Identification and metabolite profiling of alkaloids in aerial parts of <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry

Oh, Jae&#x2010,Hyeon,Ha, In Jin,Lee, Min Young,Kim, Eun&#x2010,Ok,Park, Dain,Lee, Jun&#x2010,Hee,Lee, Seok&#x2010,Geun,Kim, Do&#x2010,Wan,Lee, Tae&#x2010,Ho,Lee, Eui&#x2010,Ju,Kim, Chang‐,Kug John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018 Journal of Separation Science Vol.41 No.12

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><I>Papaver</I> plants can produce diverse bioactive alkaloids. <I>Papaver rhoeas</I> Linnaeus (common poppy or corn poppy) is an annual flowering medicinal plant used for treating cough, sleep disorder, and as a sedative, pain reliever, and food. It contains various powerful alkaloids like rhoeadine, benzylisoquinoline, and proaporphine. To investigate and identify alkaloids in the aerial parts of <I>P. rhoeas</I>, samples were collected at different growth stages and analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. A liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method was developed for the identification and metabolite profiling of alkaloids for <I>P. rhoeas</I> by comparing with <I>Papaver somniferum</I>. Eighteen alkaloids involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis were used to optimize the liquid chromatography gradient and mass spectrometry conditions. Fifty‐five alkaloids, including protoberberine, benzylisoquinoline, aporphine, benzophenanthridine, and rhoeadine‐type alkaloids, were identified authentically or tentatively by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry in samples taken during various growth stages. Rhoeadine alkaloids were observed only in <I>P. rhoeas</I> samples, and codeine and morphine were tentatively identified in <I>P. somniferum</I>. The liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry method can be a powerful tool for the identification of diverse metabolites in the genus <I>Papaver</I>. These results may help understand the biosynthesis of alkaloids in <I>P. rhoeas</I> and evaluate the quality of this plant for possible medicinal applications.</P>

Recycling and LFA‐1‐dependent trafficking of ICAM‐1 to the immunological synapse

Jo, Jae&#x2010,Hyeok,Kwon, Min&#x2010,Sung,Choi, Hyang&#x2010,Ok,Oh, Hyun&#x2010,Mee,Kim, Hyang&#x2010,Jin,Jun, Chang‐,Duk Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Journal of cellular biochemistry Vol.111 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Little is known about how adhesion molecules on APCs accumulate at immunological synapses. We show here that ICAM‐1 on APCs is continuously internalized and rapidly recycled back to the interface after antigen‐priming T‐cell contact. The internalization rate is high in APCs, including Raji B cells and dendritic cells, but low in endothelial cells. Internalization is significantly reduced by inhibitors of Na<SUP>+</SUP>/H<SUP>+</SUP> exchangers (NHEs), suggesting that members of the NHE‐family regulate this process. Once internalized, ICAM‐1 is co‐localized with MHC class II in the polarized recycling compartment. Surprisingly, not only ICAM‐1, but also MHC class II, is targeted to the immunological synapse through LFA‐1‐dependent adhesion. Cytosolic ICAM‐1 is highly mobile and forms a tubular structure. Inhibitors of microtubule or actin polymerization can reduce ICAM‐1 mobility, and thereby block accumulation at immunological synapses. Membrane ICAM‐1 also moves to the T‐cell contact zone, presumably through an active, cytoskeleton‐dependent mechanism. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ICAM‐1 can be transported to the immunological synapse through the recycling compartment. Furthermore, the high‐affinity state of LFA‐1 on T cells is critical to induce targeted movements of both ICAM‐1 and MHC class II to the immunological synapse on APCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1125–1137, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</P>

Radiosynthesis and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of 1‐(tetrahydro‐5‐hydroxy‐6‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2H‐pyran‐3‐yl)‐5‐[¹²⁵I]iodouracil: A new potential agent for HSV1‐tk

