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Na, S.H.,Shon, H.K.,Kim, J.B.,Park, H.J.,Kim, J.H. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2011 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.17 No.2
Sludge disposal after flocculation with paper mill wastewater is one of the most costly and environmentally problematic challenges. In this study, an effective sludge recycling process was proposed using Ti-salt coagulant instead of the currently used Fe-salt. Paper mill wastewater flocculation using TiCl<SUB>4</SUB> and FeCl<SUB>3</SUB> coagulants was investigated for organic removal and precipitation efficiency. A large amount of titania nanoparticle was produced after incineration of sludge of Ti-salt flocculation in paper mill wastewater. The titania nanoparticle was characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties. Results showed that the removal efficiency of organic matter at the optimum concentrations of Ti- and Fe-salt was 69% and 65%, respectively. The removal of turbidity was 99%. Titania recovered from 600<SUP>o</SUP>C incineration of the settled sludge consisted of the anatase titania structure. The titania from printing paper mill wastewater showed irregularly aggregated structures with round shape of dimension of 10-15nm as a primary crystal growth. Various dopant materials were found to be carbon (4.3%), magnesium (0.9%), aluminium (1.9%), silicon (1.7%), sulphur (0.7%) and calcium (3.8%). 60% of acetaldehyde concentration under UV irradiation was removed with the titania nanoparticles produced from the printing paper mill wastewater.
Na, S.H.,Shon, H.K.,Kim, J.B.,Park, H.J.,Cho, D.L.,Saliby, I.E.,Kim, J.H. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2010 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.16 No.1
The highly strengthened treatment and disposal of excess sludge based on economic and environmental regulation factors is one of the important issues to be dealt with in the activated sludge process. In this study, the reduction and recycling technology of excess sludge were investigated for the aim of achieving a zero emission of excess sludge produced from the activated sludge process using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl<SUB>4</SUB>) as a flocculant aid with alkaline-thermal hydrolysis. Alkaline-thermal hydrolysis of excess sludge was obtained 73% and 40% reduction rate at pH 13 (60 8<SUP>o</SUP>C) and pH 11 (60 8<SUP>o</SUP>C), respectively. Flocculation was carried out using a Ti-salt flocculant and the collected sludge was dewatered and incinerated at 600<SUP>o</SUP>C to produce TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles. The amount of total suspended solids and volatile suspended solids was significantly decreased with pH increase. The optimal dose of Ti-salt flocculation aid to improve dewatering ability of sludge breakage was 23.95Ti-mgl<SUP>-1</SUP>. Also, in the batch culture, the supernatant after flocculation and the organic matter released from the lysed sludge were found to be useful as a source of energy for the growth of microorganisms during the aerobic operations period. TiO<SUB>2</SUB> produced from Ti-salt flocculation of excess sludge (TES) was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and photocatalytic activity.
Transient Performance of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Multiple Input DC-DC Converter
Nashed, Maged N.F. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2003 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.3 No.4
Electric vehicles (EV) demands for greater acceleration, performance and vehicle range in pure electric vehicles plus mandated requirements to further reduce emissions in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) increase the appeal for combined on-board energy storage systems and generators. And the power electronics plays an important role in providing an interface between fuel cells (FC) and loads. This paper deals with a multiple input DC-DC power converter devoted to combine the power flowing of multi-source on energy systems. The multi-source is composed of (i) FC system as a prime power demands, (ii) super capacitor banks as energy storage devices for high and intense power demands, (iii) superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES), (iv) multiple input DC-DC power converter and (v) a three phase inverter-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor as a drive. In this system, It is used super capacitor banks and superconducting magnetic energy replaces from the battery system. The modeling and transient performance simulation is effective for reducing transient influence caused by sudden charge of effective load. The main purpose of power electronic converters is to convert the DC power output from the fuel cell and other to a suitable AC voltage, which can be connected to electric loads directly (PMSM). The fuel cell and other output is connected to the DC-DC converter, which regulates the DC link voltage.
Design of a Digital PWM Controller for a Soft Switching SEPIC Converter
Nashed, Maged N.F. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2004 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.4 No.3
This paper presents analysis, modeling, and design of a low-harmonic, isolated, active-clamped SEPIC for future avionics applications. Simpler converter dynamics, high switching frequency, zero voltage-Transition-PWM switching, and a single-layer transformer construction result. This paper describes complete design of a digital controller for a high-frequency switching power supply. Guidelines for the minimum required resolution of the analog-to-digital converter, the pulse-width modulator, and the fixed-point computational unit is derived. A design example based on a SEPIC converter operating at the high switching frequency is presented. The controller design is based on direct digital design approach and standard root-locus techniques.