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Diversity of Macrophomina phaseolina Based on Morphological and Genotypic Characteristics in Iran
Mahdizadeh, Valiollah,Safaie, Naser,Goltapeh, Ebrahim Mohammadi The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2011 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.27 No.2
Fifty two Macrophomina phaseolina isolates were recovered from 24 host plant species through the 14 Iranian provinces. All isolates were confirmed to species using species-specific primers. The colony characteristics of each isolate were recorded, including chlorate phenotype, relative growth rate at $30^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$, average size of microsclerotia, and time to microsclerotia formation. The feathery colony phenotype was the most common (63.7%) on the chlorate selective medium and represented the chlorate sensitive phenotype of the Iranian Macrophomina phaseolina population. Meantime, inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) Markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of the fungus. Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering of data showed that isolates did not clearly differentiate to the specific group according to the host or geographical origins, however, usually the isolates from the same host or the same geographic origin tend to group nearly. Our results did not show a correlation between the genetic diversity based on the ISSR and phenotypic characteristics. Similar to the M. phaseolina populations in the other countries, the Iranian isolates were highly diverse based on the phenotypic and the genotypic characteristics investigated and needs more studies using neutral molecular tools to get a deeper insight into this complex species.
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Sorahinobar Mona,Safaie Naser,Moradi Babak 한국식물학회 2022 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.65 No.5
Priming of seeds is a simple and low-cost method in agriculture that improves plant growth, crop yield, and manages pathogens. The current study was carried out to determine SA seed priming effect on susceptibility and resistance of two wheat cultivars (Falat and Sumai3) to Fusarium graminearum at the seedling stage. Both the 1 and 2 mM SA-primed seeds showed a higher level of resistance against F. graminearum, as a lower disease incidence of 53% and 63% in the Falat and 48% and 76% in the Sumai3 was observed compared to the F. graminearum-inoculated water-primed control. Along with the increased resistance induced by SA priming, we observed increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidases (POX) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), in addition to higher mRNA accumulation of PAL, β-1,3-glucanase (GLU-2), chitinase (CHI), cytochrome P450 (CYP), and pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) genes compared to the water-primed F. graminearum-inoculated control. Therefore, SA seed priming is a suitable alternative to manage the incidence of F. graminearum infection by triggering plant defense responses.
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Diversity of Macrophomina phaseolina Based on Morphological and Genotypic Characteristics in Iran
Valiollah Mahdizadeh,Naser Safaie,Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh 한국식물병리학회 2011 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.27 No.2
Fifty two Macrophomina phaseolina isolates were recovered from 24 host plant species through the 14Iranian provinces. All isolates were confirmed to species using species-specific primers. The colony characteristics of each isolate were recorded, including chlorate phenotype, relative growth rate at 30°C and 37°C, average size of microsclerotia, and time to microsclerotia formation. The feathery colony phenotype was the most common (63.7%) on the chlorate selective medium and represented the chlorate sensitive phenotype of the Iranian Macrophomina phaseolina population. Meantime,inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) Markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of the fungus. Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering of data showed that isolates did not clearly differentiate to the specific group according to the host or geographical origins, however, usually the isolates from the same host or the same geographic origin tend to group nearly. Our results did not show a correlation between the genetic diversity based on the ISSR and phenotypic characteristics. Similar to the M. phaseolina populations in the other countries, the Iranian isolates were highly diverse based on the phenotypic and the genotypic characteristics investigated and needs more studies using neutral molecular tools to get a deeper insight into this complex species.
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Increased lignan biosynthesis in the suspension cultures of Linum album by fungal extracts
Bahabadi, Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh,Sharifi, Mozafar,Safaie, Naser,Murata, Jun,Yamagaki, Tohru,Satake, Honoo The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.5 No.4
Linum album accumulates anti-tumor podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and its related lignans, which were originally isolated from an endangered species Podophyllum. In the present study, we examined the effects of five fungal extracts on the production of lignans in L. album cell cultures. Fusarium graminearum extract induced the highest increase of PTOX [$143{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ dry weight (DW) of the L. album cell culture], while Rhizopus stolonifer extract enhanced the accumulation of lariciresinol up to $364{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ DW, instead of PTOX. Typical elicitors, such as chitin, chitosan, or methyl jasmonate (MeJA), were shown to be less effective in lignan production in L. album cell cultures. These results verified the advantages of fungal extracts to increase lignan production in L. album cell culture, and suggested potential on-demand metabolic engineering of lignan biosynthesis using differential fungal extracts.
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