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Concurrent Relations of Commodity Futures
Namkoong,Hongseok,Kim, Woochang 대한산업공학회 2011 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.11
Literatures have focused on the relationship between basis, cost of storage and convenience yield, as given by the Theory of Storage. However, the relations among futures contracts should be considered as a whole, upon discussion of futures-spot relationships: futures curve reflects inventory level and the risk premium and thus the dynamics of future spot price. Here the predictive ability of the futures curve over future spot price dynamics is empirically proven. When the futures curve is highly volatile, market participants’ expectation on inventory and risk premium vary. As this discrepancy widen, spot inventory is deemed unstable. Thus, spot price rises for a short time. But then, as inventory restores itself, spot mean reverts, making a sharp market correction. An investment strategy that predicts spot price crashes using the futures curve is devised. Equal weight portfolio of 26 commodities is used. Results corroborate the conjecture; it predicts major market crashes. Result indicates that contemporary relations among futures contracts are crucial in futures-spot relationships. This result expands the view offered by the Theory of Storage by highlighting the importance of relationship among futures contracts.
김유철,남궁재관 한국산업안전학회 1994 한국안전학회지 Vol.9 No.1
Ultrasonic for MoSi₂/Y. C. Kim, C. K. Namkoong/MoSi₂ in the silicides has excellence in the oxidation and corrosion resistence. When the solid state bonding sintered-MoSi₂/metal or the thermal sprayed coating by powder-MoSi₂ on the metal are carried out, the defects may be occured at the bonded surface. So, the method for evaluating the existence of the defects by non-destructive inspection is strongly desired. Here, the characteristics of ultrasonic for sintered-MoSi₂ are elucidated and the possibility of the detection of defects using by ultrasonic is investigated.
NamKoong, Cherl,Song, Woo Jin,Kim, Chang Yeon,Chun, Duck Hyeon,Shin, Soonho,Sohn, Jong-Woo,Choi, Hyung Jin Elsevier 2019 Neuroscience Letters Vol.712 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) innervates with several peripheral organs such as liver, pancreas and regulates energy metabolism. However, the direct role of PNS on food intake has been poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of parasympathetic nervous system in regulation of feeding by chemogenetic methods. Adeno associated virus carrying DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) infused into the target brain region by stereotaxic surgery. The stimulatory hM3Dq or inhibitory hM4Di DREADD was over-expressed in selective population of dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons by Cre-recombinase-dependent manners. Activation of parasympathetic neuron by intraperitoneal injection of the M3-muscarinic receptor ligand clozapine<I>-N-o</I>xide (CNO) (1 mg/kg) suppressed food intake and resulted in body weight loss in ChAT-Cre mice. Parasympathetic neurons activation resulted in improved glucose tolerance while inhibition of the neurons resulted in impaired glucose tolerance. Stimulation of parasympathetic nervous system by injection of CNO (1 mg/kg) increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. Within the hypothalamus, in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) changed AGRP/POMC neurons. These results suggest that direct activation of parasympathetic nervous system decreases food intake and body weight with improved glucose tolerance.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Activation of parasympathetic neuron by intraperitoneal injection of the clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) suppressed food intake and body weight loss. </LI> <LI> Parasympathetic neurons activation in improved glucose tolerance while inhibition of the neurons resulted in impaired glucose tolerance. </LI> <LI> Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system by injection of CNO increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. </LI> </UL> </P>
Effect of Probenecid on the Biliary Excretion of Belotecan
NamKoong, Eun-Mi,Kim, In-Wha,Kim, Dae-Duk,Chung, Suk-Jae,Shim, Chang-Koo 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.11
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of probenecid, an inhibitor of the MRP2/ABCC transporter, on the pharmacokinetics and transport of belotecan (7-[2-(N-isopropy-lamino)ethyl]-(20S)-camptothecin). The effect of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of belotecan was studied in rats. When belotecan was injected as a bolus dose of 5 mg/kg after probenecid was infused at a rate of 42.8 mg/2 mL/h/kg, the cumulative biliary excretion amounts and biliary clearance $(CL_b)$ of belotecan decreased ($28.29{\pm}2.83$ versus $19.96{\pm}1.45%$ of dose and $161.01{\pm}26.95$ versus $92.66{\pm}1.45$ mL/min/kg), whereas the systemic pharmacokinetics did not change. This indicates that the MRP2 transporter is involved in the biliary excretion of belotecan. The involvement of MRP2 in the secretory transport was further characterized using Caco-2 cell monolayers expressing MRP2. The apparent permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers from basolateral to apical was 2.3 times greater than that from the apical to the basolateral side at the $50{\mu}M$ belotecan. In addition, probenecid significantly decreased the basolateral-to-apical transport of belotecan (52.9%). These results indicate that MRP2 is involved in the secretory transport of belotecan in biliary excretion.
Effect of anti-muscarinic autoantibodies on leukocyte function in Sjögren’s syndrome
Namkoong, Eun,Lee, Sang-woo,Kim, Nahyun,Choi, Youngnim,Park, Kyungpyo 3M Company 2017 Molecular immunology Vol.90 No.-
<P>Our results suggest that anti-M3R autoantibodies in primary Sjogren's syndrome induce downregulation of plasma membrane-resident M3R and MHC class I molecules in leukocytes followed by NK cell-mediated cell death. This mechanism may explain the frequency of leukopenia occurrence in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.</P>
Precancerous Conditions of Uterine Cervix and its Relation to Trichomonal Infection
Namkoong, Sung Eun,Kim, Seung Jo,Lee, Yong Seon,Kim, Yoon Ho,Kim, Sun Moo CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1979 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.7 No.1
Trichomonas Vaginalis, first described by Donne, 1836, for many years has been associated with lesions of the female genital tract.
Namkoong, K.,Choi, H.G.,Yoo, J.Y. Academic Press 2005 Journal of fluids and structures Vol.20 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems, two different governing equations are solved together. In addition, a kinematic constraint should be imposed along the boundary between the fluid and the structure. We use the combined formulation which incorporates both the fluid and structure equations of motion into a single coupled variational equation. This does not necessitate the calculation of the fluid force on the surface of the structure explicitly when solving the equation of motion for the structure. A two-dimensional laminar channel flow divided by a plate and another two-dimensional laminar flow caused by the oscillation of a vertical plate in a cavity filled with a fluid are considered to investigate the dynamic FSI between the fluid and the plate. The Navier–Stokes equation modified with the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) technique is solved using a P2P1 Galerkin finite element method (FEM). The equation of motion for the plate is solved using a Galerkin FEM without considering the internal structural damping effect. Numerical results for steady channel flow are in good agreement with the existing work of Wang. In addition to the Reynolds number, two nondimensional parameters, which govern this fluid–structure system, are proposed. When the Reynolds number and the geometry are fixed, it is noted that the damping of the amplitude of plate oscillation increases as the dynamic viscosity and the density of the fluid increase, and that the added mass is linearly proportional to the fluid density but independent of fluid viscosity.</P>