Multiple heterologous M2 extracellular domains presented on virus-like particles confer broader and stronger M2 immunity than live influenza A virus infection

Kim, M.C.,Lee, J.S.,Kwon, Y.M.,O, E.,Lee, Y.J.,Choi, J.G.,Wang, B.Z.,Compans, R.W.,Kang, S.M. Elsevier/North-Holland 2013 Antiviral research Vol.99 No.3

The influenza M2 ectodomain (M2e) is poorly immunogenic and has some amino acid changes among isolates from different host species. We expressed a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e sequences (M2e5x) derived from human, swine, and avian origin influenza A viruses on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) in a membrane-anchored form. Immunization of mice with M2e5x VLPs induced protective antibodies cross-reactive to antigenically different influenza A viruses and conferred cross protection. Anti-M2e antibodies induced by heterologous M2e5x VLPs showed a wider range of cross reactivity to influenza A viruses at higher levels than those by live virus infection, homologous M2e VLPs, or M2e monoclonal antibody 14C2. Fc receptors were found to be important for mediating protection by immune sera from M2e5x VLP vaccination. The present study provides evidence that heterologous recombinant M2e5x VLPs can be more effective in inducing protective M2e immunity than natural virus infection and further supports an approach for developing an effective universal influenza vaccine.

CHF₃ / C₂F6 플라즈마에 의한 실리콘 표면 잔류막의 특성

권광호(K.-H. Kwon),박형호(H.-H. Park),이수민(S. M. Lee),강성준(S. J. Kang),권오준(O.-J. Kwon),김보우(B.W. Kim),성영권(Y.-K. Sung) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1992 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.1 No.1

실리콘을 CHF₃/C₂F_6 가스 플라즈마를 이용하여 식각하면 실리콘위에 탄소, 불소 및 산소로 이루어진 잔류막이 형성된다. 이 잔류막을 XPS로 분석한 결과 탄소는 C-Si, C-Si, C-C/H, C-CF_x(x≤3), C-F, C-F₂, C-F₃ 결합을 하고 있으며, 불소는 F-Si, F-C 및 F-O 결합으로 이루어져 있음을 알았다. 한편 산소는 O-Si 및 O-F 결합으로, 실리콘은 Si-Si, Si-C 및 Si-O 결합상태를 나타낸다. 잔류막의 수직분포 연구를 통하여 Si-O 및 Si-C 결합이 탄소와 불소의 결합층 아래에 존재하고, 잔류막의 표면부에 F-O 결합이 분포함을 알았다. 또한 건식식각 변수가 잔류막 형성에 미치는 영향이 조사되었으며 CHF₃/C₂F_6 가스 유량비, RF power 벚 압력 등이 잔류막의 두께, 조성비 및 잔류막의 결합상태에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. Si surfaces exposed to CHF₃/C₂F_6 gas plasmas in reactive ion etching (RIE) have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). CHF₃/C₂F_6 gas plasma exposure of Si surface leads to the deposition of residual film containing carbon and fluorine. The narrow scan spectra of C 1s show various bonding states of carbon as C-Si, C-Si, C-C/H, C-CF_x(x≤3), C-F, C-F₂, and C-F₃. The chemical bonding states of fluorine are described with F-Si, F-C, and F-O. And the oxygen and silicon are also detected. The effects of parameters for reactive ion etching as CHF₃/C₂F_6 gas ratio, RF power, and pressure are investigated.

