Concurrent Relations of Commodity Futures

Namkoong,Hongseok,Kim, Woochang 대한산업공학회 2011 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

Literatures have focused on the relationship between basis, cost of storage and convenience yield, as given by the Theory of Storage. However, the relations among futures contracts should be considered as a whole, upon discussion of futures-spot relationships: futures curve reflects inventory level and the risk premium and thus the dynamics of future spot price. Here the predictive ability of the futures curve over future spot price dynamics is empirically proven. When the futures curve is highly volatile, market participants’ expectation on inventory and risk premium vary. As this discrepancy widen, spot inventory is deemed unstable. Thus, spot price rises for a short time. But then, as inventory restores itself, spot mean reverts, making a sharp market correction. An investment strategy that predicts spot price crashes using the futures curve is devised. Equal weight portfolio of 26 commodities is used. Results corroborate the conjecture; it predicts major market crashes. Result indicates that contemporary relations among futures contracts are crucial in futures-spot relationships. This result expands the view offered by the Theory of Storage by highlighting the importance of relationship among futures contracts.

MoSi2 의 초음파에 관한 기초적 연구

김유철,남궁재관 한국산업안전학회 1994 한국안전학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Ultrasonic for MoSi₂/Y. C. Kim, C. K. Namkoong/MoSi₂ in the silicides has excellence in the oxidation and corrosion resistence. When the solid state bonding sintered-MoSi₂/metal or the thermal sprayed coating by powder-MoSi₂ on the metal are carried out, the defects may be occured at the bonded surface. So, the method for evaluating the existence of the defects by non-destructive inspection is strongly desired. Here, the characteristics of ultrasonic for sintered-MoSi₂ are elucidated and the possibility of the detection of defects using by ultrasonic is investigated.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Supplementation with Extracts from the Marine Brown Alga Eisenia bicyclis on Macrophages

NamKoong, Seung,Kang, Se-Chan,Do, Hang,Jang, Ki-Hyo,Jang, Seon-A,Choung, Myoung-Gun,Sohn, Eun-Hwa The Plant Resources Society of Korea 2011 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.24 No.3

A large number of edible seaweeds are consumed by the coastal peoples of Asia. Some of them are used in traditional remedies in many parts of the world. In this study we investigated effects of supplementation with ethyl acetate extracts of the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis (EBE) on rat macrophage to evaluate the possibilities as immune-modulators. Twelve male SD rats were divided into two groups and the treatments were as follows: A, no Eisenia bicyclis extract (EBE) intake and distilled water ; B, oral supplemented with EBE 200 mg/kg. After 5 weeks of supplementation, rats were sacrificed to assess the effect on peritoneal macrophage functions. We showed no increasing effects on tumoricidal activity, phagocytic activity and NO production in macrophages in EBE supplementation group. However, EBE supplementation suppressed NO-iNOS production and p65 translocation into the nucleus in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Overall, these results suggest that the supplementation of EBE might have an anti-inflammatory effects on NO-iNOS production in macrophages throughout the inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$ activation.

기 · 고계 유동층의 2 상 Model 에 대한 이론적 고찰

남궁식,문세기 한국화학공학회 1968 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.6 No.4

Mathematical models have been used to evaluate the relative importance of bubble rising with coalescence, mixing of particles in the dense phase, chemical reaction bubble cloud, and diffusion between bubble and dense phase of gas flluidized catalsyt bed, Over a certain range of operating conditions. The comparison between the models and kinetic data of isomerization reaction of n-Butene(Namkoong et, al) shows that the fluid in the dense phase is well mixed and the rate of reaction in the bubble cloud is small compared to the rate of convective exchange between two phases.

Detection of c-K-ras Point Mutation in Ovarian Cancer

Namkoong, Sung Eun,Lee, Joon Mo,Kim, Jin Woo,Han, Sang Kyun,Kim, Heung Kee,Park, Jong Sup,Kim, Seung Jo CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1994 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.22 No.1

To detect the point mutation of c-k-ras in ovarian cancer, GGT of codon 12 was replaced by GAT, AGT, TGT and GTT, then we performed polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed it using Southern blot hybrization with digoxygenin detection system. The frequency of c-k-ras point mutation was compared with the clinico-pathological characteristics of 37 ovarian cancer patients. The incidences of four-typed point mutations of K-ras oncogene in 37 ovarian cancers were 35.1%(13/37) and distribution were 32.4%(12/37), 2.7%(1/37), 0%(O/37) and 0%(O/37) in GGT to GAT, GGT to AGT, GGT to TGT, and GGT to GTT, respectively. The incidence of K-ras point mutations on codon 12 among 37 patients with ovarian cancer according to histological type was 35.5%(8/22) with serous cystadenocarcinomns, 28.6%(2/7) with mucinous cystadenocarcinomas. Comparing the positive rate of K-ras point mutations on code 12 among 37 patients with ovarian cancer in different clinical stages, point mutation was detected in 14.3%(1/7) with stage Ⅰ, 28.6%(2/7) with stage Ⅱ, and 43.5%(10/23) with stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ and there was statistically significant increasement of point mutations of K-ras oncogene with advance of the clinical stage of ovarian cancer (P<0.05). The incidence of K-ras point mutntions on codon 12 among 33 patients with ovarian cancer who were performed pelvic lymph node dissection was 52.4%(l1/21) of the patients with positive pelvic lymph node metastases and 16.7%(2/12) of the patients without pelvic lymph node metastasis and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The activation of ras oncogene seems to be a major implication of the multistep process of ovarian carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Furthermore, the point mutation of c-K-ras gene could occur more frequently in the patients of ovarian cancer in far advance stage, and the those with pelvic lymph node metastases than in those without pelvic lymph node metastases, suggesting the role in tumor invasion and metastases.

