http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
The Role of the Present Perfect in Communication: Analysis of American Movies
Nambu, Miyuki 영상영어교육학회 2006 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.7 No.1
This paper focuses on the analysis of the contextualized 502 present perfect expressions from eight American movies with a view to find out the role of the present perfect in communication. The first analysis, the subject use analysis, points out that the present perfect can works in a dual way: it works as a tool of self-disclosure for the speaker and as a tool of understanding speaker’s personality makeup for the listener. The second analysis is about what kind of tense follows in the utterance after the present perfect. It turns out that the present perfect is, more often than not, replaced by the present tense, not by the past tense as is often pointed out. In addition, with the statistical result that the speaker and the listener share the present tense almost equally in number, it is possible to conclude that the present perfect has an important role to make a foundation on which both the speaker and the listener can develop a conversation by centering on the present. Consequently, the present perfect has a uniqueness to make it possible for the speaker to lure the listener into the environment of the present-centered communication.
Atsushi Nambu,Jordan Zach,Song Soo Kim,Gongyoung Jin,Joyce Schroeder,Yu-Il Kim,Russell Bowler,David A Lynch 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.1
Objective: To assess clinical feasibility of low-attenuation cluster analysis in evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and Methods: Subjects were 199 current and former cigarette smokers that underwent CT for quantification of COPD and had physiological measurements. Quantitative CT (QCT) measurements included low-attenuation area percent (LAA%) (voxels ≤ -950 Hounsfield unit [HU]), and two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional D values of cluster analysis at three different thresholds of CT value (-856, -910, and -950 HU). Correlation coefficients between QCT measurements and physiological indices were calculated. Multivariable analyses for percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume at one second (%FEV1) was performed including sex, age, body mass index, LAA%, and D value had the highest correlation coefficient with %FEV1 as independent variables. These analyses were conducted in subjects including those with mild COPD (global initiative of chronic obstructive lung disease stage = 0–II). Results: LAA% had a higher correlation coefficient (-0.549, p < 0.001) with %FEV1 than D values in subjects while 2D D-910HU (-0.350, p < 0.001) revealed slightly higher correlation coefficient than LAA% (-0.343, p < 0.001) in subjects with mild COPD. Multivariable analyses revealed that LAA% and 2D D value-910HU were significant independent predictors of %FEV1 in subjects and that only 2D D value-910HU revealed a marginal p value (0.05) among independent variables in subjects with mild COPD. Conclusion: Low-attenuation cluster analysis provides incremental information regarding physiologic severity of COPD, independent of LAA%, especially with mild COPD.
The Role of the Present Perfect in Communication: Analysis of American Movies
Miyuki Nambu 영상영어교육학회 2006 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.7 No.1
This paper focuses on the analysis of the contextualized 502 present perfect expressions from eight American movies with a view to find out the role of the present perfect in communication. The first analysis, the subject use analysis, points out that the present perfect can works in a dual way: it works as a tool of self-disclosure for the speaker and as a tool of understanding speaker's personality makeup for the listener. The second analysis is about what kind of tense follows in the utterance after the present perfect. It turns out that the present perfect is, more often than not, replaced by the present tense, not by the past tense as is often pointed out. In addition, with the statistical result that the speaker and the listener share the present tense almost equally in number, it is possible to conclude that the present perfect has an important role to make a foundation on which both the speaker and the listener can develop a conversation by centering on the present. Consequently, the present perfect has a uniqueness to make it possible for the speaker to lure the listener into the environment of the present-centered communication.
GUEST, Michael,NAMBU, Miyuki 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2014 외국어교육연구 Vol.28 No.2
This paper addresses considerations that need to be made when theresearchers were classifying samples of spoken discourse as beingindicative of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) or English as a LinguaFranca (ELF), based upon observations and data collection of naturallyoccurringworkplace English nursing discourse from four distinct Asianlocales and problems endemic to accurate classification. Since a numberof nursing students at the researchers’ university in Japan wish topursue English nursing studies elsewhere in Asia, observation ofnaturally‐occurring nursing English was carried out for two full workingdays at four distinct Asian locales (National University Hospital,Singapore, Vicente Sotto Hospital, Cebu, The Philippines, St. Paul’sUniversity & Hospital, Manila, and Gleneagles Hospital, Penang,Malaysia) in order to note nursing English discourse patterns not commonto American or British‐Englishes, and thus possibly be identifiable asexamples of an emerging Asian ELF. It was initially hoped that theresults of this research would aid materials designers in developingEnglish learning materials for Japanese nursing students by identifyingand incorporating elements of authentic spoken Asian ELF/ESP forms used in nursing English. However, the researchers soon realized that accurate classification of such speech data as being ELF or ESP‐specific can be exceedingly problematic. Based upon observations made after collecting and analyzing the naturally‐occurring nursing English data, six primary category/classification problem areas were identified:1. Local variety 2. Medical domain specific 3. Speech event specific 4.Idiosyncratic style 5. Spoken grammar form 6. Error (both native and non ‐native). Considerations and questions regarding accurate classification were included for each of the six problem areas.
