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Coordination of Unlike Categories Creates Grammaticality Illusion
Nayoun Kim,Jiayi Lu 한국영어학회 2024 영어학 Vol.24 No.-
Coordinate structures with mismatched DP and CP conjuncts can occupy the complement position of a preposition (e.g., “You can depend on my friend and that she will be on time.”). Such examples pose a challenge to previously proposed syntactic generalizations including the Law of Coordination of Likes, and the Wasow’s Generalization. Attempting to resolve this problem, recent proposals analyze such DP&CP coordinate structures as underlying DP&DP coordination structures, where the CP conjuncts are contained inside silent nominal shells. Under such proposals, the DP&CP coordination does not violate the Law of Coordination of Likes or the Wasow’s Generalization. In this study, we present psycholinguistic evidence against such analyses, and suggest an alternative analysis where the DP&CP coordination is indeed ungrammatical but appears acceptable due to a grammaticality illusion.
An Illusion of Grammaticality in Wh-Questions
Nayoun Kim,Jiayi Lu 한국언어학회 2021 언어 Vol.46 No.3
This paper investigates the lingering effects of wh-question contexts, involving in particular wh-adjuncts and wh-arguments. We present novel evidence that initial interpretations of adjunct wh-phrases can potentially linger in the subsequent parse, thereby ameliorating the acceptability of apparent island violations. Results from the study’s Q/A pair formal acceptability rating experiment reveal that why -questions with attachment ambiguity allow the grammatical alternative parse to “linger”, augmenting acceptability judgments even when a disambiguating answer sentence forces an ungrammatical or less preferred interpretation. From a methodological perspective, this study also illustrates how the linkage between string acceptability and structural well-formedness could potentially fail.
Kim, Joong Hyun,Park, Junhyeok,Won, Nayoun,Chung, HyoKyun,Kim, Sungjee Taylor Francis 2009 Journal of experimental nanoscience Vol.4 No.2
<P> We report a facile and effective way to prepare cell labelling quantum dots (QDs) using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and to enhance biocompatibility of the QD labels. There are several reports on the use of this ligand to encapsulate nanoparticles including QDs. However, due to its high cellular toxicity, CTAB has still not been employed to prepare QDs for cellular labelling. After removing the free ligand by dialysis, we could successfully use CdSe/CdS/ZnS (core/shell/shell) QDs for cellular labelling. In addition, we found that the simple introduction of a sonication step to cause the emulsion of the QDs in the aqueous surfactant solution could lead to a five-times higher encapsulation of the QDs as compared to other methods. Fluorescent microscopy images of HeLa cells revealed that the QDs were evenly dispersed inside them. Furthermore, fluorescent morphological images of the QD labelled cells were more distinct than bright field images.</P>
Imaging depths of near-infrared quantum dots in first and second optical windows.
Won, Nayoun,Jeong, Sanghwa,Kim, Kangwook,Kwag, Jungheon,Park, Joonhyuck,Kim, Sang Geol,Kim, Sungjee MIT Press 2012 Molecular imaging Vol.11 No.4
<P>Potential advantages of quantum dot (QD) imaging in the second optical window (SOW) at 1,000 to 1,400 nm over the first optical window (FOW) at 700 to 900 nm have attracted much interest. QDs that emit at 800 nm (800QDs) and QDs that emit at 1,300 nm (1,300QDs) are used to investigate the imaging depths at the FOW and SOW. QD images in biologic tissues are processed binarized via global thresholding method, and the imaging depths are determined using the criteria of contrast to noise ratio and relative apparent size. Owing to the reduced scattering in the SOW, imaging depth in skin can be extended by approximately three times for 1,300QD/SOW over 800QD/FOW. In liver, excitation of 1,300QD/SOW can be shifted to longer wavelengths; thus, the imaging depth can be extended by 1.4 times. Effects of quantum yield (QY), concentration, incidence angle, polarization, and fluence rate F on imaging depth are comprehensively studied. Under F approved by the Food and Drug Administration, 1,300QDs with 50% QY can reach imaging depths of 29.7 mm in liver and 17.5 mm in skin. A time-gated excitation using 1,000 times higher F pulses can obtain the imaging depth of ? 5 cm. To validate our estimates, in vivo whole-body imaging experiments are performed using small-animal models.</P>
Kannaiyan, Dinakaran,Kim, Eunhye,Won, Nayoun,Kim, Kang Wook,Jang, Yoon Hee,Cha, Min-Ah,Ryu, Du Yeol,Kim, Sungjee,Kim, Dong Ha Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 No.4
<P>Two-dimensional (2D) arrays of hybrid CdS/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> composite nanodots were fabricated on solid substrates using amphiphilic poly(styrene-<I>block</I>-ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer (PS-<I>b</I>-PEO) micelles as templates loaded with CdS nanoparticles (NPs) and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> sol–gel precursors. The inorganic precursors were selectively incorporated into PEO domains of PS-<I>b</I>-PEO due to the specific interactions. The addition of CdS quantum dots (QDs) into thin films of the PS-<I>b</I>-PEO/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> sol–gel mixture led to the morphological changes from mixed wire/hexagonal dot to well-defined, quasi-hexagonal dot arrays. The PS-<I>b</I>-PEO/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS system showed an enhanced absorption along with red shift behavior in the UV-visible spectral range compared with the PS-<I>b</I>-PEO/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films. Photoluminescence (PL) studies showed a quenching of CdS emission in the presence of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. An enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) was observed in the hybrid PS-<I>b</I>-PEO/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS thin film.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Ultrahigh density arrays of composite CdS/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic performance were produced by a cooperative sol–gel chemistry and self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(styrene-<I>block</I>-ethylene oxide) block copolymers. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b917858a'> </P>