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Remarks on Japanese Benefactive V - te moraw Constructions
Sawasaki, Koichi,Nakayama, Mineharu 한국현대언어학회 2001 언어연구 Vol.17 No.2
Koichi Sawasaki & Mineharu Nakayama. 2001. Remarks on Japanese Benefactive V-te moraw Constructions, 언어연구 17-2, 285-314. 이 논문은 일본어의 -te moraw ( …해 받다) 구문에 대한 연구이다. Hoshi (1994)는 -te moraw 구문에 대해, 마치 수동구문에서도 두 가지가 있는 것과 같이 직접 수혜와 간접 수혜 구문의 두 가지 통사적 구조를 제안하였다. 그러나, 우리는 여기서 일본어의 수동구문과 수혜구문은 구조적으로 다르다는 증거를 제시함으로서 Hoshi의 견해를 반박하고자 한다. 첫째, 수동구문에서는 부정어 형태소가 수동형태소 뒤에서만 나타날 수 있지만, -te moraw 구문에서는 앞이나 뒤에다 나타날 수 있다. 둘째, 수동문중 ni-수동문에서 공범주가 명시적인 요소로 채워질 수 없지만, 직접 수혜구문에서는 공범주가 명시적 범주인 zibun으로 채워질 수 있다. 셋째 직접 수혜자구문과 간접수혜자 구문의 경우 zibun과 주어 지향 부사인 wazato가 수동문과는 달리, 강한 주어지향성을 보여준다 이러한 증거를 바탕으로 우리는 수혜구문이 두 개의 IP를 가지고 있다는 제안을 한다. 수혜구문이 이중적인 구조를 가지고 있다는 우리의 제안은 다음과 같은 면에서 Hoshi의 분석과는 다르다. 우선, 이 구문이 수동화 현상과 관련이 없다는 것이다. 둘째, Hoshi의 직/간접 수혜구문이 서로 상호 배타적으로 발생하지만, 우리의 분석에 의하면 결속조건 B가 만족되기만 하면 동시에 발생할 수 있다는 것이다.^1) (The Ohio State University)
Similarity Interference and Scrambling in Japanese
Mineharu Nakayama,Richard L. Lewis 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2000 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.1 No.1
Lewis and Nakayama (1999) claim that the difficulty of comprehending sentences is a function, in part, of similarity-based interference, a limitation on working memory. By examining Japanese sentences, they found that the syntactic category, the syntactic position, and the consecutive occurrence of the same category all contribute to the difficulty of sentences. The present study examines the similarity interference hypothesis in Japanese scrambling sentences. According to the hypothesis, the scrambled sentences that reduce similarity interference would be considered easier than the unscrambled sentences. This prediction was borne out. However, the experimental results also showed that sentences with scrambled embedded objects were more difficult than unscrambled sentences. We argue that there are independently-motivated explanations for the difficulty of these sentences. Therefore, the results still support the similarity interference hypothesis, and indeed similarity interference plays a significant role in the difficulty of comprehending sentences.
Combined Analysis of η Meson Hadro- and Photo-production off Nucleons
K. Nakayama,오용석,H. Haberzettl 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.2
The η-meson production in photon- and hadron-induced reactions, namely, γp → pη, π^−p → nη, pp → ppη, and pn ∪ pnη, are investigated in a combined analysis in order to learn about the relevant production mechanisms and the possible role of nucleon resonances in these reactions. We consider the nucleonic, mesonic, and nucleon resonance currents constructed within an effective Lagrangian approach and compare the results with the available data for cross sections and spin asymmetries for these reactions. We found that the reaction γp → pη could be described well with the inclusion of the well-established S_(11)(1535), S_(11)(1650), D_(13)(1520), and D_(13)(1700) resonances, in addition to the mesonic current. Consideration of other well-established resonances in the same mass region, including the spin-5/2 resonances, D_(15)(1675) and F_(15)(1680), does not further improve the results qualitatively. For the reaction π_−p → nη, the P_(13)(1720) resonance is found to be important for reproducing the structure observed in the differential cross section data. Our model also improves the description of the reaction NN → NNη to a large extent compared to the earlier results by Nakayama et al. [Phys. Rev. C 68, 045201 (2003)]. For this reaction, we address two cases where either the S_(11)(1535) or the D_(13) dominates. Further improvement in the description of these reactions and the difficulty to uniquely determine the nucleon resonance parameters in the present type of analysis are discussed.
Nakayama Mizuho,Wang Dong,Kok Sau Yee,Hiroko Oshima,Oshima Masanobu 대한암예방학회 2022 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.27 No.1
Comprehensive genome analyses have identified frequently mutated genes in human colorectal cancers (CRC). These include APC, KRAS, SMAD4, TP53, and FBXW7. The biological functions of the respective gene products in cell proliferation and homeostasis have been intensively examined by in vitro experiments. However, how each gene mutation or combinations of specific mutations drive malignant progression of CRC in vivo has not been fully understood. Based on the genomic information, we generated mouse models that carry multiple mutations of CRC driver genes in various combinations, and we performed comprehensive histological analyses to link genetic alteration(s) and tumor phenotypes, including liver metastasis. In this review article, we summarize the phenotypes of the respective genetic models carrying major driver mutations and discuss a possible mechanism of mutations underlying malignant progression.
Observables and correlators in non-relativistic ABJM theory
Nakayama, Yu,Rey, Soo-Jong IOP Publishing Ltd 2009 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2009 No.8
Non-relativistic ABJM theory is defined by Galilean limit of mass-deformed &calN; = 6 Chern-Simons theory. Holographic string theory dual to the theory is not known yet. To understand features candidate gravity dual might exhibit, we examine local and nonlocal physical observables and their correlations in the non-relativistic ABJM theory. We show that gauge invariant local observables correspond to zero-norm states and that correlation functions among them are trivial. We also show that a particular class of nonlocal observables, Wilson loops, are topological in the sense that their correlation functions coincide with those of pure Chern-Simons theory. We argue that the theory is nevertheless physical and illustrate several physical observables whose correlation functions are nontrivial. We also study quantum aspects. We show that Chern-Simons level is finitely renormalized and that dilatation operator is trivial at planar limit. These results all point to string scale geometry of gravity dual and to intriguing topological and tensionless nature of dual string or M theory defined on it.
Unitarity meets channel-duality for rolling/decaying D-branes
Nakayama, Yu,Rey, Soo-Jong,Sugawara, Yuji IOP Publishing Ltd 2006 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2006 No.8
Investigations for decay of unstable D-brane and rolling of accelerated D-brane dynamics have revealed that various proposed prescriptions give different result for spectral amplitudes and observables. Here, we study them with particular attention to unitarity and open-closed channel duality. From <I>ab initio</I> derivation in the open string channel, both in Euclidean and Lorentzian worldsheet approaches, we find heretofore overlooked contribution to the spectral amplitudes and obervables. The contribution is fortuitously absent for decay of unstable D-brane, but is present for rolling of accelerated D-brane. We finally show that the contribution is imperative for ensuring unitarity and optical theorem at each order in string loop expansion.