( Michael Guest ),( Miyuki Nambu ) 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2014 외국어교육연구 Vol.28 No.2
This paper addresses considerations that need to be made when the researchers were classifying samples of spoken discourse as being indicative of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) or English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), based upon observations and data collection of naturallyoccurring workplace English nursing discourse from four distinct Asian locales and problems endemic to accurate classification. Since a number of nursing students at the researchers` university in Japan wish to pursue English nursing studies elsewhere in Asia, observation of naturally-occurring nursing English was carried out for two full working days at four distinct Asian locales (National University Hospital, Singapore, Vicente Sotto Hospital, Cebu, The Philippines, St. Paul`s University & Hospital, Manila, and Gleneagles Hospital, Penang, Malaysia) in order to note nursing English discourse patterns not common to American or British-Englishes, and thus possibly be identifiable as examples of an emerging Asian ELF. It was initially hoped that the results of this research would aid materials designers in developing English learning materials for Japanese nursing students by identifying and incorporating elements of authentic spoken Asian ELF/ESP forms used in nursing English. However, the researchers soon realized that accurate classification of such speech data as being ELF or ESP-specific can be exceedingly problematic. Based upon observations made after collecting and analyzing the naturally-occurring nursing English data, six primary category/classification problem areas were identified:1. Local variety 2. Medical domain specific 3. Speech event specific 4. Idiosyncratic style 5. Spoken grammar form 6. Error (both native and non -native). Considerations and questions regarding accurate classification were included for each of the six problem areas.
Chiba, Masakatsu,Murase, Ryo,Nambu, Yohsuke,Komatsu, Keiji The Society for Aerospace System Engineering 2015 International Journal of Aerospace System Engineer Vol.2 No.2
Experimental studies were conducted on the liquid sloshing characteristics in a spherical tank covered with a flexible membrane. A spherical acrylic tank with 145.2 mm in radius was used as a test tank, and it was half-filled with water. Silicon membranes with 0.2 mm thickness were used as a test membrane with plane or hemispherical types. The test tank was harmonically excited in a vertical direction by an electro-dynamic exciter. In this case, a parametric instability vibration comes up when the excitation frequency is twice the natural frequency. Parametric instability regions of natural modes were measured for three cases, i.e. liquid surface is free, covered with plane membrane and hemi-spherical membrane.
Clostridioides difficile Infection in a Japanese Tertiary Children’s Hospital
Mariko Meguro,Ryusuke Nambu,Tomoko Hara,Ryo Ebana,Masashi Yoshida,Saki Yamamoto,Koki Mori,Itaru Iwama 대한소아소화기영양학회 2022 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.25 No.5
Purpose: Toxins produced by Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) can cause enteritis and diarrhea. Although the number of pediatric CDI cases is increasing, the clinical management of pediatric CDI, including patient characteristics and prognosis, remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the background and clinical course of patients with CDI and evaluate the reliability of diagnostic tests in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Japan. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of children diagnosed with CDI between 2011 and 2021 at the Saitama Children’s Medical Center in Saitama, Japan. Results: During the study period, 1,252 C. difficile antigen/toxin tests were performed, and 37 patients were diagnosed with CDI. The main underlying diseases among the patients were hematological and malignant disorders and gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (59.4%). Two patients (5.4%) had an unremarkable medical history. Among the 37 patients, 27 (73.0%) were immunocompromised, 25 (67.6%) had a history of antibiotic use within the past two months, and 6 (16.2%) were negative on the initial test but were positive on the second test. Finally, 28 patients (75.7%) required primary antibiotic therapy only, and two patients with IBD required additional antibiotic therapy as secondary treatment. Conclusion: The number of pediatric patients with CDI is increasing. Both a comprehensive interview, including underlying diseases and history of antibiotic use, and an understanding of the features of clinical examinations should be emphasized to appropriately diagnose and treat CDI.