Precancerous Conditions of Uterine Cervix and its Relation to Trichomonal Infection

Namkoong, Sung Eun,Kim, Seung Jo,Lee, Yong Seon,Kim, Yoon Ho,Kim, Sun Moo CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1979 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.7 No.1

Trichomonas Vaginalis, first described by Donne, 1836, for many years has been associated with lesions of the female genital tract.

The integral membrane protein ITM2A, a transcriptional target of PKA-CREB, regulates autophagic flux via interaction with the vacuolar ATPase

Namkoong, Sim,Lee, Kang Il,Lee, Jin I,Park, Rackhyun,Lee, Eun-Ju,Jang, Ik-Soon,Park, Junsoo TaylorFrancis 2015 AUTOPHAGY Vol.11 No.5

<P>The PKA-CREB signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes including autophagy. Recent studies demonstrated that PKA-CREB inhibits autophagy in yeast; however, the role of PKA-CREB signaling in mammalian cell autophagy has not been fully characterized. Here, we report that the integral membrane protein ITM2A expression is positively regulated by PKA-CREB signaling and ITM2A expression interferes with autophagic flux by interacting with vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase). The <I>ITM2A</I> promoter contains a CRE element, and mutation at the CRE consensus site decreases the promoter activity. Forskolin treatment and PKA expression activate the <I>ITM2A</I> promoter confirming that ITM2A expression is dependent on the PKA-CREB pathway. ITM2A expression results in the accumulation of autophagosomes and interferes with autolysosome formation by blocking autophagic flux. We demonstrated that ITM2A physically interacts with v-ATPase and inhibits lysosomal function. These results support the notion that PKA-CREB signaling pathway regulates ITM2A expression, which negatively regulates autophagic flux by interfering with the function of v-ATPase.</P>

Alpinumisoflavone Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases/Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor-κB Pathways in Lung Tumor Cells

Namkoong, Sim,Kim, Tack-Joong,Jang, Ik-Soon,Kang, Keon-Wook,Oh, Won-Keun,Park, Junsoo Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2011 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.34 No.2

<P>The extracellular signal-regulated kinases/mitogen activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways are critical for cell survival and proliferation. Alpinumisoflavone (AIF), isolated from the African medicinal plant <I>Erythrina lysistemon</I>, is a member of the isoflavone group. In this report, we demonstrated that AIF treatment induces cell death of human lung tumor cells. Incubation of lung tumor cells with AIF increased the sub-G1 population and caspase 3/7 activity, suggesting that the cell death is caused by apoptosis. To identify the signaling pathway involved in the tumor cell death, we examined the modulation of transcriptional activity using various reporter constructs and found that AIF significantly deregulated both the ERK/MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Western blot analysis with antibodies to MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) and ERK showed that AIF dephosphorylates both MEK and ERK. Alpinumisoflavone also repressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting NF-κB-dependent transcription. Therefore, the cell death induced by AIF may be <I>via</I> repressing both the ERK/MAPK and NF-κB pathways.</P>

Voltage Control of Distribution Networks to Increase their Hosting Capacity in South Korea

NamKoong Won,Jung Won-Wook,Shin Chang-Hoon,Hwang Pyeong-Ik,Jang Gilsoo 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.3

This paper presents the results of a study of a voltage management technology called parameter determination of voltage regulator (PDVR) implemented in a 22.9 kV distribution network. Korea Electric Power Corporation has developed this PDVR technology for increasing the hosting capacity without causing any voltage problems in LV (220/380 V) networks. PDVR calculates and provides the operation settings of voltage regulators such as on load tap changer, pole mounted automatic voltage regulator, and distributed generation (DG). Subsequently, these settings are applied to the voltage regulators, which further optimize the 22.9 kV network voltage without the control of the distribution management system (DMS). A study of the operations and performance of PDVR through the analysis of test results is presented in this paper.

Effect of Probenecid on the Biliary Excretion of Belotecan

NamKoong, Eun-Mi,Kim, In-Wha,Kim, Dae-Duk,Chung, Suk-Jae,Shim, Chang-Koo 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.11

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of probenecid, an inhibitor of the MRP2/ABCC transporter, on the pharmacokinetics and transport of belotecan (7-[2-(N-isopropy-lamino)ethyl]-(20S)-camptothecin). The effect of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of belotecan was studied in rats. When belotecan was injected as a bolus dose of 5 mg/kg after probenecid was infused at a rate of 42.8 mg/2 mL/h/kg, the cumulative biliary excretion amounts and biliary clearance $(CL_b)$ of belotecan decreased ($28.29{\pm}2.83$ versus $19.96{\pm}1.45%$ of dose and $161.01{\pm}26.95$ versus $92.66{\pm}1.45$ mL/min/kg), whereas the systemic pharmacokinetics did not change. This indicates that the MRP2 transporter is involved in the biliary excretion of belotecan. The involvement of MRP2 in the secretory transport was further characterized using Caco-2 cell monolayers expressing MRP2. The apparent permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers from basolateral to apical was 2.3 times greater than that from the apical to the basolateral side at the $50{\mu}M$ belotecan. In addition, probenecid significantly decreased the basolateral-to-apical transport of belotecan (52.9%). These results indicate that MRP2 is involved in the secretory transport of belotecan in biliary excretion.