智異山 自生 부추의 形態的 特性 및 核型에 關한 硏究

權泰牛,李萬相 圓光大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.25 No.2

智異山一帶에 自生하는 부추에 對하여 표高에 따른 形態的인 差異와 自生地의 부추를 같은 場所인 裡里에 移植하여 自生地와 栽培地 間의 形態的인 差異 및 智異山 부추의 染色體數와 核型에 대하여 檢討한 結果 1.天皇峰, 세석평정에 自生하는 부추는 A.cyaneum(2n=16)이고, 백무동에 自生하는 부추는 A.thunbergii(2n=32)로 백무동에 自生하는 부추가 形態에 있어 大體로 크나 葉數, 鱗經數 및 分??數 等에 있어서는 적었다. 2.같은 A.cyaneum(2n=16)에 있어서 標高가 높은 天皇峰의 부추가 세석평정의 부추보다 形態的 差異에 있어 같거나 컸으며, 越等히 큰 差異을 보인것은 草長, 花軸의 길이 等이었다. 3.天皇峰, 백무동 自生地 부추보다 草長과 葉의 數, 길이, 幅 및 두께는 栽培地에서 減少되었으나 세석평정의 것은 오히려 增加되었고, 3地域 自生地보다 栽培地에서 鱗莖의 數와 重量은 越等히 增加하였으나 花軸의 길이는 減少되었으며, 天皇峰 세석평정産 開花期는 栽培地에서 한달 程度 늦었다. 4.天皇峰에서 蒐集된 부추의 染色體數는 2n=16이었고, Arm ratios는 Subterminal이 G, H 2個染色體에 있는 것과, G染色體에만 있는 2個群이 調査되었고, 나머지는 Median or submedian이었으며 附隨體染色體는 發見되지 않았다. 5.세석평정에서 蒐集된 부추는 4個群이 調査되었으며 染色體數는 NO.1, NO.2는 2n=16, NO.3는 2n=17, NO.4는 2n=20이고 Arm ratios는 Subterminal이 NO.1에서 G, H染色體에, NO.2는 F染色體에, NO.3은 I染色體에, NO.4는 J染色體에 있고 나머지는 Median or Submedian 이었으며 附隨體는 NO.1, NO.2에서는 F染色體에 한쌍씩 있고 NO.3, NO.4에서는 觀察되지 않았다. NO.4에서 2n=20인데 染色體가 어떻게 增加되었는지 確認하기 어려우나 I, J染色體들의 크기가 작았다. Present works were attempted to investigate the difference of morphology, number of chromosome, and karyotype of native Allium species grown in Mt. Jiri. Native Allium species grown at Cheonhwangbong(sea level: 1950m) and Seseogpyeongjeong(sea level: 1700m) in Mt. Jiri were A.cyaneum(2n=16), Baegmudong(sea level: 350m) was A. thunbergii(2n=32). Generally morphology of A. thunbergii was larger than that of A. cyaneum, but no. of leaf, bulb, and tiller were fewer. Plant height and floral axis length of A. cyaneum grown at Cheonhwangbong were far longer than those of Seseogpyeonjeong. When native Allium species grown in Mt. Jiri was cultivated in Iri(sea level:8m), number and weight of bulb were increased remarkably, the length of floral axis was decreased, the date of flowering was late. Native A. cyaneum grown at Cheonhwangbong divided into two groups that the subterocentric chromosomes of No.1 and No.2,less than 33% of arm ratio, existed in the G and H chromosome respectively, others were metacentric or submetacenteic chromosome. Satelite chromosome was not observed. Native A. cyaneum grown at Seseogpyeongjeong divided into four groups. No. of chromosome of No.1, No.2, No.3, and No.4 were 2n=16, 2n=16, 2n=17, and 2n=20. Subterocentric chromosome of No.1, No.2, No.3, and No.4 existed in the G and H,F,I,and J chromosome, and others were metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes. Satellite chromosomes of No.1 and No.2 were found one pair in F chromosome, while No.3 and No.4 were not observed.

미국 의학드라마에 나타난 간호이미지와 역할수행 연구

권영애,길민지,김정현,박옥경,서민정,유현정,이민경,정지혜,조양현,천기윤,이자형,정덕유,김성남 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2009 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.43

We tried to inquire the people's views on nursing or nurses, correct the image of nurse and take it as a basis to be applied on nursing education examining the image of nursing on Television drama playing a important role of mass media. 523 nurses of the characters in drama is applied to the analysis object of this study by selecting 3 American medical dramas, Grey's Anatomy, House M.D, E.R from 2005 to 2007. Contents analysis method was used in Data Analysis, which was used in Lim Mi-lim ?Research on contents analysis on image of nursing on television drama?, 7 Items was used after Coders previously modify and compensate it based on research documents of Kalish & Kalisch(1986), Yoon Young(1983), Lee Hye-Ok(1982), Lee Young-Bok, etc in analysis items. Before making the coding, we did pre-test. 6 Coders made of 3teams, 2 Coders are in each team, made the Codings the article on each person by Item seeing the recorded Film. An each team makes coding about 50episodes, total 147episodes for 2weeks. We used double coding and when the results are different between two coders, we decided just one result through mutual agreement. The average of reliability degree was 97.4% which measured the reliability degree by the method of Holsti. The statistic method of Frequency, Percentage was used using EXCEL Program in data processing. The result of research is as follows. 1. The general feature of nurses on the drama is that they are women(92.7%) which is 20 or 30-aged(70.5%). 2. Relative importance of 65.2% nurses in drama is depicted as surrounding characters and most of them was expressed as the character plating surrounding role. 3. The affair attitude of nurses shown on drama is revealed as active(24.5%), autonomous(32%), kind(16.8%), mechanical(23.2%) and adept(28.4%). However, unknown category is the highest in all affairs. 4. The professional activity of nurses was classified with professional/simple affair, The professional activity of nurses was 80% and simple activity of nurses was 22.9%. The professional activity of nurses was classified with personal/assistant affair. The personal activity of nurses was 61.9% and assistant activity of nurses was 15.1%. 5. The place nurses of the drama appears are hospital(97.7%). 6. The appearance feature of nurses is shown on common physique (55.0%), common stature(79.3%), common appearance(76.1%), common dignity(97.5%) and decent (51.1%). 7. The feature of character of nurses depicted on Television drama is neutral in all 11 affairs. We want the following epigraph based on above conclusion. 1. The continuos research intended for mass people is required about how their image of nurse is changed after watching medical drama. 2. The research to construct monitoring mass media system and make plans for developing is required for nurse image being in a triangular position as a professional job.