Jo, Nam Hyun,Kim, Jung Young,El&#x2010,Gamal, Mohammed I.,Choi, Won&#x2010,Kyoung,Park, Jin&#x2010,Hun,Kim, Eun Jung,Cho, Jung&#x2010,Hyuck,Ha, Hyun&#x2010,Joon,Choi, Tae Hyun,Oh, Chang‐,Hyun John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2011 Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceutica Vol.54 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Synthesis, radiolabelling, and <I>in vitro</I> evaluation of a new <SUP>125</SUP>I‐labelled iodouracil hexitol nucleoside analogue are reported. The target compound was successfully synthesized by an iodination–destannylation method and then purified by reverse phase HPLC. The radiochemical purity of the product was >99% with decay‐corrected yields of 48±3%. <I>In vitro</I> cellular uptake testing was carried out using MCA and MCA‐tk cell lines for comparison of compound 1 with [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FHBG. The newly synthesized compound 1 showed higher accumulation in herpex simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1‐tk) gene expression cell line (MCA‐tk cell line) than in the wild type MCA cell line compared with [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FHBG. The MCA‐tk to MCA cellular uptake ratio for compound 1 was higher than that of [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FHBG from 2 h after incubation. The radioiodine‐labelled compound 1 (I‐125, <I>t</I><SUB>1/2</SUB>=59.37 days) has a longer physical half‐life than F‐18‐(<I>t</I><SUB>1/2</SUB>=110 min) labelled FHBG. Radioiodine‐labelled compound 1 could be used for monitoring gene expression for a long time. The selectivity for MCA‐tk cell line makes compound 1 a promising imaging agent for HSV1‐tk expression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

BPA ‐toxicity via superoxide anion overload and a deficit in β‐catenin signaling in human bone mesenchymal stem cells

Leem, Yea&#x2010,Hyun,Oh, Seikwan,Kang, Hong&#x2010,Je,Kim, Jung&#x2010,Hwa,Yoon, Juno,Chang, Jae&#x2010,Suk John Wiley 2017 Environmental toxicology Vol. No.

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Bisphenol A (BPA), used in the manufacture of products based on polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, is well known as an endocrine‐disrupting monomer. In the current study, BPA increased cytotoxicity in hBMSCs in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, concomitantly with increased lipid peroxidation. Increased cell death in BPA‐treated cells was markedly blocked by pretreatment with the superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTBAP and MnTMPyP, but not by catalase, glutathione, the glutathione peroxidase mimetic ebselen, the NOS inhibitor NAME, or the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol. Furthermore, the decline in nuclear β‐catenin and cyclin D1 levels in hBMSCs exposed to BPA was reversed by MnTBAP treatment. Finally, treatment of hBMSCs with the GSK3β inhibitor LiCl<SUB>2</SUB> increased nuclear β‐catenin levels and significantly attenuated cytotoxicity compared with BPA treatment. Our current results in hBMSCs exposed to BPA suggest that BPA causes a disturbance in β‐catenin signaling via a superoxide anion overload. © 2016 The Authors Environmental Toxicology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 344–352, 2017.</P>

Efficacy and safety of adding evogliptin versus sitagliptin for metformin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes: A 24‐week randomized, controlled trial with open label extension

Hong, Sang&#x2010,Mo,Park, Cheol&#x2010,Young,Hwang, Dong&#x2010,Min,Han, Kyung Ah,Lee, Chang Beom,Chung, Choon Hee,Yoon, Kun&#x2010,Ho,Mok, Ji&#x2010,Oh,Park, Kyong Soo,Park, Sung&#x2010,Woo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2017 Diabetes, obesity & metabolism Vol.19 No.5

<P><B>Aims</B></P><P>This trial consisted of a 24‐week multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, active‐controlled study and a 52‐week open label extension study to assess the efficacy and safety of evogliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, compared to sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin alone.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (N = 222) with HbA1c 6.5% to 11% who were receiving stable doses of metformin (≥1000 mg/d) were randomized 1:1 to add‐on evogliptin 5 mg (N = 112) or sitagliptin 100 mg (N = 110) once daily for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy analysis consisted of a comparison of the change from baseline HbA1c at week 24. Non‐inferiority was concluded if the upper limit of the 2‐sided 95% confidence interval for the HbA1c difference between treatments was <0.35%.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Mean changes in HbA1c following addition of evogliptin or sitagliptin were −0.59% and −0.65%, respectively. The between‐group difference was 0.06% (2‐sided 95% confidence interval, −0.10 to 0.22), demonstrating non‐inferiority. After the 52‐week treatment, evogliptin caused a persistently decreased level of HbA1c (−0.44% ± 0.65%, P < .0001). In general, both treatments were well tolerated, with incidences and types of adverse events comparable between the two groups. Hypoglycaemic events, mostly mild, were reported in 0.9% of patients treated with evogliptin and in 2.8% of patients treated with sitagliptin for 24 weeks.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Evogliptin 5 mg added to metformin therapy effectively improved glycaemic control and was non‐inferior to sitagliptin and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that was inadequately controlled by metformin alone.</P>

