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Mun, Hueong-Tae,Namgung, Jeong,Namgung, Jeong-Hee-Namgung The Ecological Society of Korea 2000 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.23 No.2
Mass loss and changes of mineral nutrients during decomposition of Phragmites communis for 13 months from November 1998 to December 1999, were investigated at the fringe of stream at Boryeong, Chungnam Province in Korea. Plant materials, which were collected in November 1998. were divided into leaves, culms and rhizomes. Litterbags, 15${\times}$15 cm, were made of nylon mesh with 2-mm$^2$ holes. At 13 months after installation, remaining mass of leaves, culms and rhizomes was 29.0%, 57.4%, 20.6%, respectively. Mass loss rate of the culms was significantly lower than those of the leaves and rhizomes. The decay rate of leaves, culms and rhizomes was 1.21. 0.42 and 1.48 per year, respectively. Initial concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg of leaves. culms and rhizomes was 22.5, 9.0, 15.5 mg/g for N, 0.34. 0.10, 0.33 mg/g for P, 15.0, 12.5. 12.3 mg/g for K, 2.84. 0.80, 0.03 mg/g for Ca. 1.94. 0.97, 0.40 mg/g for Mg, respectively. Concentrations of nutrients were higher in leaves than in culms and rhizomes. Except for N and Mg in rhizomes, there was no immobilization period during the decomposition. In the case of remaining K and Ca, most are lost during the first 3 months. Without any suitable method for removal of dead part, eutrophication of freshwater may be accelerated by dead macrophytes.
Namgung, Seung,Yoon, Jung Joo,Yoon, Chi-Su,Han, Byung Hyuk,Choi, Eun Sik,Oh, Hyuncheol,Kim, Youn-Chul,Lee, Yun Jung,Kang, Dae Gill,Lee, Ho Sub Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2017 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol. No.
<P>Diabetic nephropathy is both the most common complication and the leading cause of mortality associated with diabetes. <I>Prunella vulgaris</I>, a well-known traditional medicinal plant, is used for the cure of abscess, scrofula, hypertension and urinary diseases. This study confirmed whether an aqueous extract of <I>Prunella vulgaris</I> (APV) suppresses renal inflammation and fibrosis. In human mesangial cell (HMC), pretreatment of APV attenuated 25<TEX>$ \,$</TEX>mM HG-induced suppressed TGF-<TEX>$ \beta $</TEX> and Smad-2/4 expression; it increased the expression level of Smad-7. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and collagen IV, fibrosis biomarkers, were significantly decreased by APV. APV suppressed inflammatory factors such as intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). APV inhibited activation and translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-<TEX>$ \kappa $</TEX>B) in HG-stimulated HMCs. Moreover, APV significantly improved HG-induced ROS in a dose-dependent manner. In diabetic rat models, APV significantly decreased blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and ameliorated plasma creatinine (PCr). APV reduced the PAS positivity staining intensity and basement membrane thickening in glomeruli of diabetic rats. Fibrosis related proteins such as collagen IV and TGF-<TEX>$ \beta $</TEX>1 were also inhibited by APV. These results suggest that APV has a significant protective effect against diabetic renal dysfunction including inflammation and fibrosis through disruption of the TGF-<TEX>$ \beta $</TEX>/Smad signaling. Therefore, APV may be useful in potential therapies that target glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis, which lead to diabetic nephropathy.</P>
Path Space Approach for Planning 2D Shortest Path Based on Elliptic Workspace Geometry Mapping
Namgung, Ihn The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2004 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.18 No.1
A new algorithm for planning a collision-free path based on algebraic curve is developed and the concept of collision-free Path Space (PS) is introduced. This paper presents a Geometry Mapping (GM) based on two straight curves in which the intermediate connection point is organized in elliptic locus ($\delta$, $\theta$). The GM produces two-dimensional PS that is used to create the shortest collision-free path. The elliptic locus of intermediate connection point has a special property in that the total distance between the focus points through a point on ellipse is the same regardless of the location of the intermediate connection point on the ellipse. Since the radial distance, a, represents the total length of the path, the collision-free path can be found as the GM proceeds from $\delta$=0 (the direct path) to $\delta$=$\delta$$\_$max/(the longest path) resulting in the minimum time search. The GM of elliptic workspace (EWS) requires calculation of interference in circumferential direction only. The procedure for GM includes categorization of obstacles to .educe necessary calculation. A GM based on rectangular workspace (RWS) using Cartesian coordinate is also considered to show yet another possible GM. The transformations of PS among Circular Workspace Geometry Mapping (CWS GM) , Elliptic Workspace Geometry Mapping (EWS GM) , and Rectangular Workspace Geometry Mapping (RWS GM), are also considered. The simulations for the EWS GM on various computer systems are carried out to measure performance of algorithm and the results are presented.
Size distribution analysis of airborne wear particles released by subway brake system
Namgung, H.G.,Kim, J.B.,Kim, M.S.,Kim, M.,Park, S.,Woo, S.H.,Bae, G.N.,Park, D.,Kwon, S.B. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2017 Wear: An international journal on the science and Vol.372 No.-
<P>Contributions of exhaust and non-exhaust sources to traffic-related particulate matter (PM) pollution in the atmosphere are almost identical and the most important non-exhaust source is known to be brake wear particles. In order to understand the properties and harmful effects of wear particles on people, accurate information on size distribution of brake wear particles is needed. Our previous study investigated the measured changes in size distribution of nanoparticles of 500 nm or smaller to understand the origin of nanoparticles due to temperature increases on the friction surface. The present study was intended to investigate the characteristics of size distribution (5.6 nm-32 mu m) of PM released under different braking conditions by using different instruments. The measurement results under 9 braking conditions using 3 different instruments showed that the size distribution chatacteristics of particles can be divided into two main types according to braking energy. The first type is of PM up to 10 mu m in size and with a peak number concentration at 0.2-0.75 mu m regardless of braking energy, while the second type is of PM around 10 nm in size generated only when braking energy increased and particles that increased up to 100 nm. In addition, we found that the size distributions measured by the optical particle counter (OPC) and the aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) were consistent by assuming a mean diameter ratio of two instruments. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>