주메모리 실시간 저장시스템을 위한 개방적 트랜잭션 스케쥴러 라이브러리의 설계 및 구현

권오성(O. S. Kwon),송세혁(S. H. Song),차상균(S. K. Cha),채미옥(M. O. Chae) 한국정보과학회 1996 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1A

실시간 데이타베이스 연산들의 정확성은 수행되는 논리적 연산뿐만 아니라 실시간 트랜잭션들의 결과가 도축되는 시간에도 좌우된다. 실시간 DBMS가 가능한 많은 트랜잭션들을 그들의 시간 제약 조건들을 위배하지 않고서 완수하는 것을 보장하기 위해서는 실시간 DBMS의 스케쥴링 전략은 실시간 트랜잭션들과 데이타베이스와 관련된 시간 제약 조건들에 관한 정보들을 이용해야만한다. 이 논문은 M²RTSS(Main-Memory Real-Time Storage System)의 트랜잭션들에 대한 몇 가지의 스케쥴링 알고리듬을 제안한다. 이러한 알고리듬들을 구현한 스케쥴러들은 시스템의 재사용성과 확장가능성을 향상시키기 위해 객체지향 방식에 의해 설계되었다. M²RTSS를 이용하는 프로그래머는 어떤 스케쥴링 알고리듬도 선택할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 시스템의 다른 부분에 영향을 끼치지 않고서 자신의 응용 분야에 적절한 새로운 알고리듬을 구현할 수 도 있다. 우리는 이 연구가 진행됨에 따라 M²RTSS가 다양한 응용 분야를 지원하는 일반적인 실시간 DBMS로 발전되기를 희망한다.

Supplementation of oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine with M2e antigen enhances resistance against heterologous H9N2 avian influenza virus infection

Park, J.K.,Lee, D.H.,Cho, C.H.,Yuk, S.S.,To, E.O.,Kwon, J.H.,Noh, J.Y.,Kim, B.Y.,Choi, S.W.,Shim, B.S.,Song, M.K.,Lee, J.B.,Park, S.Y.,Choi, I.S.,Song, C.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2014 Veterinary microbiology Vol.169 No.3

Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 has been evolving rapidly and vaccine escape variants have been reported to cause circulation of infections and economic losses. In the present study, we developed and evaluated ectodomain of the AIV matrix 2 (M2e) protein as a supplementing antigen for oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine to increase resistance against vaccine escape variants. AIV H9N2 M2e antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli and supplemented to inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccine. Specific pathogen-free chickens received a single injection of inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccines with or without M2e supplementation. At three weeks post vaccination, hemagglutination inhibition tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine serological immune responses. Challenge study using a vaccine escape H9N2 variant was performed to evaluate the efficacy of M2e supplementation. M2e antigen supplemented in oil emulsion vaccine was highly immunogenic, and a single M2e-supplemented vaccination reduced challenge virus replication and shedding more effectively than non-supplemented vaccination.

Pulmonary TB and NTM lung disease: comparison of characteristics in patients with AFB smear-positive sputum.