Trends in incidence and survival of esophageal cancer in Korea: Analysis of the Korea Central Cancer Registry Database

Shin, Aesun,Won, Young&#x2010,Joo,Jung, Hye&#x2010,Kyung,Kong, Hyun&#x2010,Joo,Jung, Kyu&#x2010,Won,Oh, Chang‐,Mo,Choe, Sunho,Lee, Jihyun John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018 Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology Vol.33 No.12

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background and Aim</B></P><P>The diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of esophageal cancer have recently improved in Asia, and its prognosis is expected to change. This study provides a population‐based report on the epidemiology of esophageal cancer in Korea.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2013 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry, covering the entire population. Age‐standardized incidence rates and annual percent changes were calculated according to subsites and histological types. Five‐year relative survival rates were estimated for cases diagnosed between 1993 and 2013. Relative excess rates were compared between patients diagnosed from 2009 to 2013 and 2006 to 2008.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The age‐standardized incidence rates decreased from 8.8 per 100 000 populations in 1999 to 5.9 in 2013 with an annual percent change of −2.6% in men and −2.2% in women. The most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 90.2% of all esophageal cancers in 2013, followed by adenocarcinomas (3.1%), and their incidences decreased. The proportion of localized and regional cancer tended to increase compared with that of distant cancer. Five‐year relative survival of squamous cell carcinoma improved from 12.1% (1993–1995) to 34.6% (2009–2013). Relative excess rate was 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.65–0.80) in localized stage and 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.95) in regional stage comparing patients diagnosed from 2009 to 2013 and 2006 to 2008.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The incidence of esophageal cancer has decreased in Korea for the past 15 years, and 5‐year survival rates have improved significantly. These increases may be attributable to more effective detection of early‐stage disease.</P>

Lobule‐specific membrane excitability of cerebellar Purkinje cells

Kim, Chang‐,Hee,Oh, Seung&#x2010,Ha,Lee, Jun Ho,Chang, Sun O,Kim, Jun,Kim, Sang Jeong Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 The Journal of physiology Vol.590 No.2

<P><B>Non‐technical summary </B> Cerebellar vermis consists of 10 lobules, and each lobule receives different sensory information. Afferent inputs are integrated in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) which are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex. We show that intrinsic membrane properties are widely different between PCs in the spinocerebellum (lobules III–V) and vestibulocerebellum (lobule X).</P>

Capsule endoscopy in small bowel tumors: A multicenter Korean study

Cheung, Dae Young,Lee, In&#x2010,Seok,Chang, Dong Kyung,Kim, Jin Oh,Cheon, Jae Hee,Jang, Byung Ik,Kim, Yong&#x2010,Sik,Park, Cheol Hee,Lee, Kwang Jae,Shim, Ki&#x2010,Nam,Ryu, Ji&#x2010,Kon,Do, Jae&#x2 Blackwell Publishing Asia 2010 Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology Vol.25 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background and Aim: </B> Capsule endoscopy (CE) has proven to be highly effective at detecting small bowel lesions in a variety of clinical conditions, but studies concerning the practical impact of CE on small bowel tumors are still scarce, especially in the Asian population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic impact of CE in the field of small bowel tumors.</P><P><B>Methods: </B> CE records consecutively pooled from the beginning of use of CE in Korea, October 2001 until April 2008, in 14 centers throughout Korea were reviewed. Clinical information and CE video images of small bowel tumors were analyzed.</P><P><B>Results: </B> A total of 1332 cases undergoing CE were reviewed with all clinical indications. Small bowel tumors were diagnosed with CE in 57 (4.3%) of 1332 patients. The tumors were malignant in 33 cases, and included three adenocarcinomas, eight lymphomas, 20 gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and two metastatic cancers. The most frequent indications for CE in malignant tumors were obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, followed by abdominal pain and weight loss. Thirty of 57 tumors were identified exclusively by CE (diagnostic impact = 30/57), and they were smaller in size (mean, range: 14.3 mm, 2–35 mm) compared to the other tumors detected in radiological studies (48.7 mm, 10–110 mm). Seven patients underwent surgical resection (therapeutic impact = 7/57).</P><P><B>Conclusion: </B> CE effectively identifies small bowel tumors that are undetectable by conventional radiological studies (diagnostic impact = 52.6%) and can critically change the therapeutic course (therapeutic impact = 12.3%).</P>

