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        Improvement of conductivity of graphene-silver nanowire hybrid through nitrogen doping using low power plasma treatment

        Nishan Thilawala, Kondasinghe Gayantha,Kim, Jae-Kwan,Lee, Ji-Myon Elsevier 2019 Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol.773 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Graphene-silver nanowire (AgNW) hybrid structure is a potential candidate to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) owing to its high conductivity, transparency, and flexibility. The thin insulating polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) residual surfactant coating that forms on AgNW weakens the wire-to-wire and wire-to-graphene contact, resulting in a higher sheet resistance. For this reason, a post-processing treatment such as high-temperature annealing is usually carried out to reduce the sheet resistance. In this paper, low power nitrogen plasma is utilized to increase the electrical conductivity of the hybrid through the partial removal of PVP and simultaneous doping of graphene without employing any high-temperature annealing treatment. A reduction of over 34% in sheet resistance is obtained for the hybrid compared with a 17% reduction for the AgNW electrode alone. The hybrid electrode, in comparison to the AgNW electrode alone, results in an electrical to optical conductivity ratio (σ<SUB>DC</SUB>/σ<SUB>OP</SUB>) of 234 in 45 s without losing its transparency. In comparison to the 4% reduction of sheet resistance caused by high temperature annealing at 180 °C for 30 min, nitrogen plasma treatment results in a substantially higher reduction (>34%) of the sheet resistance of hybrids in a substantially shorter processing time (45 s).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 30 s grown graphene promoted nitrogen doping up to 9% due to boundary like defects. </LI> <LI> Degradation of PVP improved both the conductivity and transparency of hybrid. </LI> <LI> The hybrid achieved an FOM of 234 compared to the minimum industrial standard of 35 for TCE. </LI> <LI> Sheet resistance reduction of hybrids by N<SUB>2</SUB> plasma was more effective than the use of a high temperature treatment. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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