Koh, W J,Yu, C M,Suh, G Y,Chung, M P,Kim, H,Kwon, O J,Lee, N Y,Chung, M J,Lee, K S The Union 2006 The international journal of tuberculosis and lung Vol.10 No.9

<P>OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and radiographic features of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease in patients with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive sputum specimens. DESIGN: The initial clinical and radiographic features of 229 PTB patients were compared with those of 70 patients with NTM lung disease. The most commonly involved organisms in the NTM lung disease cases were Mycobacterium avium complex (n = 38, 54%) and M. abscessus (n = 26, 37%). RESULTS: Clinical and radiographic findings that were more common in patients with NTM lung disease than in PTB patients were: older age (P < 0.001), non-smoker (P < 0.001), history of previous TB treatment (P < 0.001), absence of pleural effusion (P = 0.017), involvement of middle and/or lower lung zones (P = 0.007), and bilateral disease (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (> or = 40 years), non-smoker, previous TB treatment, absence of pleural effusion and involvement of middle and/or lower lung zones were significant independent predictors for NTM lung disease. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable overlap in the clinical and radiographic appearances of PTB and NTM lung disease. The isolation and identification of causative organisms are mandatory for a correct diagnosis in patients with AFB-positive sputum specimens.</P>

장기 저장연료의 열안정성 및 연료접촉 고무오링의 수명예측 연구

정근우(K. W. Chung),홍진숙(J. S. Hong),김영운(Y. W. Kim),한정식(J. S. Han),정병훈(B. H. Jeong),권태수(T. S. Kwon),서동욱(D. O. Suh),성민준(M. J. Sung),권영일(Y. I. Kwon) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2018 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.34 No.5

Thermal deterioration of fuel due to long-term storage influences engine performance and causes malfunctions. Fuel stability is usually evaluated via heat resistance and thermal stability during a brief heat shock at high temperature; storage stability in this scenario means that there is very little change in the quality of the fuel during long-term storage. In addition, rubber-based products such as oil seals, O-rings, and rubber hoses can influence the quality of the fuel. When these rubber products are in contact with fuel, they can swell, mechanically weaken, and occasionally crack, thus leaking low molar weight rubber and additives including plasticizer and antioxidant into the fuel to degrade its properties and shorten its useful lifetime. This study determines the thermal stabilities of three kinds of synthetic fuels by evaluating their low temperature kinematic viscosities, chemical composition changes via GC analyses, gross heat of combustion, and color changes. We evaluate the compression set of O-rings by immersing one NBR and two FKM rubber O-rings in the three synthetic fuel samples in airtight containers at variable storage temperatures for six months; from this, we estimate the lifetimes of the O-rings using the Power law model. There were very little changes in the chemical compositions and gross heat of combustion after six months of the experiment. The lifetimes are thus dependent on the materials of the rubber products, and in particular, the FKM O-ring was calculated to have a theoretical lifetime of 200 to 5,700 years. These results indicate that the synthetic fuels maintain their physical properties even after long-term storage at high temperatures, and the FKM O-ring is suitable for long-term sealing of these fuels.

Ti-6Al-7Nb 합금의 표면 활성에 미치는 양극산화 공정조건의 영향

권오성,류경호,박광범,이민호,배태성,이오연 대한금속재료학회 2005 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.43 No.2

This study was performed to investigate whether the bioactivity of the anodized and hydrothermally treated Ti-6A1-7Nb alloy were affected by the process conditions of anodic oxidation. Anodizing was performed at a current density of 5-50 mA/㎠ in up to 240~300 V in electrolyte solutions containing DL-α-glycerophosphate(DL-α-GP) and calcium acetate (CA). Hydrothermal treatment was done at 300℃ for 2 hours to produce hydroxyapatite (HA) for bioactivity. Bioactivity was evaluated from surface activation layer formed on the surfaces in a Hanks' solution with pH 7.4 at 36.5℃ for 30 days. The size of micropores and the thickness of oxide film were increased by increasing the spark forming voltage, and more complex oxide layers were formed. HA crystals were observed on the anodic oxide film after hydrothermal treatment at 300℃ for 2 hours. The anodic oxide films were composed of strong anatase peak and rutile peak, and showed the increase in intensity of anatase peak after hydrothermal treatment. When electrolyte composition, voltage and current density were increased, the deposited HA crystals showed a fine shapes. Bioactivity in Hanks' solution was accelerated when the oxide films were composed of strong anatase peak with rutile peak. Oxide layers selectively showed surface activity at the pertinent electrolyte composition. When voltage and current density were increased, the surface activity was increased. The amount of Ca and P was increased in surface having bioactivity in Hanks' solution. (Received December 1, 2004)

MK 식 저면급수재배 system

권오영,허무룡,박중춘 韓國施設園藝硏究會 1999 施設園藝硏究 Vol.12 No.1