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Semantic Representations in Monolingual and Bilingual Connectionist Networks
( Nicholas Rendell ),( Eddy J. Davelaar ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2015 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.16 No.3
Repeated practice of inhibitory processes in bilinguals leads to an advantage in tasks requiring control processes. This advantage has been postulated to contribute to cognitive reserve as an offset to age and dementia related decline. Two models are presented which have learned the names of a series of pictures belonging to two categories. The first model learned the names of both categories in a single language, the second in two languages. In line with the dopamine hypothesis, change in gain of the log-sigmoidal transfer function was applied to provide a valid age related change. The results demonstrated greater separation of representations for monolinguals than for bilinguals. This occurred both for individual representations within a category and between categories. Furthermore, an interaction between brain reserve capacity, a biological category of cognitive reserve, and whether or not the model was bilingual or monolingual was observed for measures of separation. The results are discussed in terms of retrieval induced inhibition which suggest that the closer representations are to each other, the greater the recruitment of inhibitory processes.
Nicholas F. Bugai(니콜라이 부가이) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2001 역사문화연구 Vol.14 No.-
Развитие национальных процесов в стране в первой половине 20 -х годов и, особенно, после образования Союза ССР(l922 г.), связанных с приятием государством в качестве новой народнохозайственной политики-НЭПа(новая экономическая политика), началом реализации новых планов несомиенно способствовали политическому обновлению общества в целом. В этот период наблюдается и этническая мобилизация. Представители разных национальностей все активнее включались в производственный процесс, в политическую работу, стремясь принести пользу развивающемуся на совершенно новых основах обществу. 3то в полной мере относилось и к корейскому этническому меньшинству. в зтой с т атье рассмотрены формы и методы работы Союза корейцев, поживающих на территории СССР в 1920гг . Страктypbl и главные фигуры Союз а тоже отмеченны .
Detecting artefacts in analyses of extreme wind speeds
Nicholas J. Cook 한국풍공학회 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.3
The impact of artefacts in archived wind observations on the design wind speed obtained by extreme value analysis is demonstrated using case studies. A signpost protocol for detecting candidate artefacts is described and its performance assessed by comparing results against previously validated data. The protocol targets artefacts by exploiting the serial correlation between observations. Additional "sieve" algorithms are proposed to identify types of correctable artefact from their "signature" in the data. In extreme value analysis, artefacts displace valid observations only when they are larger, hence always increase the design wind speed. Care must be taken not identify large valid values as artefacts, since their removal will tend to underestimate the design wind speed.
The Grammaticalization of Demonstratives: A Comparative Analysis
Nicholas Catasso 세종대학교 언어연구소 2011 Journal of Universal Language Vol.12 No.1
An article, irrespective of its distribution across natural languages,dialects and varieties, is a member of the class of determiners which particularizes a noun according to language-specific principles of grammatical and semantic structuring. Definite articles in Indo-European languages – in those grammatical systems where they are present – are derived from ancient demonstratives through a grammaticalization process: given that demonstratives are deictic expressions (i.e. they depend on a frame of reference which is external to that of the speaker and of the interlocutor) with the role of selecting a referent or a set of referents, it is easy to understand what the role of “universal quantifier” of the, which is in English the prototypical – but questionable – example of definiteness, is due to. Demonstratives are frequently reanalyzed across languages as grammatical markers (very often as definite articles, but also as copulas, relative and third person pronouns, sentence connectives, focus markers, etc.). In this article I concentrate on the grammaticalization of the definite article in English, adopting a comparative-contrastive approach (including a wide range of Indo-European languages), given the complexity of the article.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Managing Sponsor Relations through Athlete Transgressions
Nicholas Burton 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol. No.
This research seeks to examine the impact of athlete transgressions on endorsement decision-making and dissolution within the context of relationship marketing, within the context of trust as a determinant of relationship development and dissolution. The present study's findings suggest that, when faced with such trigger events, key to the sponsor decision-making process is the risk tolerance and awareness of the sponsor, and the appreciation of risk and vulnerability embedded within the relationship. This acceptance of risk, and the corresponding trust and commitment fostered, represents an important component of relationship management in endorsement contracts. Correspondingly, a model of relationship restoration or dissolution is proposed, conceptualizing the decision-making process for endorsees. This research thus begins to address the managerial implications of transgression for endorsees, in order to better understand the antecedents underpinning the decision-making process of the sponsor in response to a case of sporting transgression.