concentration and Investor Relations(hereafter, IR) activities. Prior literatures report that corporate disclosure reduces firms’ cost of capital(Barry and Brown 1984, 1985; Botosan 1997; Sengupta 1998; Botosan and Plumlee 2002) and increases stock liquidity(Diamond and Verrecchia 1991; Healy et al. 1999; Leuz and Verrecchia 2000) by decreasing the information asymmetry between manager and outside investors. Despite these benefits of corporate disclosure, managers do not release the full information of firms. According to prior studies, the existence of proprietary cost gives an incentive to the manager exercising discretion in disclosing information(Verrecchia 1983; Healy and Palepu 2001; Beyer 2010). Proprietary cost is the cost related to disclosing information which is potentially damaging to a firm. Prior studies also report that proprietary cost varies according to industry concentration. For this reason, this study expect that managers will provide the information of firms to the public when they think that the benefits of disclosure are greater than the costs of disclosure to maximize their firm value. We expect that industry concentration is positively associated with IR activities. Because competitors are likely to take more strategic behaviors in response to its disclosure when a firm in a less concentrated industry provides its information to the public. As a result, competitors’ strategic behaviors have a harmful impact on a firm’s competitive position(Verrecchia 1983; Wagenhofer 1990; Clinch and Verrecchia 1997; Verrecchia and Weber 2006; Dedman and Lennox 2009). In contrast, a firm in a more concentrated industry may see no costs related to making public disclosure. In particular, IR disclosure provides more comprehensive informations of companies, and capital market participants are available to obtain IR information easily, because managers are required to report the time, place and contents of IR activities to Korea Investor’s Network for Disclosure System(hereafter, KIND) prior to the firm holding IR. On the other hand, the firm in more concentrated industries are less likely to provide IR disclosure. In general, highly concentrated industries are characterized by consisting of only a small number of companies, wherein these companies will have a high profitability. If a firm in more concentrated industry releases information about highly abnormal profits, it could attract more entrants into the industry to compete for market share. For this reason, a firm in more concentrated industry provides less IR disclosure to protect their abnormal profits and large market share(Harris 1998; Botosan and Stanford 2005; Kim 2012). Taken together, the association between industry concentration and IR activities is capable of bidirectional prediction. To perform our hypothesis, we collect financial data from TS-2000 and ex stock and analyst data from Fn-Guide. In addition, IR data are collected by hand from KIND. As a result, we use 7,017 firmyear observations listed on KOSPI from 2002 to 2014 period. To measure the level of industry concentration which is independent variable, this paper uses Hirschman-Herfindahl Index(hereafter, HHI) and three-firm concentration ratio(hereafter, CR3) which are the most commonly used proxies for the degree of industry concentration. The level of IR activities which is dependent variable is measured as the frequency of IR activities, and whether or not a firm is engaged in IR activities. The empirical findings of this study are as follows. We find that industry concentration is positively associated with IR activities. In other words a manager whose firm operates in a less concentrated industry is less likely to provide information about companies to the public, because the proprietary cost is higher than the benefit of disclosure when industry concentration is relatively low.

Associations between prospective symptom changes and slow-wave activity in patients with Internet gaming disorder : A resting-state EEG study

Kim, Yeon Jin,Lee, Jun-Young,Oh, Sohee,Park, Minkyung,Jung, Hee Yeon,Sohn, Bo Kyung,Choi, Sam-Wook,Kim, Dai Jin,Choi, Jung-Seok Wolters Kluwer Health 2017 Medicine Vol.96 No.8

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The identification of the predictive factors and biological markers associated with treatment-related changes in the symptoms of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) may provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying this condition. Thus, the present study aimed to identify neurophysiological markers associated with symptom changes in IGD patients and to identify factors that may predict symptom improvements following outpatient treatment with pharmacotherapy. The present study included 20 IGD patients (mean age: 22.71 ± 5.47 years) and 29 healthy control subjects (mean age: 23.97 ± 4.36 years); all IGD patients completed a 6-month outpatient management program that included pharmacotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Resting-state electroencephalography scans were acquired prior to and after treatment, and the primary treatment outcome was changes in scores on Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) from pre- to posttreatment. IGD patients showed increased resting-state electroencephalography activity in the delta and theta bands at baseline, but the increased delta band activity was normalized after 6 months of treatment and was significantly correlated with improvements in IGD symptoms. Additionally, higher absolute theta activity at baseline predicted a greater possibility of improvement in addiction symptoms following treatment, even after adjusting for the effects of depressive or anxiety symptoms. The present findings demonstrated that increased slow-wave activity represented a state neurophysiological marker in IGD patients and suggested that increased theta activity at baseline may be a favorable prognostic marker for this population.</P>

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1994)

김재홍,안진균,정성재,김영태,김중환,김시영,이석종,이홍렬,서호석,김경훈,권혁진,정우권,고우석,이용석,안필수,오준규,오용섭 대한화학요법학회 1996 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Background : In recent years gonorrhoea has been panendemic and remains one of the most common Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Method : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae(PPNG), Ive have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1994, 168 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 109 (64,9% ) were PPNG. Conclustion : Our results suggests that the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is still increasing.

백서의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin-C-Polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

송규상,강대영,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

To evaluate the in-vivo effects of mitomycin-C-polyglycolic acid composite(MMC-PGA) the disk: shaped composite were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The pathologic changes were examined at various time points up to 12 weeks. Initially the soft tissue around the inserted disks showed capillary congestion at 3 days. Inflammatory infiltrates with foreign body giant cells appeared from the 2nd week and reached peak response at 6-8 weeks. These reaction diminished prominently at 12 weeks. No specific pathologic change was found in the liver, the kidneys, and the heart. The above results suggest that the MMC-PGA composite can serve as a new device for intraperitoneal chemotherapy of various types of cancers.