The influence of perforating the autogenous block bone and the recipient bed in dogs. Part I: a radiographic analysis

Oh, Kyung&#x2010,Choon,Cha, Jae&#x2010,Kook,Kim, Chang‐,Sung,Choi, Seong&#x2010,Ho,Chai, Jung&#x2010,Kiu,Jung, Ui&#x2010,Won Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Clinical oral implants research Vol.22 No.11

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Objectives: </B> This study evaluated radiographically the integration and volume maintenance of grafted autogenous block bone under various cortical bone perforation conditions in dogs.</P><P><B>Material and methods: </B> Five mongrel dogs were used. Each dog received four differently prepared onlay block bone grafts: a solid block graft was fixed on either (1) a cortically perforated recipient bed (SGPR) or (2) a nonperforated recipient bed (SGNPR), a perforated block graft was fixed on either (3) a nonperforated recipient bed (PGNPR) or (4) a cortically perforated recipient bed (PGPR). The animals were sacrificed at 1 day, 4 days, 10 days, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after surgery. Specimens were prepared and radiographic analysis was conducted by using micro‐computed tomography. The residual bone volume (RBV; mm<SUP>3</SUP>), cross‐sectional bone area (BA; mm<SUP>2</SUP>), and residual height (RH; %) of the grafted block bone were measured radiographically.</P><P><B>Results: </B> The interface between the recipient bed and the graft showed no signs of bone integration at 1, 4, and 10 days of healing. However, at 4 weeks of healing, bone integration was observed in all groups. The RBV, BA, and RH of the grafts gradually decreased by 4 weeks of healing. At 8 weeks, the PGPR condition exhibited a higher RBV, BA, and RH than the other conditions, whereas the SGNPR condition exhibited the lowest RBV, BA, and RH.</P><P><B>Conclusion: </B> Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that intentional cortical perforation on the recipient bed and block bone graft may influence volume maintenance of the graft.</P><P><B>To cite this article:</B> 
Oh K‐C, Cha J‐K, Kim C‐S, Choi S‐H, Chai J‐K, Jung U‐W. The influence of perforating the autogenous block bone and the recipient bed in dogs. Part I: a radiographic analysis.
<I>Clin. Oral Impl. Res</I>. <B>22</B>, 2011; 1298–1302.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02110.x</P>

Diphenylacetylene Polymer Nanofiber Mats Fabricated by Freeze Drying: Preparation and Application for Explosive Sensors

Lee, Wang&#x2010,Eun,Oh, Chang‐,Jin,Kang, Inn&#x2010,Kyu,Kwak, Giseop WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2010 Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Vol.211 No.17

<P><B>Abstract</B></P>10.1002/macp.201000216.abs<P>Finely structured diphenylacetylene polymer nanofibers were successfully prepared by a freeze drying method. SEM revealed that the morphology and structure of the fibers were significantly dependent on the concentration of the polymer solution, the ‘frozen in’ quenching temperature and the chemical structure of the polymer derivatives. Polarized fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the polymer chains within the nanofiber were uniaxially oriented and highly elongated. The polymer nanofiber was remarkably sensitive to explosive nitroaromatic compounds when compared to the corresponding thin films. The fluorescence of polymer nanofiber obtained from 0.003 wt.‐% cryogenic benzene solution rapidly decreased to 50% of its initial value in ≈35 s by exposing to 2,4‐dinitrotoluene.</P>